Use Of Touchscreen Research Articles

Associations between touchscreen exposure and hot and cool inhibitory control in 10-month-old infants

Touchscreen use amongst young children has proliferated in recent years, yet little is known about the association between daily touchscreen exposure and inhibitory control in the first year of life. Previous research has found a negative association between the amount of television viewing and inhibitory control in early childhood, but it is unclear whether negative associations with screen use extend to touchscreens. The current study presents an exploratory analysis of the cross-sectional associations between inhibitory control and the amount of touchscreen use amongst 10-month-olds (n = 128–156). Touchscreen exposure was assessed via parent-report. In order to include a range of “hot” and “cool” aspects of inhibitory control, these skills were assessed using lab-based response inhibition and prohibition tasks as well as parent-reported observations of infants’ inhibitory control abilities and broader regulatory behaviors. A “Cognitive Executive Function (EEFQ-CEF)” score (encompassing Inhibitory Control, Flexibility, and Working Memory items) was included as a secondary broader executive function construct to examine whether effects showed specificity to inhibitory control rather than executive functions more generally. Correlation analyses indicated no association between touchscreen exposure and the four indices of IC. However, a positive association was found for the amount of touchscreen exposure and EEFQ-CEF once accounting for sociodemographic variables. The implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.

기술융합 미디어아트를 위한 3D 터치스크린 제작법에 관한 연구

This study began with the author’s interest since the introduction of touchscreens using TOF cameras published in Siggraph 2005. Since the release of the “Khronos Projector” project in 2005, research and use of touchscreens using TOF cameras has continued to increase. However, hardware development such as thinning the screen and using infrared cameras instead of TOF cameras has been the mainstream of camera-based touchscreen research, and no further research has been conducted until recently to show the scalability of the production until recently. In this background, the purpose of this study is to enable new production by using a depth camera enabled touchscreen (hereinafter FTIR screen). Therefore, this paper paid attention to the 3D touch announced by “Apple” company and implemented research that applies this technology to FTIR screens.<BR> The 3D touch conducted in this study was implemented using the characteristics that the depth of touch and it’s surrounding area changes depending on the force exerted on the cloth screen. The contents and results of the study to utilize these features are as follows.<BR> Firstly, the author conducted research on depth cameras, fabrics and beam projectors.<BR> Secondly, he developed a software that tracks the position of touch along with the depth change of it’s surrounding area using a depth camera.<BR> Thirdly, a 3D touch function was tested using the software developed above with screens made by ourselves.<BR> Fourthly, it was used to produce technology-converged artworks using screens developed in this study. It was confirmed that the screen developed in this study worked stably as it was used for various art works in a total of three exhibitions. Based on these research results, the author will be studying on the use of FTIR screens and force exerted; therefore, foreseeing more diverse artworks using such methods in the future.

Do touchscreens make intelligent personal assistants more usable? An initial usability study

Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) have gained in popularity over the last decade. However, while the devices have been adopted in over a quarter of US households, users often fail to engage with the devices regularly once the initial novelty use wears off and users fail to find new and useful ways in which to interact with the devices. One way companies improve both the usability of the devices and a user’s conceptual model of what an IPA is capable of is through the use of built-in touchscreen displays which can offer passive suggestions to users, increasing knowledge of available features and interactions. We compared two standalone IPAs to test if including a touchscreen on the device improved usability and perceived usefulness. Results indicate that touchscreen displays do not necessarily improve the usability, perceived usefulness, or perceived task effectiveness of an IPA device.

How pedagogical relations in early years settings are reconfigured by interactive touchscreens

AbstractWhile interactive touchscreens are currently entering into educational practice, little is known about what this means for learning in early childhood and, in particular, how touchscreens shape action and communication. In this paper, we examine the interactions of 2‐year‐olds and their teachers in a multilingual preschool in Sweden. We analyse the communicative environment between the children, teachers and shared touchscreens and books in the context of reading. A mixed‐methods analysis was used, taking a concept of action that includes both verbal, non‐verbal utterances and digital touch. The analysis shows a reconfiguration to the interactional dynamic where children perform comparable amounts of actions in sessions with the touchscreen and book reading but less talk during the touchscreen sessions. However, while talking less, children display other types of communicative actions. We analyse the changing interactional dynamic that follows, its implications to learning and early childhood pedagogical practice and how interaction can be reconceptualised as cycles of communication and action in which educational scaffolding unfolds. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Touchscreens are a significant part of children's lives and educational curricula. There is considerable uncertainty on how touchscreens can be incorporated into early childhood education. Little is known about how educational social interaction changes with touchscreens such as iPads. What this paper adds A mixed methods multimodal analysis of the changing actions and dynamics of iPads as compared with bookreading. Children's patterns of communication change towards less talk and more bodily communication, while teachers’ actions remain somewhat similar. Touch actions change the dynamics of interaction, can alter the pedagogical situation and bring a reconceptualisation towards a cyclical and embodied view of interaction. Implications for practice and/or policy New patterns of action may require a recalibration of educational practices. Teachers need to attend to new sets of touch actions that children use to communicate and act with as displays of knowledge. The use of touch screens should be seen as complementary to established practices of language and literacy training (such as book reading) rather than replacing them.

Modelling disease transmission from touchscreen user interfaces.

The extensive use of touchscreens for all manner of human–computer interactions has made them plausible instruments of touch-mediated disease transmission. To that end, we employ stochastic simulations to model human–fomite interaction with a distinct focus on touchscreen interfaces. The timings and frequency of interactions from within a closed population of infectious and susceptible individuals was modelled using a queuing network. A pseudo-reproductive number R was used to compare outcomes under various parameter conditions. We then apply the simulation to a specific real-world scenario; namely that of airport self-check-in and baggage drop. A counterintuitive result was that R decreased with increased touch rates required for touchscreen interaction. Additionally, as one of few parameters to be controlled, the rate of cleaning/disinfecting screens plays an essential role in mitigating R, though alternative technological strategies could prove more effective. The simulation model developed provides a foundation for future advances in more sophisticated fomite disease-transmission modelling.

Grab it or not? Measuring avoidance of spiders with touchscreen-based hand movements

Background and objectivesPrevious studies have shown that humans, particularly those with high levels of spider fear, show automatic avoidance of spiders. However, most tasks used in these studies employ symbolic approach-avoidance movements instead of naturalistic movements. MethodsThe current study employed a touchscreen-based approach-avoidance task in which 86 female participants made hand and arm movements that mimic the real-life touching, grasping, and moving of spiders. Using a large touchscreen, they had to reach for pictures of spiders and neutral objects (leaves), touch them, and drag them either away from themselves or towards themselves. To draw attention to stimulus content, pictures of butterflies were used in additional NoGo trials, they required participants to not move their hand. ResultsAvoidance of spiders was observed in both the pre-movement times (time to lift the hand from a starting position) and the grabbing times (time to reach the picture), and this avoidance was larger for more spider-fearful participants. The dragging times (time to swipe the picture), however, revealed a relative spider-approach tendency: Compared to leaves, participants were faster to drag spiders closer than to swipe them away. LimitationsWe discuss potential reasons for this mixed pattern of results, including the low reliability of the dragging times. ConclusionsWe recommend the use of touchscreens for the assessment of approach-avoidance tendencies, and we suggest avenues for further research.

Drawing in nonhuman primates: What we know and what remains to be investigated.

For over a century now, a number of researchers have explored the evolutionary emergence of mark-making and drawing behaviors through studies in monkeys and apes, and particularly in chimpanzees. Their observations and results remain relevant to this day and underline the interest of this question and the questions that remain to be answered. The present review begins by retracing the historical timeline of this specific and challenging topic from the earliest anecdotal evidence to the first systematic studies in the 1930s. We then describe how the research became more empirical through the use of stimulus figures, the examination of color choices, or even exploring outline-making processes. We discuss the use of touch screens in the 1990s, which enriched our knowledge by providing an opportunity for data collection and innovative analysis. Finally, we underline several key points that are of importance for future investigations into the mark-making process in nonhuman primates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract No. 565 Smartphone and web-based interventional radiology case logging system to facilitate recording of procedures performed by interventional radiology residents

The integrated and independent IR residency programs require the tracking and reporting of procedure volumes for both reporting to the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Radiology for both program and trainee certification. The Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and Association of Program Directors in Interventional Radiology (APDIR) have formalized the case tracking process to in the form of a templated electronic spreadsheet to aid in collecting this data. Despite the ability to capture all pertinent information, data entry can be time consuming, though much of the data necessary to populate a case log already exists in a structured format within the Picture Archive and Communications System (PACS). Previous efforts have been made to develop mobile and web applications within interventional radiology (IR) to facilitate peer-review data entry during morning rounds. This study aims to compare conventional case logging in the current approved APDIR spreadsheet with a novel responsive web application case logging system integrated to PACS. A responsive web application optimized for both desktop and touch screen use was created to facilitate logging of cases. The application connects to our institutional PACS via standard DICOM networking protocols to populate a list of recent cases and their associated metadata. Two IR residents accessed the case logging app and used it to log their 25 most recent cases, recording the number of screen taps and keystrokes. They then logged the same 25 cases on the SIR-APDIR approved IR resident spreadsheet, recording keystrokes and mouse clicks. There was a significant difference in the manual logging of cases in the SIR-APDIR spreadsheet versus keystroke logging of cases via the web-based smartphone app, with an average of 89.9 keystrokes (± 9.5) versus 21.3 keystrokes (± 6.4), respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, there was a significant difference in mouse clicks and screen taps between the spreadsheet case logging and the smartphone app, with an average of 8.3 screen clicks (± 0.9) versus an average of 5.7 screen taps (± 0.7), respectively (P < 0.001). The smartphone-based case logging app required fewer screen clicks and keystrokes than the approved APDIR spreadsheet, resulting in less time spent logging cases. This novel web-based app may serve as a model for other programs to develop similar tools, integrating with PACS using industry standard protocols. A web-based smartphone app may provide a means to facilitate increased case logging adherence throughout the IR residency, providing a more accurate snapshot of procedural experience gained.

Acquisition of a Joystick-Operated Video Task by Pigs (Sus scrofa).

The ability of two Panepinto micro pigs and two Yorkshire pigs (Sus scrofa) to acquire a joystick-operated video-game task was investigated. Subjects were trained to manipulate a joystick that controlled movement of a cursor displayed on a computer monitor. The pigs were required to move the cursor to make contact with three-, two-, or one-walled targets randomly allocated for position on the monitor, and a reward was provided if the cursor collided with a target. The video-task acquisition required conceptual understanding of the task, as well as skilled motor performance. Terminal performance revealed that all pigs were significantly above chance on first attempts to contact one-walled targets (p < 0.05). These results indicate that despite dexterity and visual constraints, pigs have the capacity to acquire a joystick-operated video-game task. Limitations in the joystick methodology suggest that future studies of the cognitive capacities of pigs and other domestic species may benefit from the use of touchscreens or other advanced computer-interfaced technology.

Effect of Age on the Touchscreen Manipulation Ability of Community-Dwelling Adults.

Assessment of touchscreen manipulation skills is essential for determining the abilities of older individuals and the extent to which they may benefit from this technology as a means to enhance participation, self-esteem, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the touchscreen manipulation ability between community-dwelling older adults and middle-aged adults using a newly developed Touchscreen Assessment Tool (TATOO) and to determine the usability of this instrument. Convenience samples of two age groups were considered, one including 28 independent community-living older adults aged 81.9 ± 4.2 years with intact or corrected vision and with the abilities to walk independently with or without a walking aid and to understand and follow simple commands, and the other including 25 healthy middle-age adults aged 53.4 ± 5.9 years. The usability assessment was conducted during a single session using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Older adults demonstrated poorer touchscreen skills compared to middle-aged adults. Previous experience in manipulating a smartphone by the older adults did not affect their performance. The SUS results indicated good usability of the TATOO by both age groups. The TATOO shows promise as a user-friendly tool for assessing the specific skills needed to operate touchscreens. The outcomes of this study support the suitability of touchscreen devices and applications as well as the need for adapted accessibility for older adults. Researchers and clinicians will benefit from the availability of a rapid, low-cost, and objective tool to assess the skills required for touchscreen use.

Longitudinal touchscreen use across early development is associated with faster exogenous and reduced endogenous attention control

Childhood screen time is associated with both attentional difficulties (for television viewing) and benefits (in action video gamers), but few studies have investigated today’s pervasive touchscreen devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets), which combine salient features, interactive content, and accessibility from toddlerhood (a peak period of cognitive development). We tested exogenous and endogenous attention, following forty children who were stable high (HU) or low (LU) touchscreen users from toddlerhood to pre-school. HUs were slower to disengage attention, relative to their faster baseline orienting ability. In an infant anti-saccade task, HUs displayed more of a corrective strategy of orienting faster to distractors before anticipating the target. Results suggest that long-term high exposure to touchscreen devices is associated with faster exogenous attention and concomitant decreases in endogenous attention control. Future work is required to demonstrate causality, dissociate variants of use, and investigate how attention behaviours found in screen-based contexts translate to real-world settings.

Design of a Framework for Professional Development Programs for Teachers in the Use of Interactive Touch Screen

Interactive Touch Screens (ITSs) are distributed in selected schools in Sri Lanka. Although, in these schools, selected teachers are trained on the use of the ITS, comprehensive training on the instructional strategies of ITS is yet to be provided. The objective of the study was to design and develop a framework for professional development programme (PDP) for teachers on the use of ITS. The sample of 31 teachers of an educational zone in the Colombo district was selected to test the methodology. Instruments for quantitative data collection were six scales and to collect qualitative data open-ended questions were used. Design Based Research (DBR) approach was made to evaluate the new methodology. DBR approach is characterized by analysis of the problem domain, design of the solution (intervention), iterative cycles of testing and refining the solution and finally reflecting on the whole process to arrive at design principles and inventing the solution. Intervention of this study was in terms of two professional development programmes on the integration of ITS in instruction. The results of the first intervention are presented in this paper. Analysis of data formed the feedback to design the revised PDP. The results of the study are the feedback to the proposed revisions to the next PDP. The feedback was to increase the time allocation of the PDP, provide more hands-on experience, demonstrate ITS-based instructional strategies related to different subject areas and conduct separate PDPs for non-ICT teachers.

Bio-WTiP: Biology lesson in handheld augmented reality application using tangible interaction

Augmented Reality (AR) is a combination of objects of both real and virtual that partially merged into a single environment. In the education field, the process of teaching and learning can be more interesting with the engagement of AR as aided learning tools during classes. However, the remaining problems are, Biology was one of the subjects that hard for students to easily understand such as learning water transport in the plant. The use of touchscreen in handheld interaction is limited due to screen size for user to use in handheld AR interaction for 3D object manipulation. Therefore, this project aims to develop a Biology lesson handheld AR application using tangible interaction (Bio-WTiP AR). There are three phases that have been carried out, which are AR feature-based tracking, integrate Biology application with tangible interaction in handheld AR and evaluation. The testing and evaluation have been performed based on usability and user acceptance. The results show the application has been accepted by the users as the users found it is interesting to learn the process of water transport in the plant on hand. Based on the results, this project has successfully produced a Bio-WTiP application that can enhance the users learning process at once gave users experience in AR.

Effects of control-to-display gain and operation precision requirement on touchscreen operations in vibration environments

Touchscreen has gained increasing popularity. However, little is known about touchscreen use in vibration environments. This study aimed to examine the effects of control-to-display gain (GAIN) and operation precision requirement on touchscreen operations in varied vibration environments. Twenty participants attended an experiment where they were instructed to perform three types of basic touchscreen operation tasks in static, low vibration, and high vibration environments, respectively. Five GAINs (0.75, 1, 2, 3 and 4) and three operation precision requirements (90%, 95%, and 99%) were examined. The results indicated that vibration exerted adverse effects on task performance, and increased perceived workload, perceived task difficulty and discomfort. Task completion time showed a U-shaped curve as GAIN increased. Lowering operation precision requirement improved task performance and reduced perceived workload, especially in vibration environments and at larger GAINs. The findings provide practical implications on the design of usable touchscreen interfaces in vibration environments.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART RESTAURANT

ABSTRACT With the advancement of technology, the field of restaurants and hotels are also needed to be updated in order to make serving quicker and more efficient. Use of smartphones and interface interactive touch screens has completely changed the scenario. They have replaced the traditional working of restaurant. Customers can order their meal through tablets or smartphones and the order is directly sent to the kitchen via a central server. Data in the form of customer’s records are permanently saved in the central server which can be used in future for marketing, accounts and sales purposes. The technique used here comprises of a Bluetooth connection available at the restaurant, on being connected it displays a menu card on the smart phone screen. It can be used to place order using a mobile application. A coordinate follower robot is used which will deliver the ordered meal to their respected customers. And, the Radio Frequency technology will guide the robot to the customer who has ordered the meal. Keywords: Arduino, Bluetooth, NRF, Robot Waiter Cite this Article: Gitanjali Srivastava, Kritika Sachan, Jasika Ahirwar, Amisha Gangwar. Design and Implementation of Smart Restaurant International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology. 2019; 1 (1) 6–11p

P‐28: Investigating the Usability of Touchscreen Interfaces in a Turbulent Flight Deck – For Panning and Numeric Data Entry Tasks

This paper studies the use of touchscreen displays on the flight deck, focusing on the usability of touch interfaces to complete panning and numeric entry tasks. Results from this study show that the usability of a drag gesture to meet a pan function, surpasses the performance of a simple tapping interface under all turbulent conditions tested. Also, that this drag interface is more useable in an inter‐seat flight deck position, than a central one. It was also found that touchscreen interfaces can surpass the performance of the traditional mechanical dial interface for numeric data entry tasks, under all turbulent conditions tested.

A Study and Analysis of Touch Screen Technologies

The use of touch screen in our day-to-day life is always there. People without touch screen are only a few. Touch screen were built for ease of work and for saving time. It is an assistive technology. This interface can be beneficial to those that have difficulty in using other input devices such as a mouse or keyboard. When used in conjunction with software such as on-screen keyboards, or other assistive technology, they can make computing resources more available to people that have difficulty in using computers. Touch Screen is widely used and emerging technology that is sensitive to human touch, allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen. It provides a very good user interface with applications that normally require a mouse. The touch screen interface is going to revolutionize the electronic interactive devices in a big way. The purpose of this study is to analyse the various technologies used to build the touch screen and it's also helpful for the future gen those who make a study on it.

Impact of button position and touchscreen font size on healthcare device operation by older adults

In 1993, Taiwan officially became an aging society. Degradation of physiological function during aging is inevitable; visual and physical reactions are especially vulnerable. Given the popularity of electronic devices and their vigorous development in recent years, touchscreen use is now commonplace. As society ages, many people use devices to monitor their health. Some products have gradually eschewed their traditional interfaces, which have been replaced by touchscreens. Touchscreen operation and interpretation differ between older and younger populations. Here, we focus on healthcare equipment, exploring the effects of button position and touchscreen font size on operation by older people. To understand differences between older and younger people, we invited 32 people aged 18–35 years, and 32 people aged over 65 years, to participate in our experiment. Each subject tested four button positions and four font sizes, thus 16 test interfaces in all. We found that young people found no differences among the 16 interfaces, but the older group did. Larger fonts reduced operation time for older participants. At a font size of 22 pt, the older group performed as well as the young participants. When buttons were positioned at the top of the interface, the performance of the older participants improved. Overall, use of a font size of 22 pt and top-positioned buttons optimized the performance of the older participants while use of a font size of 10 pt and bottom-positioned buttons maximally degraded their performance. Our results can be used to design interfaces appropriate for older people, thus improving their autonomy.

Comparison of Muscle Activity Between Handwriting and Touchscreen Use in Younger Adults and the Elderly

Comparison of Muscle Activity Between Handwriting and Touchscreen Use in Younger Adults and the Elderly

Functional parameters, wrist posture deviations and comfort: A comparison between a computer mouse and a touch pen as input devices.

Performing common computer tasks such as pointing, clicking, and dragging requires repetitive movements that cause musculoskeletal disorders in the wrists and hands. Given the growing use of touch screens and touch pens, further studies on the ergonomics of these devices are needed. This study aimed to compare a touch pen and an ordinary computer mouse in terms of movement time, error rate, wrist posture, and comfort of use. Performance parameters (movement time and error rate), wrist postures, and comfort when using a mouse and a touch pen were measured based on ISO 9241-9 standard with the help of 27 participants. For data analysis, paired t test was performed using SPSS version 22. Using the touch pen resulted in better performance parameters than using the mouse (p < 0.05). Wrist extension and flexion were lower when performing the task with the computer mouse than with the touch pen (p < 0.05). When using the touch pen to perform the task, ulnar deviation and radial deviation were lower (p < 0.05). The overall comfort was higher when using the mouse than the touch pen. Our results showed that the touch pen had better performance parameters than the ordinary mouse and also resulted in lower ulnar and radial deviations. Given the impact of habit and proficiency on users' comfort in using input devices, it is reasonable to expect users becoming more comfortable by using touch pens on the long term.