Use Of Synbiotics Research Articles

Microbiomes of Tilapia Culture Systems: Composition, Affecting Factors, and Future Perspectives

With the increasing demand for global food resources, improving aquaculture production has been the focus for years. Tilapia has become one of the most commonly farmed and economically important fish species globally. Research efforts have recognized the significant roles that microbial communities play in improving the health and aquaculture performance of tilapia. However, interactions between tilapia and its associated microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this review, the current understanding of tilapia microbiomes is summarized. With fish being in intimate relationship with its environment, studies characterizing the microbial communities present in the rearing environment and how they affect tilapia microbiomes and health are also examined. Having an in‐depth understanding of the different microbiomes and their roles and interactions in the tilapia culture system is a crucial step toward managing and modulating these microbial communities to improve tilapia health. This review also sheds light on the different factors that influence tilapia microbiomes such as developmental stages, organ tissues, and types of culture systems. The effects of on‐farm practices such as diet; feeding regimes; use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; vaccination; application of antibiotics; disinfection; and pond fertilization on tilapia microbiome are also discussed. Through this review, future research needs are identified that can provide a deeper understanding of the relationships among tilapia microbiomes, health, and productivity. These knowledge in turn can be harnessed into practical applications and potential microbiome‐based management protocols to improve future best management practices for tilapia aquaculture.

Aнтибиотик-ассоциированная диарея: возможности применения синбиотиков

Aнтибиотик-ассоциированная диарея: возможности применения синбиотиков

The effectiveness of the use of synbiotics in the complex therapy of acute intestinal infections in children

Relevance. Acute intestinal infections in children retain a high value in the structure of child morbidity and mortality, which necessitates the search for means and methods for their active treatment and improvement of prognosis.
 Aim: to determine the effectiveness of the use of synbiotics in the complex therapy of acute intestinal infections in children at the outpatient stage.
 Materials and methods. Fifty 6–17 years children with mild or moderate acute intestinal infections were examined. The patients were divided into the main group (30 children) and the control group (20 children), the groups were comparable. Patients from the main group, along with pathogenetic therapy, received a combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG I-1572 DSM 34154 
 (L. casei DG) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and children from the control group received only pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment. Clinical symptoms were evaluated over following up included temperature, frequency and, nature of stool, presence and severity of dyspeptic manifestations, nausea, frequency of vomiting, presence and severity of abdominal pain syndrome. Statistical data processing was carried out using statistical analysis Statistica v. 13.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).
 Results. The combined use of L. casei DG and FOS in the pathogenetic therapy of acute intestinal infections reduces the time of relief of clinical manifestations. The severity of abdominal pain syndrome regresses significantly faster when using this synbiotic. Norma­lization of the frequency and nature of stool occurs significantly faster with the simultaneous appointment of pathogenetic therapy and the synbiotic. The combination of L. casei DG and FOS has demonstrated a high safety profile, side effects have not been reported.
 Conclusion. It is advisable to prescribe the combination of L. casei DG and FOS from the first day of acute intestinal infections alongside with pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy to achieve a clinical effect more quickly.

Utilization of diverse oligosaccharides for growth by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species and their in vitro co-cultivation characteristics

Various approaches have been used to study the relationship between prebiotics and probiotics. The utilization of different carbohydrates by probiotics depends on the biochemical properties of the enzymes and substrates required by the microbial strain. However, few studies have systematically analyzed the ability of probiotics to utilize different prebiotics. Here, we investigated the effects of prebiotics from different manufacturers on the proliferation of 13 strains of the Lactobacillus group and the genus Bifidobacterium co-cultured in vitro. Inulin, fructose-oligosaccharide (FOS), and galactose-oligosaccharide (GOS) had broad growth-promoting effects. FOS significantly promoted the proliferation of B. longum. When strains from Lactobacillus group and Bifidobacterium were co-cultured, FOS caused each strain to proliferate cooperatively. GOS was effectively used by L. rhamnosus and L. reuteri for energy and growth promotion. L. casei and L. paracasei fully metabolized inulin; these strains performed better than other strains from Lactobacillus group and Bifidobacterium. Media containing a mixture of oligosaccharides had stronger effects on the growth of B. animalis subsp. lactis, L. acidophilus, and L. rhamnosus than media containing single oligosaccharides. Thus, different oligosaccharides had different effects on the growth of probiotics, providing a scientific basis for the use of synbiotics in health and related fields.

Evaluation of IL-6, FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes, intestinal barrier biomarkers and the use of synbiotics in obese adolescents: a pilot study.

This prospective pilot study evaluated inflammatory and intestinal barrier biomarkers and the effects of a synbiotic in obese adolescents. Eighteen obese and 20 eutrophic adolescents were evaluated for body composition using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), body mass index (BMI), IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels, CD4 and FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes and monocytes. Synbiotic supplementation for 60 days was also evaluated for these parameters only in obese adolescents. We observed an increase in CD4 lymphocyte (18.0 ± 12.4 vs. 8.9 ± 7.5; p < 0.01), IL-6 (0.30 ± 0.06 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06; p = 0.02) and LPS (0.18 ± 0.15 vs. 0.08 ± 0.05; p < 0.01) levels in obese compared to eutrophic adolescents. After synbiotic supplementation, FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes increased (14.0 ± 6.7 vs. 9.9 ± 5.4; p = 0.02) in obese adolescents. Obese adolescents presented a state of microinflammation and intestinal barrier breakdown, and synbiotic supplementation increased the expression of FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes, an anti-inflammatory regulator. Whether the increase in FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes may have an impact on inflammation and outcomes in obese adolescents deserves further evaluation.

The effects of synbiotics supplementation on reducing chemotherapy-induced side effects in women with breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial

BackgroundThe prevalence of breast cancer and its mortality rate are increasing rapidly among women worldwide. On other hand, the courses of chemotherapy as the main treatment for these patients are too much exhaustive and annoying. This study was designed to evaluate the use of synbiotics (probiotics + prebiotics) supplementation as a safe and inexpensive adjuvant treatment in reducing common chemotherapy side effects in women with breast cancer.MethodsThe current study was conducted on 67 women with definitive diagnosis of breast cancer who were hospitalized to receive one-day chemotherapy sessions, and met the inclusion criteria. The patients were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group to receive synbiotics or placebo, respectively. They received oral consumption of synbiotics supplements twice a day for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the changes in severity or experience of chemotherapy complication, analyzed by intention to treat (ITT). The instruments included 7 validated questionnaires which were used to assess chemotherapy complications in the initiation, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention. Dietary intake was measured by 24-h dietary recall at the beginning, week 4 and week 8. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results67 breast cancer patients participated in the study. 8 weeks after intervention and adjusting the confounders, the severity of chemotherapy complications including unnormal defecation (P = 0.005) and fatigue (P < 0/001) decreased significantly in the synbiotics group compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, nausea/vomiting (P = 0.015), and anorexia (P < 0.001) were decreased at the end of the study compared to the first visit, but it was not statistically significant compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsSynbiotics supplementation during chemotherapy can potentially reduce the severity of fatigue and abnormal defecation. It can help reduce anorexia and nausea/vomiting.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (registered code: IRCT20091114002709N56) (date of registration: 5/5/2021). Direct link to the trial page: https://www.irct.ir/trial/54559.

Evaluation of probiotic growth stimulation using prebiotic ingredients to optimize compounds for in ovo delivery.

The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in poultry diets beneficially stimulates the gut microbiome thus promoting the health and welfare of the animals. In this study, we analyzed 7 poultry probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum - B1 and B4, Lactobacillus rhamnosus - B3, Bifidobacterium lactis - B2, Carnobacterium divergens - B5, Propionibacterium thoenii - B6, Clostridium butyricum - B7) and 12 prebiotics, differing in chemical composition and source of origin (fungi, algae, animal, etc.). The main goal of our research was to select the most promising candidates to develop synbiotic combinations. We determined the growth kinetics of all probiotics in the presence of prebiotics in a series of in vitro studies to select optimal combinations. Five out of seven investigated probiotics were significantly stimulated by astragalus polysaccharide, and this prebiotic was characterized in our work as the most effective. Moreover, in the case of three probiotics, B2, B3 and B4, significant growth stimulation has been found when beta-glucan, vegetable protein hydrolysate and liquid seaweed extract were supplied. Strain B1 (L. plantarum) was stimulated by 6 out of 12 prebiotics. The growth of B4 (L. plantarum) and B2 (B. lactis) was enhanced by prebiotics after 2 h of incubation. A high growth rate of 3.13% was observed in the case of L. plantarum (B4) and a 3.37% higher rate for B. lactis (B3), compared to the growth of probiotics in the control medium with glucose but no prebiotics. The best candidates for synbiotic combinations based on this in vitro work are the strains belonging to L. plantarum (B4), L. rhamnosus (B3) and B. lactis (B2), consistent with prebiotics such as astragalus polysaccharides and vegetable protein hydrolysate. These combinations will be subject to future in vivo poultry trials involving the in ovo microbiome modulation.

Effect of organic acids and probiotics on intestinal health of Apis mellifera.

Apis mellifera is an important pollinator that has a prominent impact on crops' ecological balance. Beekeeping provides us with more valuable products like honey, pollen, propolis, beeswax, and royal jelly. The ongoing era demands more scientific and environment-friendly strategies to improve the beekeeping sector internationally. Nowadays, the use of synbiotics (a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) has been declared as the need of the hour. However, little bit studies have been carried out in this regard. To improve the beekeeping sector in Pakistan, a study was designed to exploration of probiotic and organic acids on bee tissue ileum (small intestine). 108 Colony forming units (C.F.Us) of Bacillus clausii and Lactobacillus brevis were provided with and without mixing in 1.96% acetic acid, 2.91% acetic acid, and 2.99% lactic acid to caged worker bees under controlled laboratory conditions. The provision did not affect the intestine harmfully. The mean intestinal lumen diameters (μm2) were 133.33 ± 8.82, 63.33 ± 3.33, 186.67 ± 72.19, 250.00 ± 28.87, 166.67 ± 17.64, 193.33 ± 46.31, and 140.00 ± 61.10 in experiments (1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 respectively) compared to control's 113.33 ± 38.44. Worker bees with better digestion conditions prove honeybee's health and efficiency.

Probiotics and Fecal Transplant: An Intervention in Delaying Chronic Kidney Disease Progression?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge affecting nearly 700 million people worldwide. In the United States alone, the Medicare costs for CKD management has reached nearly USD 80 billion per year. While reversing CKD may be possible in the future, current strategies aim to slow its progression. For the most part, current management strategies have focused on employing Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone (RAS) inhibitors and optimizing blood pressure and diabetes mellitus control. Emerging data are showing that a disruption of the gut-kidney axis has a significant impact on delaying CKD progression. Recent investigations have documented promising results in using microbiota-based interventions to better manage CKD. This review will summarize the current evidence and explore future possibilities on the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbial transplant to reduce CKD progression.

Use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit compositional changes in their gut microbiome, which represents a potential therapeutic target. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are microbiome-targeted therapies that have been proposed as treatment for NAFLD. We aim to systematically review the effects of these therapies in liver-related outcomes of NAFLD patients. We conducted a systematic search in Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost from inception to August 19, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that treated NAFLD patients with prebiotics and/or probiotics. We meta-analyzed the outcomes using standardized mean difference (SMD) and assessed study heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. A total of 41 (18 probiotics, 17 synbiotics, and 6 prebiotics) RCTs were included. Pooled data demonstrated that the intervention had significantly improved liver steatosis (measured by ultrasound grading) (SMD: 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.27, 7.25), fibrosis (SMD: -0.61kPa; 95% CI: -1.12, -0.09kPa), and liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (SMD: -0.86U/L; 95% CI: -1.16, -0.56U/L), aspartate transaminase (SMD: -0.87U/L; 95% CI: -1.22, -0.52U/L), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (SMD: -0.77U/L; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.29U/L). Microbiome-targeted therapies were associated with significant improvements in liver-related outcomes in NAFLD patients. Nevertheless, limitations in existing literature like heterogeneity in probiotic strains, dosage, and formulation undermine our findings. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022354562) and supported by the Nanyang Technological University Start-up Grant and Wang Lee Wah Memorial Fund.

Recent Advances in Adjuvant Pharmacotherapy for Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia: A Narrative Review

Context: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause for diagnostic work-up and therapeutic intervention in neonates and needs a convenient, quick, and safe treatment modality. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal jaundice; however, complementary treatment is still needed. Despite the identification of the enzymatic pathways of bilirubin catabolism, few pharmacological interventions have been found to be effective in reducing bilirubin, along with traditional phototherapy. This review was conducted to evaluate recent pharmacotherapies as adjuvants to phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia (IHB). Evidence Acquisition: This study was carried out through a literature search with the keywords of Infant, Newborn, and Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia, combined with Drug Therapy, in PubMed, Scopus, International Statistical Institute, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases. This study included relevant articles (i.e., randomized controlled trials, observational studies, guidelines, and reviews) written in English and published between 2012 - 2022. Results: This narrative review first assessed the relevant articles to define IHB and its etiology. Then, the efficacy and side effects of recent pharmacologic agents as adjuvants to phototherapy were discussed. Additionally, this study reviewed the efficacy and safety of drugs prescribed to neonates to prevent jaundice. Conclusions: The best drug for adjuvant pharmacotherapy, in addition to phototherapy, for neonatal jaundice has not still been identified. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in adjuvant to phototherapy has been recently increasing, and beneficial results were observed in most studies. The use of agar, charcoal, fibrate, and phenobarbital had a minor therapeutic role in recent years. There were conflicting results about the efficacy of herbal agents in neonatal jaundice. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), metalloporphyrin, and albumin is also limited to severe or immune-related IHB cases. The prescription of the aforementioned drugs sometimes had different results. Therefore, further research in this regard is necessary.

Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease.

The use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has become an important therapy in numerous gastrointestinal diseases in recent years. Modifying the gut microbiota, this therapeutic approach helps to restore a healthy microbiome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease are among the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. A disrupted intestinal barrier, microbial translocation, and an altered gut microbiome metabolism, or metabolome, are crucial in the pathogenesis of these chronic liver diseases. As pro-, pre-, and synbiotics modulate these targets, they were identified as possible new treatment options for liver disease. In this review, we highlight the current findings on clinical and mechanistic effects of this therapeutic approach in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease.

Nonfood Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Use Reduces All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Pro-, pre-, and synbiotic supplements improve cardiovascular risk factors. However, the association between nonfood pro-, pre-, and synbiotics (NPPS) and long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality has not been studied. Thus, our objective was to determine the impact of nonfood pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This was a retrospective, cohort study of 4837 nationally representative American participants aged 65 years or older with a median follow-up duration of 77 months. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality were measured. A total of 1556 participants died during the median 77-month follow-up, and 517 died from cardiovascular disease. Compared with participants without NPPS use, participants who used NPPS experienced a reduced risk of all-cause mortality by nearly 41% (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79) and cardiovascular mortality by 52% (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.76). Such an effect persisted in most subgroup analyses and complete-case analyses. In this study, we found a protective effect of NPPS against all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Americans aged 65 years or older. Nonfood pro-, pre-, and synbiotics can be a novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality for older individuals.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N-1 and Its Synergies with Oligomeric Isomaltose on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Hu Sheep.

Probiotics have gained tremendous attention as an alternative to antibiotics, while synbiotics may exhibit a greater growth promoting effect than their counterpart probiotics due to the prebiotics' promotion on the growth and reproduction of probiotics. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N-1 and its synbiotic with oligomeric isomaltose on the growth performance and meat quality of Hu sheep. Hu sheep (0-3 days old) were fed with water, probiotics of N-1, or synbiotics (N-1 and oligomeric isomaltose) daily in three pens for 60 days and regularly evaluated to measure growth performance and collect serum (five lambs per group). Longissimus thoracis (LT) and biceps brachii (BB) muscle tissues were collected for the analysis of pH value, color, texture, nutrients, mineral elements, amino acids, volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that dietary supplementation of N-1 tended to improve growth performance and meat quality of Hu sheep, while the synergism of N-1 with oligomeric isomaltose significantly improved their growth performance and meat quality (p < 0.05). Both the dietary supplementation of N-1 and synbiotics (p < 0.05) increased the body weight and body size of Hu sheep. Synbiotic treatment reduced serum cholesterol and improved LT fat content by increasing the transcription level of fatty acid synthase to enhance fat deposition in LT, as determined via RT-qPCR analysis. Moreover, synbiotics increased zinc content and improved LT tenderness by decreasing shear force and significantly increased the levels of certain essential (Thr, Phe, and Met) and non-essential (Asp, Ser, and Tyr) amino acids of LT (p < 0.05). Additionally, synbiotics inhibited the production of carbonyl groups and TBARS in LT and thus maintained antioxidant stability. In conclusion, it is recommended that the use of synbiotics in livestock breeding be promoted to improve sheep production and meat quality.

Pathogen-Specific Benefits of Probiotic and Synbiotic Use in Childhood Acute Gastroenteritis: An Updated Review of the Literature.

Probiotics represent viable microorganisms which are found within the normal gut microbiota, that exert strain-specific benefits in the management of several gastrointestinal disorders in children, including acute gastroenteritis. This review aims to evaluate the pathogen-specific role of probiotic supplementation in childhood diarrhea. A search of scientific databases was conducted to identify studies which investigated efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in influencing outcome of acute gastroenteritis of known etiology. We identified 32 studies, most of which analyzed impact of probiotic supplementation in rotavirus gastroenteritis, while a very limited number of these conducted a separate analysis on bacterial diarrhea. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), L. reuteri and S. boulardii still remain the most researched strains, with a proven role in decreasing diarrhea and hospitalization duration, especially in the setting of rotavirus infection. Combined products containing at least one of the aforementioned strains also performed similarly and might also influence rotavirus fecal shedding. Rotavirus immunization status has also been proposed as a significant influencing factor of probiotic use impact. The paucity of research focusing on bacterial etiologies, as well as of clinical trials conducted within ambulatory care units leaves room for further research on the matter, which needs to include larger cohort studies.

Increased bee venom production in Apis mellifera workers on the provision of probiotics and organic acids

Bee venom of honeybees has great importance in Apitherapy. It cures amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diseases related to central nervous system (CNS), rheumatoid arthritis and inflammations. The potential of honeybee's can be exploited by improving their diets. Recently, the use of synbiotics (simultaneous use of probiotics and prebiotics) has been increased as apipromoters. The current research study was conducted to evaluate the potential of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus brevis and Bacillus clausii) and acidifying agents (Lactic acid and acetic acid) on development of bee sting and its associated gland. Changes in the morphology of this gland affect the amount of venom produced. Significant increases in stings lengths were observed when honeybees were fed with (Pollen + L. rhamnosus in 50% (w/v) sucrose in distilled water) and (Pollen + L. rhamnosus in 50% (w/v) sucrose in 2.91% acetic acid) with mean values of 2.36 ± 0.04 and 2.38 ± 0.05 respectively compared with control's 2.35 ± 0.06 were observed. Significant increase in sting width was observed when bees were fed with (Pollen + B. clausii in 50% w/v sucrose in 2.99% lactic acid), (Pollen + B. clausii in 50% w/v sucrose in1.96% acetic acid), (Pollen + L. brevis in 50% w/v sucrose in distilled water) and (Pollen + L. brevis in 50% w/v sucrose in 2.99% lactic acid) with mean values of 1.84 ± 0.07, 1.79 ± 0.05, 1.87 ± 0.04, 1.78 ± 0.04 compared to control's 1.71 ± 0.03. In addition to this, width of stylet also increased significantly when bees were provided with (Pollen + B. clausii in 50% w/v sucrose in distilled water), (Pollen + B. clausii in 50% w/v sucrose in 2.99% lactic acid), (Pollen + B. clausii in 50% w/v sucrose in 2.91% acetic acid), (Pollen + B. clausii in 50% w/v sucrose in1.96% acetic acid), (Pollen + L. brevis in 50% w/v sucrose in distilled water), (Pollen + L. brevis in 50% w/v sucrose in 2.99% lactic acid), (Pollen + L. brevis in 50% w/v sucrose in 2.91% acetic acid), and (Pollen + L. brevis in 50% w/v sucrose in1.96% acetic acid) with mean values of 65.00 ± 1.58, 57.50 ± 3.23, 62.00 ± 2.00, 65.00 ± 0.00, 65.00 ± 1.58, 60.00 ± 1.58 compared to control's 55.00 ± 3.54. Rest of the observed parameters also depicted reasonable increases. Supplementation of honeybee's feed with organic acids and probiotics resulted in overall sting development.

Gut microbiota and synbiotic foods: Unveiling the relationship in COVID-19 perspective.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the globe and is causing widespread disaster. The impact of gut microbiota on lung disease has been widely documented. Diet, environment, and genetics all play a role in shaping the gut microbiota, which can influence the immune system. Improving the gut microbiota profile through customized diet, nutrition, and supplementation has been shown to boost immunity, which could be one of the preventative methods for reducing the impact of various diseases. Poor nutritional status is frequently linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can affect the immune system. This review emphasizes the necessity of maintaining an adequate level of important nutrients to effectively minimize inflammation and oxidative stress, moreover to strengthen the immune system during the COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, the purpose of this review is to present information and viewpoints on the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as adjuvants for microbiota modification and its effects on COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Review of studies on the use of synbiotic feed additives in compound feeds

The article discusses feed additives with probiotic activity, the composition and methods of their preparation, an assessment of the situation of the use of synbiotic additives in compound feeds. Generalised literature data on the use of synbiotics in animal husbandry and aquaculture are presented, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. A review of studies on the use of feed with probiotic activity in the diet of animals, birds and fish proves the high effectiveness of their use: there is an increase in survival, a decrease in feed conversion, an improvement in the microbiota and the general condition of the animal. Based on the review, a new substrate for growing bacterial strains based on a grain heap of wheat in the early stages of ripeness is proposed.

Use of synbiotics in the production of fermented milk products

In the modern world, an increasing number of people are engaged in issues of proper nutrition in order to preserve their health. A promising direction for preserving the living status of the population is the creation of functional food products. Probiotics are given a special place in the production of functional food products. According to the World Health Organization, these components contribute to the suppression of pathogenic microorganisms and improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics include both bifidobacteria and lactobacilli present in fermented dairy products. The paper provides a justification for the optimal concentration of 0.5% and 0.8% of the symbiotic culture complex used in creating a recipe for thermostatic yogurt. The analysis of the resulting product showed its compliance with organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters.

New Strategies for Enhancement of Infant Milk Formulas Composition

This article covers the issues of remodeling breast milk’s protective properties during creating infant milk formulas. First of all, this concerns the conditions for normal intestinal microbiota development in growing organism. Its quantitative and qualitative features are the trigger of either sanogenetic, or pathological immune and metabolic reactions, and also determine gut-brain axis functioning. The protective significance of prebiotic composition diversity of mammalian milk and the inductive role of breast milk oligosaccharides are shown. The modern concept of synbiotics role in gastrointestinal tract and other systems functioning, as well as the use of modern synbiotics in the creation of infant formulas (available Russian formula included) are presented.