Use Of Technical Systems Research Articles

Status quo and quo vadis: creativity techniques and innovation methods for generating extended innovation processes

Abstract Our working world is on the threshold of a new era: The digital transformation of entire economic sectors and occupational profiles as well as the introduction of new forms of human-machine collaboration through the increased use of big data and cognitive systems require completely new approaches. The key to success in coping with this change, which can be seen in all industries, is to break up old structures and venture something new. The ability to adapt and innovate is becoming a central success-critical factor in entrepreneurial activity. In order to continue to achieve market success and ensure sustainable growth in an extremely dynamic and disruptive environment, enterprises and organisations are called upon to proactively shape change. In addition to the establishment of flexible working models and agile processes, the increased generation and integration of knowledge into and around technical systems in the course of targeted competence development of employees is indispensable. The introduction and use of technical systems thus must go hand in hand with the flexibilisation of innovation and collaboration processes as well as the development of employee skills in order to generate the currently missing socio-technological link – for companies´ added value and for the benefit of people. In this paper, the authors present an overview of currently used creativity techniques and innovation methods and work out the promising potentials as well as basic restrictions of the respective tools. Furthermore, the resulting need for action for the optimisation and enhancement of innovation processes in the interaction of established techniques and possibilities of cognitive systems is presented.

Diagnostics of the ice on the strike protection wire

The relevance of the research problem is chose of effective technology of strike protection wire monitoring in span with use of technical system of analysis of technical condition of strike protection wire of 110 kV voltage power line for complex assessment of the impact of both external climatic factors from wind and ice loads and the magnitude of the thermal elongation of the strike protection wire with influence of current during de-icing process. Analysis of the strike protection wire mode and their limiting values of mechanical strength allow evaluation of the effectiveness of events of prevent of accidents and reduce the undersupply of electricity to the end consumers. Visualization of the operative parameters of the strike protection wire in the span of the overhead power line will allow reduce the time to make decisions on the prevention of accidents of lines. Algorithm of monitoring of operative parameters of wires of overhead power lines base on information of longitudinal and transverse angles received from sensors installed directly on the strike protection wire.

Про проблему стабілізації керованих стохастичних дифереціально-функціональних систем із скінченним запізненням

Works [1–4] analyze a problem of stabilization of systems, which are defined by a stochastic differential-functional equations with impulsive Markov disturbances with a constant or finite delay, in presence of a transitional process and a delay at the same time. This work considers a more generalized problem of stabilization of the control stochastic differential-functional systems with finite delay and mutually independent Wiener processes. The delay is constructed on the space of the Skorokhod of right continuous functions with left limits [1]. This systems must be asymptotically stable by the probability and provide preassigned optimivity of a transient process. The control be selected is built on the principle of inverse communication, obtained as a Markov process [3, 4]. The problem of optimal stabilization is considered in the context of the given quality criteria, builds on Bellman's dynamic programming principles. The first part of the work analyzes the properties of Markov processes. The corresponding lemma is formulated as a result. In the second part obtained the infinitesimal operator of the corresponding Markov process, is formulated and the basic theorem of stabilization is proved. The proof algorithm is based on using the Ito-formula. Examples of use are given. In the third part an optimal stabilization algorithm has been demonstrated to investigate a linear systems. For the case of linear systems, the stabilization theorem is formulated. The results of the scientific research were obtained for use in technical systems. The results obtained and the arguments given are valid in the determined case as well. This work is part one of the first scientific research, the second part will contain more examples and use the method of successive approximations.

Urban Middle School Students, Twenty-First Century Skills, and STEM-ICT Careers: Selected Findings from a Front-End Analysis

As part of the design and development of an informal learning environment meant to increase urban middle school students’ interest in technology-focused STEM careers, and to support their twenty-first century skill development, researchers developed and administered the ICT/Twenty-First Century Skills Questionnaire. Both STEM-ICT professionals and middle school students completed the survey. STEM-ICT professionals indicated that problem solving, critical thinking and communication were the most valued and the most frequently used skills in their environments. Students underestimated the amount of critical thinking and systematic design, and overestimated the amount of coding and digital research that occurs in STEM-ICT workplaces. Among skills highly valued by ICT professionals, students reported significantly lower ability levels in problem solving, critical thinking, communication, use of technical systems and information literacy. The researchers discuss implications of this research on future curriculum and program design.

Pre-cast Concrete, a Key Option for the Reconstruction Phase after War

These days Syria is concerned in the development of integrated strategy, starting with a provision of regional, structural and organizational planning for the affected areas, followed by the architectural and construction and environmental studies, etc. This strategy is achieved through the preparation of detailed plans and programs necessary for the implementation of public and private projects that achieve the objective of development and reconstruction. This study includes a range of plans that must overlaps and integrates with each other to produce reconstruction operations. Work team must be involved in the implementation of these plans. The work team composed of officials and experts, technicians and consultants, and bound together through a flexible structure consisted of a group of sub-committees that are related to a higher body for reconstruction. In the stage of the housing plan, researches were done in order to assess the reality of the construction of buildings in Syria, and compared with the concepts and the construction industry characteristics (IBS), and determine the Syrian experiment site regarding to these concepts, as well as evaluating the factors affecting this industry, and proposals to apply it in reconstruction stage. Cast-in-place concrete in the case of the reinforced walls, got 13.1%, while in the case of the framework structure was 34%, and templates tunnelling was 64%, composite order (pre-cast and Cast-in-place concrete) was 61%, composite order (concrete and metallic) was 67.25%, and the pre-cast concrete was from 82% up to 86%. The questionnaire also shows that the trend towards a modern building industry faces significant challenges in spite of its inevitability as a strategic decision in finding solutions to the problems of housing and reconstruction. The research arranged the priority use of technical systems in construction in Syria, using the method of AHP. The advanced technology system (pre-cast concrete) had the first place with 39.4%.

Analysis of the possibility of applying a condition-based maintenance model on an example of tank weapons

For any modern army it is very important to continuously maintain a high degree of operational (combat) readiness (availability) in order to maximize the effectiveness of the use of technical systems. Since determination and prediction of technical states and failures of technical systems in engineering, especially in armament, are difficult due to the impossibility of continuous condition monitoring with appropriate measuring equipment there is a need for a maintenance model that would be most helpful in taking timely action maintenance. In this paper, the subject of research is a model of maintenance of the M-84 tank weapoons systems. Introduction. The M-84 tank is one of the most promising technical systems in the Serbian Army. Its use and modifications are foreseen in the next ten years. The M-84 is characterized by good tactical and technical characteristics. It has a powerful 125 mm cannon, coupled 7.62 mm machine gun and 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun. The M-84 tank has an automatic battery charger and a fire control system. The fire control system enables fast target tracking and stabilization of the cannon barrel, which is a prerequisite for timely and favorable effect on the target. There are certain ambiguities in the existing model of maintenance of tank weapons.

Special Issue on Neural Learning Paradigms

Since decades, the capability of human intelligence constitutes one of the most fascinating puzzles. Still, technical systems are far from coping with the Turing test even more than 60 years after its proposal. What would be a more natural approach but to have a closer look at how humans arrive at intelligent behavior, i.e. to inspect information processing in the human brain? This idea has led to the field of artificial neural networks as a counterpart to biological neural networks. Its success story dates back more than 20 years with the introduction of efficient brain-inspired learning algorithms such as back-propagation, Hopfield-networks, or self-organizing principles. Nowadays, two main streams can be distinguished in this context: (i) Computational Neuroscience which, roughly speaking, deals with models of biological neural systems which are as realistic as possible and which can be used to simulate and explain processes in real brains; (ii) Neural Computation which focuses on neural principles as efficient machine learning paradigms to be used in technical systems. As such, Neural Computation is concerned with the integration of relevant parts, ideas, or principles of biological systems to arrive at fault tolerant information representation, adaptation and learning algorithms in a technical context. This special issue centers around Neural Learning Paradigms and their use in technical systems, i.e. it addresses novel developments in the field of Neural Computation. What are current challenges and developments in this context? Actually, the requirements of modern information science turn Neural Computation into a very fascinating subject of research: an ever increasing complexity of data and

Signs unsigned and meanings not meant: linguistic theory and hypothetical, simulated, imitation and meaningless language

Standard linguistic theory assumes that meanings are attached to linguistic artefacts by some semantic component during their production yet prior to their material realization, and it is those meanings that are decoded by the recipient/interpreter of the realized signs according to the same mental machinery/semantic component inside their brain. Rather than theorizing a single sign that is encoded, materialized, transmitted and then decoded, integrationism assumes that signs are created not only by speakers/writers but also by hearers/readers. This paper looks at linguistic artefacts that are not created to mean anything but to do something. The successful accomplishment of those actions depends entirely upon the recipient recreating them as meaningful linguistic signs, no matter what the meaning assigned to them. Examples of such linguistic artifacts to be examined are simulated language as a product of “user-friendly” software, whether programmed as potential aids for human use of technical systems (e.g. Google’s “Did you mean…? and machine translation) or as deceptions (spam and texts inserted into emails to “fool” anti-spam programs), and utterances whose meanings have no relation to what the standard theory regards as lexical meaning nor to interpretative rules (e.g. glossalalia). Of particular interest are the hypothetical language of examples in linguistic theory (Bill is a farmer but John is not; Colorless green ideas sleep furiously) in which nothing is meant other than “this text represents a certain structure,” and the reproduction of texts that would be meaningful in one context but whose sole meaning is reduced to technical manipulation. In all of these cases a linguistic sign is produced (or its production programmed) by someone intent on accomplishing a certain end not through the recipient’s comprehension of a sign and its lexical or discourse meaning but by the human recipient’s creation of a linguistic sign on the one hand, or software unable to distinguish meaningful signs from meaningless textual strings on the other.

Bridging the human gap: systems engineering

This paper focuses on one of the most important and common topics concerning people and technology; that the concern in the information field is people not technology. Three postulates underlie this paper: The full and effective use of computers and other information technologies (ITS); The full and effective use of people. People can be effective without technology but that the use of technology can never be full and effective without people; IT plays the servant's role. Implied in this paper is that management does not know how to implement new technologies properly. There is a general trend to bridge technical systems and human systems, with most of the effort coming from the technical side. Figure 1 illustrates the point. There are books on the human sciences (category 1); and on the technical sciences (category 4), neither of which are concerned with business management. There are also books on the use of technical systems within business management (category 3). These often provide material on how to support employee use of technology. This paper provides a new thrust in the development and expansion of category 2, which concerns the way human systems react to the introduction of technical systems.

Working relations of technology production and use

This paper explores the relevance of recent feminist reconstructions of objectivity for the development of alternative visions of technology production and use. I take as my starting place the working relations that make up the design and use of technical systems. Working relations are understood as networks or webs of connections that sustain the visible and invisible work required to construct coherent technologies and put them into use. I outline the boundaries that characterize current relations of development and use, and the boundary crossings required to transform them. Three contrasting premises for design-the view from nowhere, detached engagement, and located accountability — are taken to represent incommensurate alternatives for a politics of professional design. From the position of located accountability, I close by sketching aspects of what a feminist politics and associated practices of system development could be.