Using Research In Practice Research Articles

Barriers to young people’s use of sexual and reproductive health services in Asia-Pacific

Abstract Background Qualitative literature extensively documents young people’s barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Asia-Pacific countries. However, efforts to synthesise this research for practical use in healthcare policy and practice are lacking. This systematic review aims to systematically review and synthesise published qualitative literature focusing on young people’s utilisation of SRH services and understanding common access barriers. Methods We systematically searched five electronic databases from inception until 24 June 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Google Scholar and reference lists of all included studies were also searched. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for appraising the quality of included studies and analysed the data using a thematic synthesis approach. Results We included 31 papers reporting the experiences of over 1800 young people from 16 Asia-Pacific countries. Thematic synthesis identified several factors affecting adolescents’ utilisation of SRH services, which were grouped into six descriptive themes: navigating puberty; lack of SRH knowledge; embarrassment and confidentiality concerns; low decision-making autonomy; traditional practices and religious beliefs; and socio-cultural norms. Our overreaching analytical theme highlighted the role of shame as a key emotion hindering young people’s utilisation of SRH services. Conclusions Direct communication about SRH issues is crucial for teenagers. Embarrassment, privacy concerns, and stigma significantly affect their service utilisation decisions. Inclusive interventions for both youth and their communities by addressing socio-cultural factors are essential for optimising service accessibility and guiding evidence-based interventions and policies across diverse cultural contexts. Key messages • Understanding young people’s SRH service barriers in Asia-Pacific countries: Socio-cultural norms are highlighted as crucial for optimising service utilisation among young individuals in this area. • Inclusive interventions and policies are needed for enhanced accessibility.

Smoking Cessation Interventions for LGBT Populations: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Public Health

Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) community are at increased risk for health threats when compared to their peers, including significantly higher rates of cigarette smoking and tobacco use, conferring risks for preventable tobacco-related illnesses and cancers. Health disparities for this group are associated with social and structural inequities, stigma and discrimination. As such, there are systemic and societal barriers to accessing smoking cessation services and too few services aim to reach and engage these groups. To date, three reviews have systematically summarized the literature about smoking cessation programs in LGBT samples; one review focused on young adults only, one review is eight years old, and one was focused on Australian policy. We conducted a scoping review of the literature and identified 71 studies examining smoking cessation in LGBT groups. Implementation barriers included in these studies were coded by raters. No studies were found that summarized or describe implementation science models for smoking cessation programs for LGBT groups. The Dynamic Sustainability Framework provides a structure for disseminating and implementating recommendations from smoking cessation research for practical use with LGBT communities. Interventions exist at the individual, family, systems, and national policy levels. More research is needed to determine whether tailoring or targeting of interventions matters. Using the Framework for Knowledge Translation, we created an easily disseminable sheet of information for community partners about how to use the lessons learned from these research articles to increase access to smoking cessation for LGBT individuals and communities and to increase public health.

Status of Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) Research for Practical Use

Status of Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) Research for Practical Use

IMT-1 A translational research for practical use of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against malignant glioma

Background: Although a therapeutic effect of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy, a kind of regenerative medicine, has been recognized in various types of cancer including malignant glioma, it is still impractical because of several unsolved problems. This study is aimed to solve the problems in regenerative medicine through a clinical trial of immunotherapy using fusions of DCs and glioma cells (GCs) against malignant glioma, and to put it into practical use. Methods: Primary cultured GCs and glioma stem cells (GSCs) were generated from surgical specimens of patient. DCs were generated from PBMC of same patient, and were fused with GCs and GSCs. The entire process of cell production must be performed by pairs of two cell-culture operators in a dedicated cell processing facility. We developed a remote cell-observation system for reducing hands work of operators. As a project to establish a preservation method, cryopreservation of glioma tissues, GCs/GSCs, DCs and fusion cells followed by their viability examination. Results: The remote cell-observation system worked stable in morphological observation and cell-counting for adhesion cells. A growth curve was also automatically and accurately created. Although a morphological observation of floating cells such as GSCs and DCs was possible, there was some error in counting of those cells. A project to establish a preservation method is currently underway, including the development of storage containers and storage liquids. Conclusions: Although the remote cell-observation system required some modifications at the observation site, depth of focus, etc. for floating cells, there was no problem in accuracy for adhesion cells compared with operator’s observation. This system, which can be easily installed at low cost, seemed to be helpful for practical use of regenerative medical products including this therapy. We are working on a project to establish a stable transportation and preservation method for prevalence of this treatment.

Evaluation of versatility of screw loosening inspection system by new technology using ultrasonic vibration and research for practical use

Evaluation of versatility of screw loosening inspection system by new technology using ultrasonic vibration and research for practical use

Experimental verification of a virtual water flowmeter applicable to air conditioning systems

The main purpose of this research is to suggest a virtual water flowmeter applicable in hydraulic systems with low-cost sensors. Practical procedures for realizing virtual water flowmeters for constant flow pumps (i.e., Cases 1 and 2) and variable flow pumps (i.e., Cases 3 and 4) are proposed in this paper. In Case 1, for measuring the water flow rate through a constant flow pump, the pump head was measured and the water flow rate was estimated using the pump characteristic curve obtained from the manufacturer or by deriving an empirical model based on the field measurement data. In Case 2, the water flow rate through a valve with a constant flow pump was estimated by measuring the pressure head between the valve and the valve opening position. The valve characteristic curve can be obtained by deriving an empirical model based on the initial field test results. The water flow rate through the variable flow pump was calculated, using the pump affinity laws and an empirical model, by measuring the frequency (i.e., Case 3) or input power (i.e., Case 4). The initial setup and test procedures for virtual flowmeters are also proposed in this research for practical use in the field. To verify the proposed procedures, experiments were conducted using constant and variable flow pumps in a pilot system. It was found that the virtual water flowmeters showed 2.9% to 6.7% of root mean square error from Case 1 to Case 4, compared with an ultrasonic water flowmeter, through long-term experimental verification.

Master student's application of evidence-based knowledge and skills in Swedish healthcare practice.

To investigate the application of evidence-based knowledge and skills in everyday healthcare practice among healthcare personnel attending a course in evidence-based practice (EBP) at the master's level. In this cross-sectional study, an evaluation of the use of instrumental, conceptual and persuasive research was performed among students attending a master's course in EBP at Lund University. Seven questions from the validated questionnaire in the Longitudinal Analysis of Nursing Education project were used. The questionnaire was distributed among 21 students at the first lecture in the course (the group before the course). Students who had participated in the course 1 (n = 15) and 2 (n = 13) years earlier received the questionnaire by ordinary mail (the group after the course). The current study revealed that the majority of the students used research in their daily healthcare practice. However, the extent and type of use varied. There were differences in research use between the 'before' and 'after' groups. More specifically, the students in the group responding after the course were significantly more prone to use research in practice than the students responding before the course (P = 0.01 and 0.04). An EBP course offered to master's degree students provides enhancement of evidence-based knowledge and skills, and stimulates research use in healthcare practice.

Providing Hands-on Experiences in Health Care Research to Mentor New Research Scholars.

This article describes the benefits of integrating students into a National Institutes of Health-funded research project. Research is important in all academic disciplines for increasing knowledge and determining the effectiveness of currently used interventions. Educating nursing students to read, evaluate, and use research in practice is essential for solving complex health care challenges and achieving better patient outcomes The students were involved at all levels of the research process: project development, site acquisition, recruitment of participants, data collection and analysis, and manuscript development. Interviews of the student researchers were conducted to understand the students' experience of participation in the research study. Three themes were identified: creating new knowledge is worthwhile, research is interesting and meaningful, and research can shape practice. Promoting knowledge and experience by involving students in research projects can create a bridge to the development of evidence-based practice.

Evaluating research for use in practice: what criteria do specialist nurses use?

This paper reports a study identifying the criteria chosen by nurses to evaluate whether to use research in practice. This work is part of a larger project on the process of research use by nurses. Prescriptive models of research utilization direct practitioners to evaluate a range of criteria to assess the fit of the research to current practice. Criteria relating to the research, task and nursing context are specified, but it is not known whether nurses use these criteria in practice. Three different groups of nurse specialists from a number of health care providers in the North West of England were studied. The specialists were involved in a series of meetings at a local university to construct evidence-based policy recommendations for practice. The discussion was analysed to identify the evaluation criteria they used to assess what should be done in the practical setting. Three sets of evaluative criteria were identified relating to the research, the task and the fit of the task with the nursing context, and included relevance and quality of the research, effectiveness, practicality, effort and the impact of the task on client and staff, feasibility and fit with the status quo, and the availability of nursing control and feedback from practice. Criteria were domain-, task- and context-specific. Three frames of reference for decisions relating to the use of research are identified: the debate between efficiency and effectiveness in health care, the difficulties of risk management and the responsibility for risk, and research use as a strategy for control in contested arenas. These frames of reference reflect how nurses are judged in a political and organizational context. Attempts to influence research uptake need to take into account how research is perceived and evaluated by practitioners and how it serves their purposes.

JPE—The Journal of a True Profession

The Journal of Perinatal Education (JPE) is to be admired, not just because of its new look, but because it offers a model of a professional journal that other occupational groups would do well to emulate. Childbirth educators have found a way to organize themselves that avoids the pitfalls of professionalism, and JPE reflects that attitude toward professional service. It is a journal that offers original, high-quality research, translates research for practical use, and treats its readers as whole people.

Research for practical use of rehabilitation support equipment for severe dementia

Research for practical use of rehabilitation support equipment for severe dementia

Research for practical use of ABA

Research for practical use of ABA

Evidence-based practice: an idea whose time has come

This paper defines evidence-based practice, gives a brief history of EBP, addresses nurses' current usage of research, briefly examines the need for evidence-based practice, then addresses what evidence-based practice will mean to the profession. It is concluded that at present Australian nursing is in a stage of pre-evidence-based practice in which most Australian nurses neither read research nor apply research findings to practice. However, a demand for evidence-based practice will likely encourage nurses to use research in practice. Finally, professional strategies will be developed to encourage the introduction and evaluation of evidence-based nursing practice.

HELPING STUDENTS USE RESEARCH IN THE CLINICAL SETTING

This series of articles, Managing Your Academic Career, presents ways to intentionally improve your teaching. This first article explains the concept of becoming an intention teacher. Subsequent articles will deal with strategies that are useful in clinical teaching, such as preparing students to value and use research in practice, and providing feedback to students in the clinical setting.

BECOMING AN INTENTIONAL TEACHER

This series of articles, Managing Your Academic Career, presents ways to intentionally improve your teaching. This first article explains the concept of becoming an intention teacher. Subsequent articles will deal with strategies that are useful in clinical teaching, such as preparing students to value and use research in practice, and providing feedback to students in the clinical setting.