Use Of Tractors Research Articles

Agricultural mechanisation and gendered labour activities across sectors: Micro‐evidence from multi‐country farm household data

AbstractThe gender difference in employment across sectors is a critical element of gender inequality in rural livelihoods and welfare in developing countries. The role of production technologies, including agricultural mechanisation, in addressing gender inequality is increasingly explored. Knowledge gaps remain, however, including how agricultural mechanisation differentially affects labour engagements across sectors. This study aims to partly fill these knowledge gaps through micro‐evidence from seven countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, India, Nepal and Vietnam), using several nationally representative panel data and supplementary data and applying correlated random effects double‐hurdle models with instrumental variables. We find that the use of tractors and/or combine harvesters by the household induces a greater shift from farm activities to non‐farm activities by female members than by male members. While statistical significance varies, these patterns generally hold consistently across all seven countries studied. These patterns also hold across different farm sizes. While these are short‐term relations, agricultural mechanisation proxied by tractors and/or combine harvesters is one of the crucial contributors to gendered rural livelihood. Future studies should more closely investigate these patterns' underlying mechanisms and implications.

PRODUCTION AND SALES PROBLEMS IN THE COUNTRY'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND THEIR SOLUTION DIRECTIONS

The purpose of the research - is to investigate the problems encountered in improving the methods of production and sale of agricultural products in the Republic of Azerbaijan, identify obstacles and propose strategic solutions. The methodology of the research - mixed methods including interviews, surveys, and data analysis are used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of agricultural production and marketing. The practical importance of the research - it provides valuable insights for policymakers, farmers and stakeholders to overcome challenges, improve efficiency and support sustainable development in the agricultural sector of Azerbaijan. The results of the research - the study expects to demonstrate significant increases in crop yields and resource efficiency with the introduction of precision farming technologies. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - this study contributes to the field by providing specific insights into the practical applications of precision farming technologies in a context where resource optimization is important, specifically targeting smallholder farms. The innovative use of GPS-guided tractors and sensors in the smallholder context adds a new dimension to precision agriculture research, addressing scalability and resource constraints for wider application.

Assessment of unutilized woody biomass energy and the cost and greenhouse gas emissions of woody biomass power plants in Hokkaido, Japan

With the adoption of the Paris Agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties organized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2015, many countries agreed to increase their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The introduction of renewable energy is expected to reduce emissions in the electricity and heat use sectors, where emissions are particularly high. Among renewable energies, woody biomass energy is attracting attention as a stable, largescale source of power; however, this energy source must be used sustainably because it originates from forests, which also absorb CO2. In Japan, the quantity of power generated using woody biomass energy is increasing each year, but only a small percentage of the woody feedstock is derived from domestic sources. In this study, we estimated the unutilized woody biomass energy potential in Hokkaido, Japan, then modeled the GHG emissions and costs of using woody biomass in a large-scale woody biomass power plant. Both costs and GHG emissions increased as increasing proportions of unutilized wood were used as feedstock. Compared with the cost per unit of electricity generated for a woody biomass power plant in Japan (29.8 JPY·kWh-1), the cost of using only unutilized wood was estimated to be 38.6–127 JPY·kWh-1. Assuming that woody biomass energy is not carbon-neutral, the GHG emissions generated by wood combustion were 1.30–1.41 kg-CO2 eq·kWh-1, which were larger than the GHG emissions from coal-fired power plants. For unutilized thinned lumber and forest residues, the costs per unit of heat value and the GHG emissions associated with the use of tractors for lumber collection were higher than the costs and GHG emissions associated with other machinery; these costs and emissions increased along with increases in the amount of wood used. The costs per unit of heat and GHG emissions from the trucks used for transporting prunings were higher than the costs and GHG emissions of other machines. These costs increased as the collection area expanded because of the increase in the amount of woody biomass energy used.

Analisis Kualitas Fisik Tanah Pada Lahan Sawah Di Desa Bangkoor Kabupaten Sikka

Bangkoor Village is one of the rice cultivation centers in Sikka Regency. Intensive agricultural activities supported by the availability of water sources allow farmers to cultivate rice three times a year. In addition, the use of various inputs such as the use of tractors, and the application of fertilizers and pesticides continues to increase crop productivity. On the other hand, the consequences of agricultural activities will certainly have an impact on the physical quality of the soil. This study aims to determine the physical quality of paddy soil in Bangkoor Village, Sikka Regency. The research method used is a survey method and analysis in the laboratory. Soil sampling using the purposive sampling method in three hamlets, namely Hamlet Mamai, Hamlet A, and Hamlet BC. Observational variables observed were soil texture, porosity, and soil water content. Assessment of soil quality using soil physical parameters. The results showed that some of the paddy fields in Bangkoor Village had been damaged or degraded by several factors, namely (1) the weight limiting factor for soil texture classes in the soil in Mamai hamlet, A hamlet, and BC hamlet. (2)The weight limiting factor for soil porosity in the soil BC sub-village.(3) The soil water content is included in the light-moderate limiting factor in all study locations. The effort that needs to be done is the addition of organic matter to paddy fields to be able to improve these limiting factors.

Automated sprayer for processing agricultural crops

In order to successfully conduct agricultural work and obtain a competitive harvest, it is mandatory to carry out spraying operations of crops that require highly qualified personnel, expensive equipment and suitable weather conditions. The use of tractors for spraying fields is the most common solution available at the moment, has disadvantages: high cost, risk of damage to the crop by "hitting", "hooking" or otherwise; environmental damage; due to exhaust gases, the demolition of the solution increases with increasing speed. Using a device designed specifically for spraying equipment is an ideal solution. The purpose of the article is to develop a working model of an automated sprayer for processing agricultural crops. The methods used are: technical justification of a controlled device for processing agricultural crops. Calculation of functional capabilities, algorithms of operation of the proposed automated device: selection of the type of sprayer, engine, chassis, controller, battery, as well as justification of the possibilities of using alternative energy sources (wind energy, solar energy); development of a 3D model of an automation device for anti-weed processing of agricultural crops, printing of parts, assembly of mechanical and electronic parts. Making a prototype using 3D printing; development of the wiring diagram of electronics, software (firmware of the microcontroller; application that controls the settings), testing of the prototype, assembly of the current model; rationale for the optimal use of Arduino and Raspberry Pi boards in this device in a pair: Raspberry Pi will allow you to control processes on the Arduino and easily interact with the Internet when the Arduino itself will perform simple operations such as interacting with electronics and reading sensor readings. The manufactured operating model showed compliance with the goals, a high degree of controllability, environmental friendliness, reduction of energy consumed, labor resources and can be used to scale this device. The developed model of the automation device for anti-weed treatment of agricultural crops can be used not only in agricultural pollination, but also as a mechanism for studying soil parameters: humidity, mineralogical composition and chemical content in the ground, using electronic sensors, as well as an automated mobile platform for any purpose requiring accurate navigation through the territory.

Adoption of hand tractor technology in terrace farming: Evidence from the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH), Pakistan

Adoption of improved agricultural technologies can help achieve the two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of no poverty and zero hunger by 2030. This study investigates the determinants of farmers' adoption of hand tractors in the HKH region of Pakistan using binary logit model. We also examine what facilitates and what impedes the adoption of hand tractor adoption using key informant interviews. Results show that household head education, farming experience, knowledge of hand tractor use, access to credit, extension contact, and trust in technology positively affect the adoption of hand tractor; however farm size is negatively related. The findings reveal that ethnic conflicts, political conflicts, elite capture in decision making, unavailability of functional community-based entities, weak extension-farmers contact, as well as weak inter- and intra-community linkages are key barriers affecting hand tractor adoption. Similarly, observed changes on neighbors’ fields, experiencing hand tractor on trial basis, communication networks, risk observations, and trust propensities motivate hand tractor adoption in the study region. Thus, to effectively disseminate improved agricultural technologies, policymakers should consider these factors.

A Full Assistance System (FAS) for the Safe Use of the Tractor’s Foldable Rollover Protective Structure (FROPS)

The use of agricultural tractors is a major concern in agriculture safety due to the high level of risk of loss of stability combined with the frequent absence of passive safety devices such as rollover protective structures (ROPSs). Indeed, although in most cases the ROPS is installed, when working in vineyards, orchards, or in other cases of limited crop height, the tractor is usually equipped with a foldable ROPS (FROPS), which is often misused because the effort needed for raising/lowering is excessive and the locking procedure is time-consuming. Thus, the goal of this research is to investigate the problem from the ergonomics point of view, developing a support system capable of facilitating FROPS operations. The research outcome consists of the development of a retrofitted full assistance system (FAS) for lowering/raising the FROPS by means of electric actuators. Additionally, an automatic locking device (ALD) was also developed to safely and automatically lock the FROPS. Both the FAS and ALD systems were implemented following a reverse-engineering approach, while their final validation was performed by means of a real prototype tested in a laboratory. The results achieved can contribute to expanding knowledge on human-centered research to improve safety in agriculture and thus social issues of sustainable agricultural systems.

Application of multi-criteria in the selection of running systems for regional use of tractors in agriculture

The basis of the modern machine and tractor fleet of industrial and agricultural tractors are power vehicles with tracked and wheeled operating systems of various design designs. Both of these and other energy products have both their advantages and quite significant disadvantages. The article discusses the summary parametric and factorial characteristics of wheeled and tracked power vehicles used in field and transport work in the Amur region. The criteria for the formation of their traction properties, ways to reduce slipping, reduce the load of the machine-tractor unit on the soil, and the use of agricultural machinery during waterlogging are analysed. The results of a study on the use of mobile energy means in waterlogged conditions during the cultivation of agricultural crops, where their main advantages and disadvantages are reflected, the directions of choosing an energy means for use in agricultural production technologies are substantiated. It has been established that the use of tracked power vehicles with high traction properties, when aggregated with wide-reach machines in the fields of the region, will be more effective during periods of work when there is a large precipitation. At the same time, wheel energy means will also be in demand in the natural and climatic conditions of the Amur region as the most versatile structurally suitable means for performing most agricultural field operations as part of a tractor-transport unit. In this connection, the expediency of equipping the production and industrial complex and means of mechanisation of farms and agricultural enterprises of the region with energy means with various running systems in accordance with the used and scientifically based regional system of machines and technologies is justified.

ВХІДНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ СПОЖИВЧИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТРАКТОРІВ НА ВТОРИННОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the use of secondary market tractors due to the improvement of the technological process of their input control. In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved: the methodological foundations of the incoming quality control of tractors on the secondary market were justified; the proposed algorithm of the technological process of the input quality control of the tractor on the secondary market with the determination of the main functional, ergonomic and traction-energy indicators was implemented in practice. Research methods. Materials and initial data for research became the basis of qualitative assessment of tractors, taking into account the specific features of the development of the secondary market of tractors. Research methods consisted in studying, analyzing, comparing, summarizing and evaluating data regarding the results of determining the consumer properties of tractors under their operating conditions. The results of the study. The secondary market of tractors in Ukraine is in the stage of formation, during which it is evaluated, first of all, their efficiency, which characterizes not only the ability to work (perform the necessary functions), but also to comply with regulatory and technical and design documentation. Currently, used general-purpose tractors of the «KhTZ-170», «MTZ-80» and «John Deere» series 8R tractors are sold in Ukraine, during the purchase of which their operability is predicted in the presence of damage that manifests itself in a violation of the tractor’s serviceability while preserving its operability. Based on the results of research and the experience of other countries, the need to introduce a separate legal act in Ukraine, which would regulate the requirements and procedures for assessing compliance for single samples used, as well as independently assembled is substantiated. Conclusion. An important direction of improving the technical equipment of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, as well as the loading of repair and other agricultural service enterprises, is the development and effective functioning of the secondary market of tractors and agricultural machines, which will allow speeding up and improving the quantitative and qualitative composition of the machine-tractor fleet. At the same time, one of the main elements in the system of improving the quality of agricultural machinery is the proper organization of incoming control of these products on the secondary market. The issue of commissioning (registration) of tractors purchased on the secondary market is currently not finally settled in Ukraine and requires the development of a separate legal act. Key words: tractor, consumer properties, secondary market, input control, measuring equipment, performance forecasting, and tractor registration.

Environmental impacts of using electric tow trucks

The article quantifies the emissions-related impacts of introducing battery-powered tractors for aircraft handling. It outlines various scenarios based on the extent of tractor utilization and compares emissions produced by aircraft engines that could be saved through the use of emission-free tractors, with the amount of emissions generated during electricity production. The case study focuses on the Czech Republic's environment and Václav Havel Airport Prague.

Mobilni robot za praćenje drveća parka - projektovanje i modeliranje

One of the modern problems in the field of ecology is the creation of environmentally friendly equipment for monitoring and maintaining trees in parks and forests. The traditional use of forest machines and self-propelled tractors with internal combustion engines has a negative impact on the environment as a result of pollutant emissions, i.e., combustion products and fuel residues. An alternative to this tradition can be the use of mobile robots with remote control of their electric drives when performing such technological operations as pruning bacterial growths of trees and diagnosing the state of tree massifs. The article proposes a fundamentally new mobile robot design for monitoring park trees. The main differences between the robot are the new designs of the body and the walking mechanisms of the mobile robot. These design differences provide the robot with high maneuverability when choosing the path of movement along the tree trunk and reliable holding of the robot body on the tree at a sufficient movement speed to perform diagnostics of the state of tree massifs. The article also describes the dynamic models of the movement of a mobile robot along a tree trunk. It presents the simulation results in the form of graph-analytical dependencies of the robot parameters, which constitutes the scientific aspect of the problem. The main motivation of the conducted research is the creation of environmentally friendly equipment in the form of a mobile robot with a reliable system of retention on the surface moving and sufficient performance to perform park tree monitoring operations.

Wheeled tractor equipped with a mechanism for changing the ground clearance

In accordance with the agricultural row-crops cultivation practices adopted in the Central Asian region, machine-tractor units carry out a large number of passes through the field during the growing season. Consequently, individual sections of the fields are repeatedly affected by the running systems of these machines, which negatively affects soil fertility. The universal row-crop tractors used in cotton production have two types of wheel arrangements: 3W2 and 4W2. Consequently, these arrangements have different natures and magnitude of impact on the soil. Despite a number of advantages of 4-wheeled tractors due to insufficient agrotechnical clearance under the front and rear axles beam, they are not used for inter-row cotton cultivation. Mechanisms including a stepless change in ground clearance, both for the front and rear axles of a 4-wheeled tractor, eliminate these disadvantages and thereby expand the possibilities of their use. The use of a 4-wheeled tractor in field and transport operations has shown that the most loaded parts in the developed mechanism for changing the clearance of the rear axle are rolling supports of the cage on the casing of the rear axle of the tractor.

Mechanization by Hand Tractor for Research in 30 Genotypes of Sweet Potato Originating from Indonesia (Lampung, Bogor) and Japan

The farmer used to plow by cow and hoe to cultivate paddy and continued by sweet potato after harvesting paddy without land preparation (Zero tillage), and also the seed quality of sweet potato was not best. The most suitable clones of sweet potato in Lampung, Indonesia were not found yet. This research onsweet potato cultivation was carried out using a hand tractor in land preparation for 30 genotypes of sweet potato that originated from Central Lampung, Japan, and Bogor, Indonesia. The method used was a randomized block design with two repetitions. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by demonstrating that the use of hand tractors for land preparation in experimental fields is not only effective but also expedient compared to the use of a man-hoe as a power source, particularly for sweet potato cultivation. The mean tuberous production among the 30 clones examined was 21,978 kg/ha. L-11-2 exhibited the highest value of 32,947 kg/ha, whereas Naeshirazu recorded the lowest at 11,378 kg/ha. Genjah Sawo achieved the highest starch yield of 6,191 kg/ha, while TK achieved 6,307 kg/ha. BIS 39-15 recorded the lowest starch yield of 1,097 kg/ha. A hand tractor facilitates a more consistent distribution of fertilizer, potentially leading to greater harvests of sweet potatoes compared to the use of a hoe. In conjunction with TK, the elevated starch concentration found in Japanese sweet potatoes made them suitable for application in the starch sector and alcohol manufacturing facilities. Weevil infestation results in the destruction of sweet potato harvests.

Оновлення тракторного парку Полтавської області, аналіз та перспективи

The purpose of the study is to improve the organizational and technical mechanisms for updating the tractor fleet of enterprises and individuals of the Poltava region, taking into account modern trends and transformations of the region's economy, caused by the state of war. The initial data for the study are the characteristics of purchased and registered tractors from 2018 to 2023, which are reflected in the single register for keeping automated records of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the head office of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region. We include the following characteristics among the investigated factors: 1. The year of registration of tractors in the unified register of automated accounting of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the Main Department of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region. 2. Entities registering tractor equipment are classified by groups: private individuals; farms, enterprises engaged in other economic activities. In the Poltava region from 2018 to 2021, there is a clear tendency of the generalized trend towards a stable increase in the number of purchased equipment for all three selected research groups. The beginning of military events led to a sharp – more than twofold – reduction of purchased and registered tractors and tractor equipment. The dynamics of the ratio of the use of foreign tractors and tractors of domestic production is no less a painful topic for Ukraine. In addition, the indicators of 2022 and 2023 have a negative trend towards a significant relative increase in the tractor market of the Poltava region of foreign-made tractors. The number of foreign tractor models in 2022 and most of 2023 exceeded the registration of domestically produced tractors by almost three times. To improve this situation, machine-building enterprises are recommended to master new tractor-building technologies, taking into account the experience of the world's leading manufacturers.

Uji Kinerja Pengolahan Traktor Roda Empat Model At 5470 Dengan Bajak Piring (Disk Plow) Pada Tanah Dilahan Percobaan BPTP Sumatera Barat

The use of tractors as a source of propulsion in land cultivation for agriculture is expected to ease the work of farmers and speed up the processing time of the land. This study tested the performance of the Iseki AT 5470 4-wheel tractor using a disk plow on dry soil in the pilot land of the West Sumatra AIAT. The 4-wheel tractor test was carried out on land with a size of 20 X 10 meters. The plowing pattern used in the study was a plow pattern from the edge. The measurement of the width of the plow using the plow implement was 1 meter and the depth of the plow was 15.7 cm. The efficiency of the tractor was 69.63% with fuel consumption of 6.5 liters. The low efficiency of the tractor is due to the processing area being too small, so there are many turns that waste a lot of time during testing

Determinants of Maize Production and Its Supply Response in Kenya

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an essential crop in Kenya and its production has a direct implication on food and economic security. However, in Kenya, there is a gap between what is being produced and what is being consumed. This gap is growing and, hence, remains a policy concern. Under this backdrop, this study aimed to estimate thecombined contribution of maize area harvested, expenditure on fertilizers,number of tractors used, and maize seed quantity to national maize productionin Kenya using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Nerlove Model. The findings indicate that maize production in Kenya is negatively associated with maize area harvested, expenditure on fertilizers, and the number of tractors used. However, there is a positive relationship between maize production and maize seed quantity. The response of maize production depicted that the price of maize in the previous period determined the production levels in the current period positively; however, as we move further away, the price level in the fourth period depicted a negative relationship. This study recommended that the government provide an adequate quantity of maize seeds to boost maize production. It also recommended that farmers be educated on the proper use of fertilizers and the optimum use of tractors and land. Furthermore, the government needs to ensure a favorable and stable price for farmers to contribute to increased maize production.

The use of modelling to determine the limiting conditions for resuming soil loading by tractor in an area of sugar cane under reduced tillage

The marked growth of the sugar and alcohol sector has promoted an increase in the fleet of heavy agricultural vehicles to meet the demand for commodities; however, the intense traffic of machines in areas of insufficient soil moisture has resulted in compaction, compromising the productivity of the sugar cane. In order to determine the optimal conditions for resuming the use of tractors under a reduced tillage system, the bearing capacity was evaluated and stress distribution was modelled in a dystroferric Red Latosol cultivated with sugar cane. Soil sampling was carried out during the first ratoon crop at 120 days, using metallic cylinders installed at a depth of 0.05 m in the crop rows and 0.15 m between rows. The samples were submitted to the uniaxial compression test to determine the preconsolidation pressure of the soil. The reduced tillage gave the lowest bearing capacity at the soil surface (0.05 m), while the highest values ​​were found at a depth of 0.15 m. The bearing capacity proved to be an efficient indicator for analysing the structural degradation of the soil by demonstrating the compressibility of the various layers and sampling positions resulting from reduced tillage and the impact of agricultural machines in the field. The prediction model for traction and soil stress distribution that was employed was able to predict the optimal performance of the tractor, and provide stress data that would allow a study of the limiting water content for the traffic of agricultural tyre tractors.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION BY THE RICE FARMERS IN THE SOUTH-WEST REGION OF BANGLADESH

Modern technology adoption usually leads to an increase in agricultural productivity. The rate of this technology adoption might vary depending on diverse agro-economic and socio-political factors. This study attempts to scrutinize the pattern and level of technology adoption by the rice farmers in the south-west region of Bangladesh. Descriptive and inferential analytical techniques are applied using cross-sectional data collected from randomly selected 120 rice-producing farmers in the south-west region of Bangladesh using a pre-tested interview questionnaire. The surveyed farmers have more than 23 years of farming experience on average. Study findings indicate that around 87 percent of the farming households have adopted modern technologies in terms of improved seed, irrigation management, and chemical fertilizer use in the study area. The ratio decreases to around 60 percent if the adoption of harvesting technology is considered. The farmers are lagging far behind to adopt mechanization in the land preparation phase in terms of tractor use. The technology adopter farmers observe that their intensity of technology adoption has increased over the time period. The study findings exhibit that the intensity of technology adoption is higher for the farmers who have better credit access and have engagement in the farmers’ group compared to others. Moreover, farmers who have received farm management training adopt modern technology more intensively than other farmers. This study identifies the backwardness of harvesting and land preparation phases in terms of technology adoption. It also finds that socio-economic circumstances and institutional issues trigger technology adoption decisions.

Productivity and Working Time Structure of Timber Forwarding in Flatland Thinned Pine Stand with the Use of Farm Tractors

Farm tractors are very popular in Poland and other European countries. When coupled with trailers equipped with a crane with a grapple, they are also used, especially in easily accessible, flat terrain, for timber forwarding in the CTL (Cut-to-Length) method. A comparative analysis of working time and productivity was performed on two forwarding units, consisting of a farm tractor Ursus and a Farma trailer with the load capacity of 6 tons, as well as a farm tractor Valtra Valmet and a Palms trailer with the capacity of 9 tons, which forwarded wood in a mature pine stand. An analysis was done for 64 work cycles with an average load volume of 2.1 m3 for the former unit, and 36 cycles with an average load volume of 7.9 m3 for the latter. The working time structure of both units was similar. During work, tractor operators spent most time, i.e. over 35%, loading the timber, then travelling with the load and unloading. The lowest share in the work cycle, around 5%, belonged to travelling without a load and forwarding. The average forwarding time for the Farma unit amounted to 33 minutes and was about twice shorter than that for the Palms unit, amounting to 64 minutes. The distance covered during loaded travel was the only factor that had a significant influence on the duration of forwarding cycles. The coefficients of correlation between these variables were 0.56–0.76. The net productivity obtained in the operating time of the Palms unit was 7.5 m3×PMH-1 and was almost twice as high as that of the Farma unit, i.e. 3.8 m3×PMH-1. For both units multiple regression models were developed, in which forwarding cycles productivity is calculated based on the volume of the transported load and the distance of loaded travel.

Traktör İlişkili Ölümler (Devrilme, Düşme, Kaza, Yıldırım Çarpması)

Objective: Tractor-related accidents are more common than other agricultural vehicles. Tractor overturning is one of the major risk factors for farmers. In this study, it was aimed to discuss the sociodemographic characteristics, autopsy findings, the cause of death and measures to be taken of the tractor-related deaths with literatüre.Material and Methods: In this study, reports of tractor-related deaths were investigated retrospectively in cases where an autopsy was performed in the Morgue Department of Istanbul Council of Forensic Medicine between 2008 and 2012.Results: It was determined that 42 (0.2%) of 20,559 cases who were autopsied in Istanbul between 2008-2012 were tractor-related deaths. Thirty-eight (90.5%) of the cases were male and four cases (9.5%) were female. The average age was 44.54 ± 20.66 (min: 2, max: 80) with the most common death occurring at 60 years and above. Twenty-six (61.9%) of the cases were drivers. The most common death occurred in July and November (n: 7, 16.6%). The death occurred due to tractor overturns in 50% of the cases (n: 21), whereas the reason for death was falling from the tractor in 31% (n=13), traffic accident in 7.1% (n=3), run-over in 7.1% (n=3) and lightning strikes in 4.8% (n=2).Conclusion: In the prevention of tractor-related deaths, is necessary to prohibit the use of tractors as a means of transport and increase the use of seat belts and roll-over protective structures (ROPS) in all tractors.