Use Of Tense Research Articles

Analyses of Rhetorical Moves and Linguistic Realizations in Accounting Research Article Abstracts Published in International and Thai-Based Journals

There has been a growing interest in the rhetorical move structure of research articles (RAs). Research studies reveal that articles written by native and nonnative English speakers show some similarities and differences in their rhetorical structure and linguistic features across disciplines. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the rhetorical moves of English RA abstracts, which were written by authors from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Sixty RA abstracts from two corpora (international corpus and Thai corpus) in the field of accounting were analyzed using Hyland’s framework. The abstracts written by authors of different nationalities and published in internationally scholarly journals were collected for the international corpus, whereas the counterpart consisted of abstracts written by Thai authors and published in indexed Thailand-based journals. Both similarities and differences in terms of rhetorical move and linguistic realizations were found. The use of tenses and voices was quite different not only between the two corpora but also from the previous studies. The findings will provide practical and detailed description of the RA abstracts’ structures of the two corpora. This may lead to pedagogical implications for teaching students how to write accounting English RA abstracts effectively.

Mood in low German

In diesem Artikel wird der Tempus-Modus-Gebrauch in indirekter Redewiedergabe im Niederdeutschen im Vergleich mit dem Hochdeutschen, Englischen und Norwegischen untersucht. Die hochdeutsche Standardsprache verfugt uber eine voll ausgebaute Indikativ-Konjunktiv-Unterscheidung, wobei eine der Funktionen des Konjunktivs in der Markierung indirekter Rede besteht. Viele andere germanische Sprachen, hier vertreten durch das Englische und Norwegische, kennen keine vergleichbare Konjunktivkategorie (mehr). Indirekte Rede steht dort im Indikativ, wobei haufig das Phanomen der Tempusverschiebung zu beobachten ist. Das nordliche Niederdeutsche kennt ebenfalls keine distinkten Konjunktivformen, womit sich die Frage stellt, ob auch die Redewiedergabe wie in den anderen konjunktivlosen Sprachen funktioniert. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht dieser Frage im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung nach. Als Datengrundlage dienen nordniederdeutsche Radionachrichten. Es zeigt sich, dass die Verteilung von Prasens und Prateritum in den niederdeutschen Radiodaten weiter ausfallt als in den konjunktivlosen Vergleichssprachen: Das Prasens tritt, wie im Hochdeutschen, auch dort auf, wo im Englischen und Norwegischen mit einer Verschiebung zum Prateritum zu rechnen ware. Und fur das Prateritum ergibt sich eine reportiv-konjunktivische Verwendung, die keine Entsprechung im Englischen oder Norwegischen hat.

The Theological Purpose of Verbal Tenses and Moods in Revelation’s Hymns

Various articles have been written about the hymns in the Revelation, focusing on their cultural background or their specific function within the narrative of the entire book. The present paper has the purpose of emphasizing the use of verbal tenses and moods in the poetic texts of the Apocalypse in order to demonstrate that the author uses grammar to communicate his theology and his world-view. John the seer, in fact, makes semantic changes to the Greek language, especially in using the present and aorist tenses in a proleptic and futuristic sense. This verbal function shows a Semitic influence on the Apocalypse and it offers an opportunity to describe the idea of “already and not yet”, typical of some eschatological realities. Even through the other tenses and moods, the Apocalypse expresses its own concepts linked with its theological plan. In this way, the poetic compositions of the Apocalypse appear as an integral part of the book and they serve to “sing” the main subjects that the author presents in his work.

Who Are These People Anyway? by Chief Irving Powless Jr.

Reviewed by: Who Are These People Anyway? by Chief Irving Powless Jr. Gwendolyn Saul (bio) Who Are These People Anyway? By Chief Irving Powless Jr. and edited by Lesley Forrester. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2016. The Iroquois and Their Neighbors. 189 pages, 6” x 9.” $45.00 cloth, $19.95 paper, $19.95 e-book. Most New Yorkers are unaware that the oldest democratic form of Indigenous government in North America, recognized internationally, continues to thrive in what is now New York State. The center of that government, a confederacy of six Indigenous nations that make up the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, is the Onondaga Nation located south of Syracuse, a city built on Onondaga territory. To understand New York as Indigenous lands and to recognize the significance of Haudenosaunee and Algonquian nations continuing to uphold their connections to these lands, is an obligation of all New Yorkers and one that the late Chief Irving Powless Jr. excelled at teaching about with humor and wisdom, among Native and non-Native audiences alike. Indeed, in 2009 Chief Powless was bestowed with an honorary doctor of laws degree from Syracuse University for his prolific work as a “spokesperson for the Haudenosaunee nations” (title page, Nancy Cantor, Former Chancellor and President of Syracuse University). Daha’tgatdohs, Irving Powless Jr., Beaver Clan Chief of the Onondaga Nation, passed away in 2017 (1929–2017). Thankfully, he gifted the world with this insightful compilation of sixty-five vignettes and essays, edited by Lesley Forrester. As Forrester relates in her preface to the book, her work transcribing speeches by Tom Porter, Sakokweniónkwas [End Page 311] (Akwesasne Mohawk), contributed to the publication of And Grandma Said… Iroquois Teachings as Passed Down Through the Oral Tradition (2008) and caught the attention of Akwesasne Mohawk journalist and scholar Doug George Kanentiio, who encouraged her to complete a similar project with Chief Powless. Forrester is experienced working with individuals who speak English as a second language, and she makes careful note in her preface to point out some of the differences in syntax that also reflect insight into the delivery and context of oral histories for Haudenosaunee; for example, readers will notice the use of present tense to describe the past, as Forrester clarifies, “Listeners can feel they are present while historical or sacred events are relived in the present moment” (xii). This detail is important, and Forrester clearly understands that working with oral history narratives, transforming them into text, often involves a cultural translation as well since the context for delivery of oral histories is often as significant as the words and teachings being shared. Other details about the completion of this project are not forthcoming in Forrester’s preface. While she comments that it took some time for her and Chief Powless to become acquainted and comfortable with each other, the specifics of the arrangement, such as how many trips she made to Onondaga, how long the process took, how they agreed upon the title, and whether or not Chief Powless made comments and edits to earlier drafts, are un-addressed. However, this omission in no way detracts from the substance of the stories and teachings imparted by Chief Powless. A citizen of the Onondaga Nation, Chief Powless was appointed the title and responsibility of chief of the Beaver Clan for Onondaga in 1964 at age thirty-five. Haudenosaunee chiefs are appointed a clan chief title by clan mothers, respected women of the community who have watched as children grow, learn, and take on the characteristics essential for the charge of being chief. Chief Powless’s profound knowledge of Haudenosaunee histories of treaty-making provides the reader with a solid understanding of what it means for Onondaga to be a sovereign nation and how treaties continue to shape the politics of relationships between the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, the United States, Canada, and other foreign nations. Approximately twenty-one of the sixty-five essays in the book discuss historic treaties made with the Dutch, English, and the United States. “[I]t’s important for us as Native people to understand the treaties and the intent of the treaties,” Chief Powless explains, “[a]nd to teach the U.S. citizens about these treaties...

Unsettled Accounts: Anna Letitia Barbauld's Letters to Lydia Rickards

Unsettled Accounts:Anna Letitia Barbauld's Letters to Lydia Rickards Jessica W. H. Lim (bio) Introduction In Anna Letitia Barbauld's poem "A Summer Evening's Meditation" (1773), the speaker longs for transcendence, but her hopes are ultimately frustrated and unfulfilled. She watches as the moon, "Impatient for the night … seems to push / Her brother down the sky," whereupon "I launch into the trackless deeps of space, / Where, burning round, ten thousand suns appear" until she remembers embryo systems and unkindled sunsSleep in the womb of chaos; fancy droops,And thought astonish'd stops her bold career.1 The earnest haste with which Barbauld personifies the moon implies not only that the moon has been waiting to assume a position of supremacy in the sky but also more pertinently that the speaker desires for the moon to displace the sun. The speaker's wish appears to be a metaphorical comment on the limitations within which women operated in Georgian Britain. Barbauld's speaker momentarily achieves transcendence through the freedom of her mind, but the realities of everyday life "[stop] her bold career." Barbauld's play on "career" as a verb and noun is startling; she jolts her readers with the disjunctive juxtaposition of stillness and movement. Her subtle comment on the limitations placed on female careers is implicit in her maternal images of "embryo systems" and "suns" (sons) who reside "in the womb." The speaker is aware that social expectations regarding motherhood limit women's abilities to develop other occupations: "fancy droops." Though the speaker affirms that "the hour will come / When all these splendours bursting on my sight / Shall stand unveil'd," the use of future tense conveys the frustration, as much as the hope, of one separated from "splendours" by a still-present veil (lines 120-22). Like her speaker in "A Summer Evening's Meditation," Barbauld challenged social boundaries and continues to challenge critical categorization. As a philosopher, her radical social politics brought her the label "virago."2 As a writer, she refused to be associated with a single genre; though Poems (1773) received critical acclaim, she spent the remainder of her life [End Page 153] distributing her poems chiefly in manuscript form. Instead, she made her name in the literary market as an educative children's writer, a literary critic and anthologist, and a politically radical pamphleteer and essayist. Born in 1743 to a Rational Dissenting family, Barbauld campaigned for religious freedoms and participated in Dissenting educational academies. Raised in Kibworth and at the Warrington Academy, she later founded a school in Palgrave with her husband. Her alumnae included Sir Thomas Denman, who went on to become the Chief Justice of England during the passage of the 1832 Reform Act. In many ways, one can characterize Barbauld's life as full; as William McCarthy's magisterial biography demonstrates, the scope of Barbauld's interests and passions and her influence over nineteenth-century political and literary thought were immense.3 Yet this vibrancy coexists with Barbauld's awareness of life's limitations, at which she chafed. Barbauld's frustration with restraint is combined with her understanding of the beauty and significance of the immediate present, a paradoxical attitude that animates her letters to her friend and one-time live-in pupil, Lydia Rickards (later Withering). Barbauld's relationship with Lydia Rickards might have escaped historical notice if not for the efforts of Lydia's descendent, the literary biographer Edith Cordelia (E. C.) Rickards. In 1899, E. C. published an article in Murray's Magazine: A Home and Colonial Periodical for the General Reader celebrating the friendship between Barbauld and her relative.4 E. C. quotes extensively from Barbauld's letters to Lydia, but until recently, the original letters were privately owned. When the last surviving keeper of the Rickards letters passed away, the letters were auctioned off as antique curiosities. Fortuitously, they found their way to McCarthy, who oversaw their settlement in their current home, the Pforzheimer Collection in the New York Public Library. My introduction to the letters was entirely serendipitous. I had contacted the New York Public Library hoping to examine some rare copies of Barbauld's children's books. I received an email...

An investigation of implicit vs. explicit oral corrective feedback on Chinese pupils’ use of past tense

This experimental study investigated the relative effectiveness of two broad categories of oral corrective feedback (i.e., implicit vs. explicit feedback) on primary pupils’ use of past tense. Data was collected from a primary school in Hong Kong involving 24 pupils in two experimental groups and one control group. A pre-test was given in the first week to ensure the three groups were equivalent at the beginning. Afterwards, students were asked to retell a story, during which students in one experimental group received implicit oral feedback on their use of past tense, while those in the other experimental group received explicit feedback. The control group did not receive immediate oral feedback. All three groups received an immediate post-test at the end of story retelling, and a delayed post-test two weeks later. Test scores were analysed to examine changes within each group and differences across groups. The study found both experimental groups outperformed the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups, except that the group receiving explicit feedback tended to outperform the implicit group, especially in repairing regular verbs. The findings suggest both types of oral corrective feedback could be given to ESL learners during form-related classroom instruction.

Olgu çalışması: Yazılı metinlerde İngilizce’ de üçüncü tekil şahıs –s kullanımı

The acquisition of the 3rd person singular -s in
 English is considered as an introductory concept for second/foreign language
 learners because it is one of the basic grammatical rules instructed by
 teachers to L2 learners of English. Therefore, it has been analyzed through
 different perspectives and theoretical frameworks in order to find a proper
 interpretation to understand why it is one of the most challenging grammatical
 rules to be acquired by English L1 and L2 learners. The study aims to analyze
 the use of third person singular present tense –s by the students who are
 undergraduate Turkish speakers learning English as a foreign language at a
 state university in Blacksea region of Turkey. The study gathered data from 39
 students’ writing exams in 2017-2018 academic year. The writings were
 transcribed by the researchers and the students’ uses of 3sg –s were analyzed.
 The results comprised 40 grammatically/correctly inflected items, 43 omission
 item (OI) and 13 wrongly/incorrectly inflected items (WI). Compatible with the
 results in relevant literature, the findings of the study suggest that students
 learning English seem to have difficulty mastering the use of the 3sg –s. The findings of this study have both pedagogical implications for
 EFL classroom practices and for foreign language teachers and researchers. 

The current use of the past imperfect tense in Albanian and Serbian – a case study

The current use of the past imperfect tense in Albanian and Serbian – a case studyThe article deals with the indirect influence of Albanian grammar among the native speakers of Serbian who study Albanian as a foreign language as an awareness and transformation process when translating the past imperfect forms from Albanian as a foreign language into their mother tongue Serbian, more specifically the past imperfect of Albanian into Serbian as their mother tongue. The emphasize that while translating, the students are guided not by knowledge of formal grammar but by actual by real usage of this tense in Albanian and Serbian. Współczesne użycie imperfectum w języku serbskim i albańskim Artykuł dotyczy bezpośredniego wpływu gramatyki albańskiej na język serbski wśród Serbów uczących się języka albańskiego jako obcego. Przedmiotem opisu jest przekład albańskich form imperfektywnych w tłumaczeniu z albańskiego na serbski, w którym ta forma werbalna nie jest już używana. Autorki podkreślają, że studenci, tłumacząc, nie kierują się formalną wiedzą gramatyczną na temat funkcjonowania imperfectum w obu językach, ale realnymi zastosowaniami tej formy temporalnej.

Coherence in The Narrative Texts of Eastvaganza Story Writing Contest for Senior High-School Students

This study analyzes narratives written by six students who joined a story writing contest. It is assumed that the students who joined in the writing contest had fair knowledge in writing, so the texts may achieve coherence. This study uses qualitative research in the form of discourse analysis. The focuses of the study are to investigate micro and macro level coherence, tense use, and the context of situation of the texts. This study uses the theories from Thornbury (2005), Ellis (1997), and Eggins (1994). This study is aimed to know the quality of coherent text in the students’ narrative. The findings of this study showed that constant theme patterns became the most frequent occurred in the narratives followed by zig-zag patterns and sentences which has no patterns. The sentences which have patterns might be logic in continuity. For the macro-level coherence, key word aspect became the most found in the narratives. The words represented the main characters in the stories. The macro-scripts showed that the narratives mostly use the script orientation-complication-resolution in arranging the paragraphs. The tense errors were found in almost all narratives. The findings showed three narratives had more errors than correct ones. The situational coherence showed that the fields in the texts were about heroes who had done something precious in their life. The tenors of the texts were same, namely between story writers and story readers. The modes of the texts were also the same. The texts are delivered by written media, so the texts did not have visual and aural distance between story writers and story readers. The goal of the texts is only for constructing experience.

MOVES AND GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS OF RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACTS

Rhetoric in writing an abstract is required for the writers’ goal which is to deliver adequate information to the readers by implementing an appropriate compositional structure of the abstract. This study aims to explore the use of grammatical construction of every rhetorical move in the research article abstracts. The result showed that grammatical constructions are found in the research article abstracts. The use of present tense is dominant in all five moves. Additionally, past tense is mostly found in method move. Active voice and passive voice are also found in all five moves. However, passive voice is frequently found in method and conclusion. In this case, the writers construct the abstract as objective as possible. That-complement clause is characteristically found in product move. Thus, implementation of this study is beneficial for the writers in academic writing to realize the use of grammatical constructions in the research article abstracts.

An Error Analysis in the Use of Simple Past Tense on Students’ Final Work at IAIN Kudus

This research aims at identifying, classifying and analyzing the kinds of errors on the use of simple past tense in students’ final work. It is expected to help the lecturers in identifying the students’ most common error in language learning processes, especially in learning simple past tense. Several stages are done in this qualitative research, they are: preparation, data collection, and analyzing the data. As the preparation, the writer try to read some theories and previous studies related to this research. In analyzing the data, Ellis’ theory is used in this research. The techniques in analyzing the data are: identification of error, classification, description, and correction. The result of this research shows that there are four kinds of errors made by students, they are omission 13%, addition 5%,misinformation 31%,and misordering 5%. They mostly make errors in the misinformation of irregular past verb in using The Simple Past Tense.

STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS ON S-V AGREEMENT IN TOEFL AND THEIR PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

This article is presented to discover the students’ problems in subject-verb (S-V) agreement and provides pedagogical solutions to these problems. This study employed descriptive design. There were two instruments used to collect data. The first instrument was a test. It consisted of 10 items with two different types of questions. The second instrument was an open-ended questionnaire consisting of two questions. The participants were 25 social science students of a private university in Yogyakarta. The data included in this study were 10 students’ works which were randomly selected. The result shows that the students' problems in S-V agreement came from their misunderstanding on: future continuous tense, singular-plural subject, appositive, the use of present participle as adjective, the use of simple present tense, the use of either … or … to show one subject, the presence of double subjects, and the use of both to show double subjects. To encounter these problems, the teacher is suggested to teach the students about the essential elements of a sentence first rather than teaching other aspects. The essential elements are subject and predicate. In short, the students must understand well that a sentence, at least, must consist of one subject and one predicate (verb). After understanding the essential elements of a sentence, the students can be taught to understand other supporting aspects which also become the causes of students’ problems in S-V agreement.

Identification of Common EFL Errors in Writings of Kosovar Freshmen

This descriptive study aims to identify the most common English language errors committed by EFL freshmen of the second largest university in Kosova. Data was collected from a corpus of hand-written essays from 210 freshmen in English Language and Literature Department at University of Prizren during the winter semester of 2016/2017 academic year. Data was analyzed using frequency count and percentage distribution. Findings of the study revealed that faulty use of prepositions and present simple tense made up almost half of the total number of errors committed.

Recount Text in SFL Perspective: Pedagogical Implication based on Student’s Writing Analysis

AbstractRecount can be considered as one of the easiest types of text that can be written by students. This might be the reason why the text is learned in both junior and senior high school level. However, there are still a lot of students who cannot produce the text well. This study was aimed to analyze student’s recount text based on three metafunctions in SFL perspective. It is expected that by identifying students’ problems, teachers can decide and design appropriate pedagogical plan. The result of the study reveals that the student’s major problems in producing recount text are the use of subject and verb tense (interpersonal metafunctions), the generic structure of the text, the use of conjunctions, the grammatical errors, and L1 interference. Therefore, considering the problems found in the student’s recount text, POWER strategy is proposed as one of strategies can be applied by teachers in teaching writing, particularly teaching recount text. Keywords: recount text, systemic functional linguistics, metafunction, POWER strategy

The cinematic mode in fiction

AbstractThis article focuses on the imitation of film form in cinematic novels and short stories on the level of narrative discourse and introduces the concept of ‘para-cinematic narrator’. The author compares the temporality expressed by verbal tenses in literature and the temporality expressed through film semiosis. The connection between film and literary fiction is explored in terms of foreground and background narrative style. It is argued that the articulation of narrative foreground and background – i. e. the “narrative relief” (Weinrich 1971) – in film form tends to favour the foreground style, and that such narrative relief is ‘flattened’ due to the “monstrative” quality (Gaudreault 2009) of the medium. This flattening is remediated in strongly cinematised fiction and conveyed through the use of verbal tenses. The imitation of montage and specific cinematic techniques is conceived, consequently, as a separate feature that can integrate into this remediated, para-cinematic temporality. Finally, the author recalls the concept of “mode” in genre theory (Fowler 2002), which describes a “distillation” of traits from one genre to another. With the category of cinematic mode the remediation of basic traits from film to literary fiction can be framed in terms of genre-related discourses.

Analyzing Students’ Writing Grammatical Problem in the Use of Tenses: The Case of Seventh Grade Student Of Junior High School

Grammar is one of the most difficult capabilities found in English. Grammar difficulty will affect other English skills such as reading, speaking, listening, and writing. Tenses belong to one part of grammar. Most students still struggle to use tenses well. Tenses contained in this grammar material need to be studied so that students can distinguish the time of conversation and the meaning of a sentence and how to make a sentence in accordance with the tenses that have been studied. This research was designed in the form of qualitative research, especially in descriptive method. It meant that the researcher would like to investigate the use of tenses (especially past, present, future, continous, and present perfect) and to identify the grammatical errors in using tense (especially past, present, future, continous, and present perfect) in students junior high school of seventh grade with close task.

Changes in English Past Tense Use by Bilingual School-Age Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in English past tense accuracy and errors among Spanish-English bilingual children with typical development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD). Thirty-three children were tested before and after 1 year to examine changes in clinically relevant English past tense errors using an elicited production task. A mixed-model linear regression using age as a continuous variable revealed a robust effect for age. A 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted with age (young, old) and language ability group (TD, DLD) as between-subjects variables, time (Time 1, Time 2) and verb type (regular, irregular, and novel verbs) as within-subject variables, and percent accuracy as the dependent variable. Subsequently, a 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to measure the overall distribution of verb errors across 2 time points. Overall, children produced regular and novel verb past tense forms with higher accuracy than irregular past tense verbs in an elicitation task. Children with TD were more accurate than children with DLD. Younger children made more improvement than older children from Time 1 to Time 2, especially in the regular and novel verb conditions. Bare stem and overregularization were the most common errors across all groups. Errors consisting of stem + ing were more common in children with DLD than those with TD in the novel verb condition. Contrary to an earlier report (Jacobson & Schwartz, 2005), the relative greater difficulty with regular and novel verbs was replaced by greater difficulty for irregular past tense, a pattern consistent with monolingual impairment. Age was a contributing factor, particularly for younger children with DLD who produced more stem + ing errors in the novel verb condition. For all children, and particularly for those with DLD, an extended period for irregular past tense learning was evident. The results support a usage-based theory of language acquisition and impairment.

Causal inference or conventionalized meaning? A corpus study of the German connector nachdem ‘after’ in regional standard varieties

AbstractDrawing on a corpus study using German and Austrian parliamentary protocols, this paper shows that the originally temporal connectornachdem‘after’ may carry causal meaning in southern German standard varieties. In these varieties,nachdemclauses may occur with individual level predicates, cases which, I will argue, provide unambiguously causal contexts since a temporal succession of events is excluded with individual level predicates. Whilenachdemdisplays polysemy comparable to Englishsincein southern German standard varieties, it is a temporal marker in central and northern German varieties and a causal link may arise only due to a conversational implicature. The observed polysemy coincides with a higher token frequency ofnachdemas well as a higher incidence of present tense use in thenachdemclause in the respective southern German varieties. Remarkably, causalnachdemclauses show a clear tendency to be fronted to the matrix clause despite the overall tendency of causal clauses to be post-posed, both cross-linguistically and in German, which may be explained in terms of information structure and discourse-organizing functions.

Using the theory of planned behaviour when designing motivational letters: Exploring through patient interviews how determinants of behaviour are operationalised in letters of invitation to cardiac rehabilitation

Background & Aim: While health behaviour theories are often used to develop written material for health care interventions, descriptions of how to operationalise such theories are lacking in the literature. Paradoxically, it is precisely this information that is supposed to influence patient behaviour. Letters inviting patients to participate in cardiac rehabilitation are further examined here. Materials & Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore how concepts from the Theory of Planned Behaviour had been operationalised in invitation letters, focusing on the motivational potential of different passages. Results: Thirteen participants were interviewed and asked to comment on the invitation letters. Without having been informed about the Theory of Planned Behaviour, most commented on passages that were based on the theory. It seemed important to many participants that the content is more relatable and personal. Message framing and the use of the future tense in sentences meant to motivate patients to attend cardiac rehabilitation appeared to be important. Using simple language might be more effective than technical terms. Conclusion: When using health behaviour theories such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour to compose materials motivating patients to behave in certain ways, message framing and relatable content are approaches to operationalizing theoretical concepts.

“You” Reconstructing the Past

Autobiographical writing has been an integral part of literary research for decades. Which innovations does contemporary life writing contribute to the narration of the past? This paper focuses on the impact of narratological characteristics on the reconstruction of memory and self in Paul Auster’s Winter Journal (2012), an innovative autobiographical work which deviates from traditional life writing in that it is written in the second person. Considering Lejeune’s and Genette’s takes on second-person autobiography, this paper examines how the narrative situation in Winter Journal shapes subjectivity and temporality. As both protagonist and observer, the narratee oscillates between a distanced state of (critical) self-reflection and intimacy. This paper argues that by « reliving » the past through a dynamic dialogue with the self and the simultaneously addressed reader, the appellative function and the predominant use of the present tense enable a telescopic encounter with the past.