Used Engine Oil Research Articles

Evaluation of modified used engine oil acting as a dispersant for concentrated coal–water slurry

In order to convert the used engine oil (UEO) to a fine chemicals, the properties of engine oil (EO) and UEO were initially compared by FTIR, 1H NMR, and thermal behavior analyses. The UEO composition was first modified by sulfonation and then separated through separating funnel. Results showed that the as-prepared product, sulfonated UEO (SUEO), exhibits the properties of a surfactant. The surface tension of the aqueous SUEO solution was 34.64mNm−1 at the critical micellar concentration of 3.02gL−1, which was one half of 72.27mNm−1 of distilled water. Up to 0.3wt.% SUEO was used as a dispersant for coal–water slurry (CWS), and the viscosity of CWS was 170mPas when the content of coal powder was 65wt.% at shear rate of 100s−1, and the rheological behavior belonged to pseudoplastic fluids. Experiments on the stability of CWS containing 0.3wt.% SUEO demonstrated that the penetration ratio reached 37.8% after 15days, which was higher by 12.1% than that of CWS without dispersant. Compared with commercial dispersants sodium lignosulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, SUEO displayed a good performance for either liquidity or stability of CWS. In addition, the possible reason for the excellent behavior of CWS prepared with SUEO was discussed. Overall, this study provided a new disposal and updated way for UEO.

Physical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene, Polyvinylchloride and Used Engine Oil Modified Asphalt

Since the influence of polymeric additives on the rheological and performance characteristics of bituminous materials is dependent on the composition and origin of the bituminous base materials itself, the influence of polymeric additives on the physical properties of the world renowned Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) was investigated. The specific physical, performance properties of rutting resistance and fatigue cracking resistance (as measured by the rheological properties of complex modulus and phase angle) and viscosity of Trinidad Lake Asphalt modified with varying levels of waste Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Used Engine Oil (UEO) were measured to deduce the applicability of these waste polymeric materials as a performance enhancer for the base asphalt. The results indicated that as the UEO concentration in TLA increased (0–30%), there was an incremental increase in the fatigue cracking resistance and a decrease in rutting resistance. The incremental addition of PVC to TLA (0–10%) resulted in optimal rutting resistance at 2% and 8% PVC concentrations respectively. The fatigue cracking resistance and rutting resistance of the LDPE modified TLA increased with the addition of 1% LDPE; further additions having minimal effect on the performance properties of the blends. Viscosity measurements at different temperatures of the various polymer-asphalt blends were made to determine the ease at which the blends can be mixed during the manufacturing process.

Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA) and Used Engine Oil (UEO): Towards Sustainable Concrete Production

Rice is a primary source of food for billions of people and covers 1% of the earth’s surface. On average 20% of the rice paddy is husk, giving an annual total production of 120 million tones. Nowadays, there are two common methods used to dispose the rice husk which is either it is being dump or burnt. Rice husk ash (RHA) which is produced by burning paddy husk led to the issue of ozone layer depletion. It also causes damage to the land and the surrounding area where it is being dumped. Previous studies have pointed out that RHA produced contains more than 80% pure silica and if properly prepared, it is in an active form which behaves very much like cement. Same goes with used engine oil (UEO). Many people are aware that UEO shouldn’t be dumped, but recycled. It is incredibly toxic stuff and a gallon can contaminate one million gallons of water. Pouring it on land doesn’t reduce the risk either as it can seep down into the water table.The objective of this research is to obtain an optimum percentage of inclusion of microwave incinerated rice husk ash (MIRHA) as a cement replacement and UEO in order to produce a better concrete in terms of compressive strength compared to normal OPC concrete. The test results showed MIRHA concrete performed better than normal OPC concrete and the incorporation of UEO and MIRHA in concrete showed the compressive strength give better performance.

Blood profile and organ2.O-somatic indices of albino rats exposed to graded levels of used mineral-based crankcase oil.

The effects Used Engine Oil (UEO) otherwise known as mineral-based crankcase oil on blood profile and organo-somatic indices of albino rats were studied. Twenty four male albino rats divided randomly into 4 groups of 6 rats each were used. Rats in three groups (A, B and C) received graded dose levels of UEO respectively every 48 hours for a period of 28 days. Data on PCV, Hb concentration, EC, TLC, DLC, MCV, MCH, MCHC; organo-somatic index for the heart, kidney, spleen and clinical observations of the rats were collected. Results showed that all the UEO exposed rats came down with diarrhoea. The mean % PCV and Hb concentration in all UEO exposed rat groups did not differ from the mean value of the control. Mean EC of groups A and B rats did not differ from each other and also never varied from the mean value of the control. Rats in groups A, B and C showed marked significant difference in their MCV values when compared with the control. The MCH and MCHC of all UEO exposed rats did not differ from the mean value of the control. There was a significant increase in TLC and ALC values of groups B and C rats relative to the control. Significant increases in the organosomatic index for the heart, kidney and spleen of rats exposed to UEO were also recorded. This findings suggest that exposure to UEO affected the blood picture and organo-somatic index of the heart, kidney and spleen of the male rats.Keywords: Used Engine Oil-Blood profile-Organo-somatic index-Rats

The effect of used engine oil on carbohydrate, mineral content and nitrate reductase activity of leafy vegetable (<i>Amaranthus hybridus</i> L.)

The effects of used engine oil on carbohydrate, mineral elements and nitrate reductase activity of Amaranthus hybridus were investigated. Seedlings were grown for 8 weeks in soil containing 0-5 % v/w usedengine oil. There was a significant (p=0.05) low level of mineral elements in plants grown in oil treated soils. The carbohydrate content of the control plants was significantly higher than the values observed for plants grown in oil treated soils. The control plants had a mean value of 48.3 ± 0.5 ìg g-1 dry wt, while 42.0 ± 1.0 and 30.9 ± 0.4 ìg g-1 dry wt were observed for plants treated with 1 and 5 % oil. There was significant inhibitory effect on nitrate reductase activity in plants that were exposed to engine oil. Therefore, the potential risk of used engine oil as potent environmental pollutant has been established from the results of this study

Haematological and clinical chemistry findings associated with sub-acute contamination of drinking water with varied low percentages of used engine oil

This study evaluated the haematology and clinical chemistry profile of rats given drinking water contaminated with varied low percentages of used engine oil (UEO) for a period of 21 days. Fifty female albino rats of 6–7 weeks of age were used for the study. They were divided into five groups (A–E) and given water contaminated with 5%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01% and 0% vol/vol. of UEO respectively as the only source of drinking water for 21 days. The group E given uncontaminated water (0% contamination) served as the control. The haematological parameters and clinical chemistry profile of the rats was comprehensively evaluated after the 21 days of administration of the group-specific waters. Results showed that contamination of water with up to 5% UEO led to no significant effects (p > 0.05) on all the haematological indices and on the levels of serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, albumin, creatinine and calcium, blood urea nitrogen and fasting blood glucose level, feed consumption and body weight. However, the rat group given water contaminated with 5% UEO had a significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) (p < 0.01), total bilirubin (p < 0.05) and cholesterol (p < 0.01), and a significantly decreased serum total protein and globulin (p < 0.01), and water consumption (p < 0.05). The rat group given water contaminated with 1% UEO had a significantly increased serum AP (p < 0.01), total bilirubin (p < 0.05) and cholesterol (p < 0.01), and a significantly decreased water consumption (p < 0.05), while the rat group given water contaminated with 0.1% UEO had a significantly elevated (p < 0.01) serum AP. It was concluded that sub-acute contamination of drinking water of rats with up to 5% UEO led to hepato-biliary disorders and adverse effects on hepatic secretion and excretion, including diminution of serum protein and globulin levels and elevation of serum cholesterol levels, but did not lead to any significant effects on haematology, hepatocellular integrity, kidney/renal function, pancreatic function and body weight.

Admixture of Used Engine Oil with DPK (Kerosene) as an Alternative Fuel for Foundry Shop

This study presents the experimental results of using admixture of used engine oil and kerosene as an alternative fuel in foundry shops. In this experiment, several proportions of used engine oil (well filtered) and kerosene were measured to make 1000ml per mixture using a calibrated beaker. Each mixture was fired in a furnacensuring atomization, ignition and combustion in a timed set up. Results of the experiment showed that admixtures of 100%, 95% and 90% volume of used engine oil gave low pour point hence were incombustible. 85%, 80% and 75% volume of used engine oil admixtures gave carburized flame. While 55% and below of used engine oil volume of admixtures gave oxygenated flame. 57% - 70% volume of used engine oil admixtures produced neutral flame which is ideal for melting. Of the latter proportions, 70% of used engine oil admixture had the highest heat content 70,780 kj/kg and the lowest cost. Hence this admixture is recommended as an effective admixture for fuel substitution in the foundry shop.

Recycling by pyrolysis of thermoset composites: characteristics of the liquid and gaseous fuels obtained

Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HP) of crop straw and used engine oil (UEO) alone and co-HP of crop straw and UEO were conducted. Crop straws with higher cellulose contents and cellulose-to-hemicellulose mass ratios produced higher oil yield in the HP process. Positive synergistic effect between crop straw and UEO was observed for improving the pyrolysis oil yield and reducing coke formation and N and S content during their co-HP process. Compared with the oils produced from the HP of crop straw alone, the oils obtained from the co-HP of crop straw and UEO possessed higher H content, HHVs, and effective hydrogen (H/Ceff) value, and significantly lower N and S contents (12−887 mg L−1 and 16−112 mg L−1, respectively). Strong synergistic effect between crop straw and UEO for the removal of S rather than N was observed during co-HP. Co-HP was found to slightly increase the abundances of lighter compounds in the oils compared with that of HP of crop straw alone. Co-HP of crop straw and UEO also resulted in a clearly higher energy recovery (73.26–83.45 %) than the HP of crop straw alone (30.95–67.95 %). The pyrolysis oil produced from the co-HP process was divided into centrifugal oil (C-oil) and extraction oil (E-oil), and the C-oils had much lower N and S contents (12−57 mg L−1 and 16−24 mg L−1, respectively) than the E-oils (445−887 mg L−1 and 71−112 mg L−1, respectively). Moreover, the C-oils also exhibited slightly higher saturated hydrocarbons content and lower aromatic compounds content than the E-oils.