Use Of Three-dimensional Models Research Articles

PE059 Mixed reality in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Use of three-dimensional models in preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation

PE059 Mixed reality in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Use of three-dimensional models in preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation

Methods and tools for three-dimensional cardiac modeling

This article explores the use of methods and tools for three-dimensional modeling of the heart with computer-aided design systems. The use of three-dimensional modeling in medicine is a very pressing scientific and engineering problem. The object of study of this work is the process of three-dimensional cardiac modeling with CAD, and the subject of research is methods and means of three-dimensional modeling of the heart. This publication also provides the key elements required to create a 3D computational model of the heart for biophysical modeling. The article discusses some of the difficulties that arise at various stages of developing 3D cardiac modeling. The approaches which are currently available for three-dimensional computer modeling of the heart are briefly described herein.

The Possibility of Improving the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Based on 3D-Modeling Fccording to the Results of MRI

Introduction: In oncourology it is important not only to detect prostate cancer, it is necessary to detect a tumor with a potential for death. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) before prostate biopsy is necessary to improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Purpose: To assess the feasibility of using targeted prostate biopsy based on the developed original approach of cognitive biopsy, involving the use of three-dimensional models based on MRI data. Material and methods: From 2017 to 2021, a systemic transrectal biopsy of the prostate gland was performed in 126 patients at the NMRC of Oncology, supplemented by a cognitive MRI targeted biopsy. As a control group, the study included 115 patients with traditional transrectal biopsy performed at the NMRC Oncology in 2017-2020. Before the biopsy, all patients underwent MRI. The obtained MRI data of the main group processed at the workstation, after which models of the prostate gland, the alleged tumor process, were built according to the methodology developed by us. Results: After performing a transrectal prostate biopsy on the basis of 3D models, histological results were compared with the MRI data performed on all patients before the biopsy. Among 126 patients of the main group, the changes in MRI using the PI-RADS v2.1 system distributed as follows: in 48 patients, the PI-RADS score was 3 points, in 32 — 4 points, in 46 — 5 points. Among 115 patients of the control group, the changes in MRI using the PI-RADS 2.1 system distributed as follows: in 44 patients, the PI-RADS score was 3 points, in 26 — 4 points, in 45 — 5 points. Among patients with 3 points on the PI-RADS scale who underwent biopsy using the cognitive FUSION method, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 7 patients (14.5 %), in 19 patients (59.4 %) with 4 points on PI-RADS and in 38 patients (82.6 %) with a value of PI-RADS 5. Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 4 patients (8.3 %) with 3 PI-RADS scores. Among patients with PI-RADS 4 — clinically significant prostate cancer found in 11 (34.4 %). In patients with PI-RADS 5, clinically significant prostate cancer detected in 33, which was 71.7 %. With the traditional biopsy technique, out of 115 invasive procedures, prostate cancer was detected in 41 patients (35.6 %), clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 22, which was 19.1 %. Among 44 patients of the control group with 3 points on the PI-RADS scale who underwent a traditional biopsy, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 6 patients (13.6 %), in 12 patients (59.4 %) with 4 points on PI-RADS and in 23 patients (51.1 %) with a PI-RADS value of 5. Clinically significant prostate cancer detected in 2 patients (4.5 %) with 3 PI-RADS scores. Among patients with PI-RADS 4 — clinically significant prostate cancer was found in 5 (19.2 %). In patients of the control group with PI-RADS 5, clinically significant prostate cancer detected in 15 cases, which was 33.3 %. Conclusions: Transrectal prostate biopsy using 3D modeling based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the marking of foci according to PI-RADS v2.1 makes it possible to effectively identify areas with a high probability of clinically significant cancer. The use of 3D models based on multiparametric MRI makes it possible to reasonably plan a targeted biopsy scheme and improve the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Development of a building cable routing system in Model Studio CS OPS

One of the most important stages of designing sections of low-current systems is the creation of a system of cable routes for laying cables connected to devices. Often, the development of this stage on a 2D plan without the use of three-dimensional modeling does not provide the necessary detail and informativeness, especially on sections of turns, descents, ascents, junctions and ramifications of trails. However, the creation of a complex 3D model of cablecarrying systems allows the engineer to fully work through all sections and thereby avoid further errors and inconsistencies during installation and calculation of cable structures. For the design of cable routes of any complexity in a 3D model, the Model Studio CS OPS software product offers the functionality discussed in this article.

Classification of pathological epidermization (cholesteatoma) of the middle ear NMAO

The periodicals published over the past 5 years showed that interest in the issue of surgical treatment of chronic otitis media, including one complicated by cholesteatoma, did not wane despite the large accumulated experience of schools in otosurgery around the globe. In our opinion, there are currently some significant problems of terminology in the clinical anatomy of the ear, in particular, the nomenclature of the upper floor of tympanic cavity, which negatively affects the comparison and reproducibility of the results of surgical treatment of chronic otitis media. The critical analysis of the current classification of middle ear cholesteatoma proposed in 2017 and validated in Russia in 2021 demonstrates certain difficulties in using the pathohistological term “cholesteatoma”, as well as the basic inaccuracy in defining the concept and structure of the anterior parts of the epitympanum. The work aims to develop and present a new classification of pathological middle ear epidermization (cholesteatoma), which is based on the pathophysiology of middle ear ventilation. The modern concepts on the mechanisms of middle ear ventilation reveal its important role in developing the pathological epidermization and secondary cholesteatoma. The use of three-dimensional modelling of airway ventilation makes it substantially easier to follow the pathophysiological mechanisms of development of tympanic membrane retraction. The tympanic diaphragm consists of more than 10 composite elements. Understanding the pathophysiological principles underlies the proposed classification of pathological middle ear epidermization (cholesteatoma), which is based on the prevalence of middle ear and surrounding anatomical formation injuries. The pathological process area is coded using the abbreviation of the National Medical Association of Otorhinolaryngologists. In this abbreviation, each letter corresponds to a specific anatomical region. The tympanic diaphragm represents the boundary between the regions. Each letter is assigned an index corresponding to the degree of pathological epidermization invasion into the structures of the middle ear, temporal bone and cranial cavity. The authors provide a table, which serves as a visual aid for ease of coding the diagnosis. Examples of how to formulate a diagnosis in accordance with otoscopic illustrations are given.

Prostate MRI for Improving Personalized Risk Prediction of Incontinence and Surgical Planning: The Role of Membranous Urethral Length Measurements and the Use of 3D Models.

Prostate MRI has an important role in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, including detection, the targeting of prostate biopsies, staging and guiding radiotherapy and active surveillance. However, there are other ''less well-known'' applications which are being studied and frequently used in our highly specialized medical center. In this review, we focus on two research topics that lie within the expertise of this study group: (1) anatomical parameters predicting the risk of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy, allowing more personalized shared decision-making, with special emphasis on the membranous urethral length (MUL); (2) the use of three-dimensional models to help the surgical planning. These models may be used for training, patient counselling, personalized estimation of nerve sparing and extracapsular extension and may help to achieve negative surgical margins and undetectable postoperative PSA values.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ 3D-МОДЕЛЕЙ ПРИРОДНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИЙ СЕГМЕНТ ЦИФРОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА

The article discusses the essence and characteristics of 3D modeling and the features of using 3D models of natural objects in the educational process of higher educational institutions in terms of improving the quality, accessibility and visibility of the material being studied. The goals of education are identified, the solution of which can be achieved through the use of 3D models of natural objects. The forms of creating 3D models based on the materials of photographing natural objects are systematized. The advantages of visualization and the use of three-dimensional models in 3D space from the point of view of the formation of students' spatial thinking are given. The purpose of the study: Substantiation of the introduction of the use of 3D models of natural objects in the development of digital environmental education in the training of specialists in various industries. One of the important directions related to the solution of environmental problems at the present stage is environmental education and upbringing of the younger generation. Environmental education both in the world and in Russia is today considered a priority area for teaching and educating students in higher educational institutions. Particular attention is drawn to the use of the digital segment in the educational process. The introduction of the study of 3D technologies into the main educational process in order to educate a talented young generation of Russian specialists in the field of ecology and other related specialties is a timely and very necessary process. the use of 3D models of natural objects is a current trend in modern digital education. In this case, the use of 3D models of natural objects in the educational process allows both to increase the susceptibility of biological objects for students through visualization and increased visibility, and to make the process of mastering the material more accessible and efficient. Thus, the creation of electronic resources with the inclusion of 3D models of natural objects qualitatively transforms the activities of educational institutions, which will subsequently have a positive impact on the formation of students' professional competencies.

Технологія використання тривимірних моделей місцевості в єдиному геоінформаційному середовищі Збройних Сил України

B a c k g r o u n d . The use of three-dimensional terrain modeling by commanders during their decision-making during the execution of assigned tasks will allow them to gain a tactical advantage on the battlefield. Given the current lack of a methodological foundation for justifying the methodology of constructing three-dimensional terrain models for use in the geoinformation subsystems of the Automated Control System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ACS AFU), as well as the practical absence of a modern information system for storing and publishing such data, the research objective is the development of a technology for using three-dimensional terrain models with modern geoinformation technologies to enhance decision- making efficiency during planning and the execution of tasks by military units. M e t h o d s . We employed methods such as analysis of scientific and reference literature on the research problem to determine its relevance, systematization, and generalization of scientific information, as well as a systemic analysis of current guidelines for creating and using three-dimensional terrain models in the development of technology for the placement and utilization of three-dimensional models on a geospatial portal. R e s u l t s . Considering the experiences of leading countries worldwide, contemporary approaches to organizing spatial monitoring systems, geospatial modeling tasks, and the diverse requirements posed on various components when creating a unified information space, the use of threedimensional terrain models is justified to enhance the efficiency of task execution by units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In the military sphere, three-dimensional terrain models can be applied to improve the computational tasks of artillery units, visualize defense and offensive operations, conduct combat actions in urban areas (3D modeling of buildings and structures), and create special maps with pseudo-three-dimensional representations of terrain forms, and more. C o n c l u s i o n s . The technology proposed in this work for the placement and use of three-dimensional models can be applied in the process of information filling for the components of the geospatial portal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY GEOMETRICAL FEATURES

Abstract. An examination of the traceability and dependability of the virtualisation properties is prompted by the widespread use of three-dimensional models. The challenge of obtaining accuracy indicators directly from the photogrammetric method when a reference model is missing is widely acknowledged. In this study, a robust method based on a statistical analysis of the uncertainty associated with Tie Points (TPs) is presented to provide a strict framework for the informed processing of photogrammetric survey data. In the phases of Structure estimation, Structure optimisation, and Dense Cloud generation, the key steps and variables affecting data processing are described. The workflow is then applied to a specific bronze museum finding smaller than 20 cm in size. All tie points that overcome the filtering phase are included in the procedure and for their coordinates the covariance matrix is examined. The error ellipsoid is calculated and the distribution of the lengths of the major semi-axes is analysed to calculate an appropriate tolerance interval which can be used as an indicator of the accuracy of the entire photogrammetric process. Indeed, using the tolerance intervals tool allows for the derivation of a representative indicator that can be compared with the outcomes of other photogrammetric processes while overcoming the ambiguity of statistical indicators that are not representative in the case of a non-normal distribution.

Використання графічних 3D-зображень облич для експрес-діагностування та побудови біомедичних засобів

The article discusses the use of graphic images for rapid diagnosis and the construction of biomedical software. Diagnostic features of morphological analysis of images of the human face for plastic and reconstructive operations are determined. The use of 3D images for the diagnosis of genetic diseases is considered. Recommendations for the use of three-dimensional modeling in this field have been developed. The use of morphing of 3D images of the human face for diagnostic tasks is proposed. A method of analyzing the compliance of age-related changes in the child's development with established norms based on the use of image morphing is proposed, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of express diagnosis. The main requirements for the construction of software analogs of biomedical devices using 3-D models are defined, which is the basis for the construction of computerized modern bimedical devices and systems.

Optimizing crude protein production from minute duckweed (Lemna perpusilla Torr) grown in varied NPK based medium

A suitable growth medium has to be developed to implement the potential use of minute duckweed (L. perpusilla Torr.). This tiny floating aquatic plant has been widely promoted as a source of protein. This research aims to find the optimal NPK based media for enhancing plant protein productivity. The duckweed was grown in twelve various NPK based media formulations (respectively named as Box-A to box-L, each has a surface area of 0.0945 m2), and the crude protein productivity was examined. Determination of crude protein through the total biomass nitrogen (TN) analysis was performed using the modified Salicylic acid method, which combined alkaline persulphate digestion before the absorbance measurement with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest crude protein productivity in dry weight was 18.02 mg/m2.day or estimated equal to 65.76 kg/ha/year found on the Box D (consisted of blending Terminalia catappa leaf extract as bioalgacide agent and trace elements in NPK of 100 mg/L). Meanwhile, the highest Total Nitrogen removal (98.6%) was observed on box F (mixed of NPK 100 mg/L, Terminalia catappa leaf extract, trace elements, and molasses solutions). The alternative formulation was blending NPK 300 mg/L with trace element (box L) that enable to yield of crude protein as much as 30.97 mg/m2.day or estimated equal to 113.04 kg/ha.year. These findings proved that duckweed biomass could be potentially used as a protein source material and improve water quality in aquaculture. Further, the use of three-dimensional models to demonstrate the effect of the remaining concentration of TN and TP in medium against crude protein content in the biomass was also discussed.

The use of three-dimensional models for the teaching anatomical structures in high school biology lessons

The effects on the success of students in examination by using a three-dimensional plastic model and a three-dimensional digital computer application for the teaching of the subject of "Eye anatomy" under the title of "Sensory organs" were aimed in the study. The study was conducted on the three groups of high school students (N=43). The groups were split into different laboratories for freelance work. The first group was given standard lecture notes, the second group was given 3D plastic eye models and the third group was given a 3D digital eye model application in the computer environment and they were left to work for equal periods. Pre-test and post-test achievement exams were used as data collection tools to measure the achievement levels of the students on the subject of "Eye anatomy". At the end of this study, no significant difference was found between the groups according to the results of the statistical analysis. It is assumed that the results may be related to the study habits of the students for the university entrance exam in Turkey; the characteristics of the three-dimensional models used; or the fact that only short-term memory has been tested. So, extensive research is needed considering these issues.

Perry Bar & Witton FRMS: Forge Mill flood storage area – lessons learnt

The Perry Barr and Witton Flood Risk Management Scheme in Birmingham protects over 1300 properties from a 1% annual exceedance probability flood event. A key component of the scheme is the Forge Mill flood storage area. Construction started in 2018 with the preliminary certificate signed off in spring 2022. This paper will discuss the project and share lessons learnt from the construction phase. The lessons learnt cover a variety of areas including programme considerations, use of erosion protection matting, trash screen management and use of three-dimensional models in construction.

Исследование обстоятельств выстрела с помощью метода трехмерной фотограмметрии

Introduction. A promising direction in forensic practice is the use of three-dimensional modeling of objects to establish the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. Theoretical analysis. Photographs taken during the investigation could be used as a source of information to derive a three-dimensional model. Photogrammetry is a method that allows for the automated construction of three-dimensional models from images. The main data in three-dimensional photogrammetry should be the elements of external and internal orientation, coordinates in the photograph, and spatial coordinates. Еmpirical analysis. To build a three-dimensional model, photos from the crime scene submitted for forensic firearm examination were used to determine whether the situation described by the accused, suspect, corresponded to the objective mechanism of the accident. The main stages of model building in 3D photogrammetry software Agisoft Metashape were reflected. Based on the procedural documents submitted for examination, the three-dimensional model reflected the alleged location of the shooter and the victim, and the direction of the shots from the defendant’s words, as well as the likely direction of the shots in accordance with the wound channels and the situation. Discussion of results. There are essential advantages of three-dimensional photogrammetry: it does not require expensive and complex equipment, operates with photographs obtained during the investigation, constructs the whole area of an object in the frame, and allows for synthesizing data from various sources. However, the quality of the resulting models depends on the number of photographs and compliance with the rules of measurement and panning of objects. It is also important that the researcher skilled in the use of software tools to build three-dimensional models from photographic images is able to make adjustments at each stage. Conclutions. The possibility of producing a three-dimensional reconstruction of the crime and solving problems not only within forensic firearm examination, but also those kinds, with which it can be combined, is reflected.

Development of a parametric model of a building of the educational institution in the OpenSCAD system

Not so long ago, the production of master models and prototyping was a complex and difficult process, prototypes were made by hand on the basis of complex developments and drawings. Now, with the advent of 3D technology, these processes have become much simpler and much more efficient. 3D modeling plays an important role in the life of modern society. 3D graphics are widely used in marketing, architecture, design and many other areas. 3D modeling is a limitless possibility. Three-dimensional models, animation, visualization - a generalized, but far from complete list of possibilities. 3D modeling allows you to create a prototype of a future building, a commercial product in three-dimensional format, printed on a 3D printer. The use of three-dimensional models of real objects is an unusual and interesting means of transmitting information, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of the presentation. OpenSCAD software was selected to perform the work. This open 3D modeling program allows the designer to model quite complex and accurate 3D models and parametric structures that can be easily adjusted by changing the parameters, the simulation itself is based on a program written in OpenSCAD. Therefore, the topic of the work "Development of a parametric model of a building of the educational institution in the OpenSCAD system" is relevant. The purpose of this work is to develop a parametric model of the building of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology using the OpenSCAD system.

Three-dimensional (3D) Visualization Educational Modeling for Ophthalmology Residents' Training: Viewpoints.

Background: Three-dimensional models are used to guide residents and physicians in accessing specific anatomical areas and types of fractures and better diagnosis of anomalies. These models are useful for illuminating complex anatomical areas, such as orbit, especially limited space with sensitive access. The aim of this study was to design a three-dimensional visualization educational modeling for ophthalmology residents' training. Methods: This study is a product-oriented application that uses radiological images of anatomy, anomalies, and orbital fractures based on actual CT scans of patients. These CT scans were carefully selected from the Picture Archiving and Communication System of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Results: To produce twelve 3D models, the CT scan files were converted to 3D printer output. Then, the models were presented to residents at a training session by an ophthalmologist. These models created all major fractures associated with the orbit area and most disorders, anomalies of this area and several normal anatomical. The features of 3D models were mentioned. The strengths and weaknesses of the educational modeling, the level of satisfaction with the use of three-dimensional models, suggestions and criticisms were assessed qualitatively by the residents. Satisfaction was reported 100% by residents. Suggestions for future 3D models were presented, and the only criticism was fear of exams and grades. Conclusion: Real-size 3D modeling help to understand the spatial and mental imagery of anatomy and orbital pathology and to touch different anatomical areas creates a clear image in the minds of residents, especially in the orbit.

Research on Railway Engineering Experiment Teaching Principles Based on Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching——Taking the Floating Slab Vibration Damping Track Virtual Experiment as an Example

Virtual simulation teaching is an addendum to the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering, and the two teaching methods complement each other and merge with each other. In view of the current research, there is little discussion about the integration path of the two above. Based on the connotation and design of virtual simulation teaching, this research systematically expounds the integration of the real path and path optimization problems, and puts forward the railway engineering experimental teaching principles based on virtual simulation teaching. On the basis of this research, a virtual simulation experiment platform for vibration mechanics and its application in the floating slab vibration damping track was developed to make full use of three-dimensional modeling, virtual reality, human-computer interaction and other technologies, which can realistically simulate the vibration law and vibration damping effect of the rail transit system, and in the hope that the virtual simulation teaching can be widely used in the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering in the future.

Research on Railway Engineering Experiment Teaching Principles Based on Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching——Taking the Floating Slab Vibration Damping Track Virtual Experiment as an Example

Virtual simulation teaching is an addendum to the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering, and the two teaching methods complement each other and merge with each other. In view of the current research, there is little discussion about the integration path of the two above. Based on the connotation and design of virtual simulation teaching, this research systematically expounds the integration of the real path and path optimization problems, and puts forward the railway engineering experimental teaching principles based on virtual simulation teaching. On the basis of this research, a virtual simulation experiment platform for vibration mechanics and its application in the floating slab vibration damping track was developed to make full use of three-dimensional modeling, virtual reality, human-computer interaction and other technologies, which can realistically simulate the vibration law and vibration damping effect of the rail transit system, and in the hope that the virtual simulation teaching can be widely used in the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering in the future.

Three-Dimensional Biomodels: Use of Different Materials for the Surgical Planning in Relation to Two Mandibular Cysts Cases

Introduction: The use of three-dimensional models in the diagnosis, planification and treatment of the maxillofacial area pathology has been included in publications since 1980, and has enabled to minimize surgical time, reducing peri and postoperative morbidity, and optimizing surgical results. Currently, the market offers a huge range of 3D printers and materials which allows biomodels to be printed for medical purposes. The purpose of the following paper is to describe the use of two types of three-dimensional models in the therapeutic planning of two cases of mandibular cysts. Case Report: Two cases of mandibular dentigerous cysts are described, in which osteosynthesis plates were used to prevent pathological fractures, pre-modeled together with acrylic positioners on three-dimensional models and printed in different ways. Postoperative clinical and tomographic controls were performed. Conclusion: The knowledge of the properties of the different materials available for the construction of three-dimensional models allows selecting the one that best suits the case needs required, minimizing surgical times and optimizing the results.

Contribution of 3D modeling to the geometry of geological structures of the Doukkala region “coastal Meseta, Morocco”

The Doukkala’s region is characterized by a sub-tabular scheme throughout, making difficult any conventional geological study based on outcrops. The use of three-dimensional models represents an interesting method to approximate the geometry and architecture of geological units. This study aims to monitor subsurface of the Cretaceous series, Miocene, and Pliocene-Quaternary and have a sufficient detailed level of knowledge of the different geological units of Doukkala. The current study uses data from 133 well drilled available in the SaDIN project database. The three-dimensional model is a source of geological information, a shared space of the basement data, and decision support tools; it will allow users to solve research problems or natural resource and hazards management.