Use Of Soybean Oil Research Articles

COMPARISON OF VISCOSITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOYBEAN OILS WITH A MINERAL OIL TWO–STROKE ENGINE LUBRICANT

Soybean oil is a multipurpose oil that is used extensively in industry. The potential use of soybean oil as an alternative lubricant in two–stroke engines was studied. Physical properties of crude, degummed, and methyl ester forms of soybean oil were measured as a function of temperature in preliminary studies. Subsequent laboratory studies of the viscosity of crude and degummed soybean oil revealed that crude and degummed soybean oils had higher viscosities than that of the mineral oil lubricant at a temperature of 160
C. The viscosity index values of all the soybean oil forms were higher than that of the mineral oil lubricant.

Direct Use of Sunflower Oil as a Compression-Ignition Engine Fuel

Vegetable oils may be used directly as an alternative diesel fuel in compression-ignition engines. Within the scope of this work, employment of sunflower oil in a diesel engine during short- and long-term engine tests were studied, and the fuel characteristics of sunflower oil with its positive and negative aspects are put forward along with our recommendations.

Soybean Oil as an Alternative to Soluble Oil in Machining Mild Steel Materials

This paper investigates the use of soybean oil as alternative cutting fluid to soluble oil in machining a mild steel material. Soybean oil and soluble oil (Standard) are used as cutting fluid when machining a mild steel material and their effect on the mild steel material was observed for 70 days. The results of the study shows that the use of soybean oil lead to a slight corrosion of the mild steel than that of the soluble oil used in the time past. The inability of soybean performance at 100% level to that of soluble oil may be due to racidity (decomposition) of soybean oil on the mild steel material, and the heat generated during machining. Although soybean shows a very high correlation (r) (0.782 and 0.730) on the rate of corrosiveness of the metal samples and looked more stable than soluble oil (fig.1) but still needs a further work. The result obtained by using chi-square (x2) also confirmed the above assertion by having soybean (B1) and soluble oil (S1) as not significant and soybean (B2) and soluble (S2) as significant. Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics VOLUME 1, AUGUST 2000, pp. 17-23

Efeito de sementes oleaginosas inteiras e óleo de soja sobre a digestibilidade in vitro e os padrões ruminais de bezerros holandeses

Este trabalho foi realizado para comparar os efeitos da adição de sementes inteiras de soja e algodão e de óleo de soja sobre os padrões ruminais e a digestibilidade in vitro, em bezerros Holandeses fistulados. Dois bezerros fistulados no rúmen foram alimentados com dieta basal com 2,5% de extrato etéreo (EE), o qual foi comparado com dietas com 5,0% de EE, em que as sementes de soja e algodão inteira ou o óleo de soja foram fontes de EE adicional. A adição de sementes de soja e de algodão resultou em decréscimo na digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), porém não houve alterações na digestibilidade in vitro da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) em relação à dieta controle. A adição de semente algodão provocou decréscimo na digestibilidade in vitro da proteína bruta em comparação à dieta controle. A concentração de ácido propiônico nas dietas com adição de óleo de soja foi 16% mais elevada que a proporcionada pelas demais dietas. O uso de óleo de soja pareceu ser a mais adequada em relação à digestibilidade da matéria seca, FDA e FDN e à manutenção de pH, quando comparado a outros tipos de adição lipídica, porém menos eficiente que a semente de soja em relação à digestibilidade in vitro da proteína bruta. O número de protozoários apresentou grande variação entre dietas, mas nenhum efeito com adição de óleo foi observado. A maior concentração de N-NH3 ruminal foi obtida na dieta com óleo de soja, quando comparada às outras dietas.

Use of soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions to optimize secondary metabolite production

Use of soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions to optimize secondary metabolite production

Use of soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions to optimize secondary metabolite production

A valine-overproducing mutant (MA7040, Streptomyces hygroscopicus) was found to produce 1.5 to 2.0 g/L of the immunoregulant, L-683,590, at the 0.6 m3 fermentation scale in a simple batch process using soybean oil and ammonium sulfate-based GYG5 medium. Levels of both lower (L-683,795) and higher (HH1 and HH2) undesirable homolog levels were controlled adequately. This batch process was utilized to produce broth economically at the 19 m3 fermentation scale. Material of acceptable purity was obtained without the multiple pure crystallizations previously required for an earlier culture, MA6678, requiring valine supplementation for impurity control. Investigations at the 0.6 m3 fermentation scale were conducted, varying agitation, pH, initial soybean oil/ammonium sulfate charges, and initial aeration rate to further improve growth and productivity. Mid-cycle ammonia levels and lipase activity appeared to have an important role. Using mid-cycle soybean oil additions, a titer of 2.3 g/L of L-683,590 was obtained, while titers reached 2.7 g/L using mid-cycle soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions. Both higher and lower homolog levels remained acceptable during this fed-batch process. Optimal timing of mid-cycle oil and ammonium sulfate additions was considered a critical factor to further titer improvements.

Direct Use of Sunflower Oil as a Heating Oil

Vegetable oils in particular have exceptional importance since they can be used as a fuel oil (heating oil type) alternative. In this research evaluation, the possibilities of sunflower oil as a heating oil candidate have been investigated. The fuel oil property tests of sunflower oil were performed according to standard methods. An overall evaluation of data indicates that sunflower oil can be proposed as a possible substitute for heating oil.

Effect of dietary fat and lighting programme on broiler skin strength and elasticity related to skin tearing

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary fat and light programmes during rearing on skin quality of a total of 7800 broilers to resist plucking stress. Experimental treatments were two light programmes of light:dark hours in trials 1 (24:0 and 16:8) and 2 (21:3 and 16:8), and two dietary fat sources of animal fat (AF) and soy bean oil (SBO) in trial 3. Within each trial the broilers were reared in separate pens of each replicate (n = 4) in two similar houses. The total frequency of skin tears and downgraded skin tears caused by the plucking process were registered by visual examination of 325 broilers from each replicate after plucking, and all carcasses were weighed individually. Broilers with intact skin and with skin tears were removed from the slaughter line and after air chilling, breast skin samples with dermis and hypodermis were cut and used for skin tensile strength and elasticity measurement. Light programmes with long dark periods during raising of broilers reduced skin tearing at the processing plant. The use of soy bean oil as dietary fat source in comparison with animal fat increased the skin tearing frequency (P = 0.066) and showed slightly reduced skin elasticity. Skin tears were more frequent among female broilers, and they had a lower skin tensile strength (P < 0.001) and elasticity (P < 0.01). An overall positive correlation between broiler weight and skin tears was found and a negative correlation between frequency of skin tears and breast skin elasticity was found for female broilers, whereas skin strength showed less connection to skin tear occurrence.

Sunflower oil in the treatment of hot tar burns

Hot tar burns compose a unique class of thermal injury, because removal of this highly sticky compound may be very difficult without inflicting additional tissue damage. Early removal of tar facilitates assessment of the burn and improves patient comfort. Although the use of many substances for the painless removal of tar has been described, we used sunflower oil effectively in the treatment of four tar burn patients. This first report describes the practical and successful use of sunflower oil which was easily obtained from the hospital kitchen.

96/06290 An investigation of the use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems

96/06290 An investigation of the use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems

An investigation of the use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems

This report is the result of grants from the soybean growers in Iowa for investigating the potential use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems and other industrial lubricant applications. It was observed that soybean oil naturally performs well in lubricating pump components. The lack of oxidative stability, however, causes an increase in the viscosity of untreated soybean oil during use in hydraulic systems. Three approaches were identified to address this problem. One was the use of additives, second was the use of genetically altered seeds with altered fatty acid profiles, and third was through chemical modification of the soybean oil. The results indicated that the performance of soybean oil can be improved through one or more of the approaches identified.

Fatty Acid Composition of Human Milk in Spain

The fatty acid composition of mature human milk obtained from 40 Spanish women was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The women were from two regions in Spain, Navarre and Catalonia. Milk samples were collected between 20 and 30 days postpartum. The fatty acid composition was expressed as weight percentage (% wt/wt of all fatty acids detected with a C8 to C22 chain length). Monounsaturated fatty acids represent 41.97%, mostly 18:1 n-9/n-7 (38.39%). The second major fraction was formed by saturated fatty acids, 41.09%. Polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (15.23%), included seven long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs; 2.21%). Among LCPs, 1.6% accounted for the n-6 series and 0.64% for the n-3 series. LCPn-6/LCPn-3 ratio was 2.51. Mothers reporting a high fish consumption showed higher (p < 0.05) 22:6 n-3 and 20:5 n-3 content. The use of olive oil as the preferential fat source showed higher 18:1 n-9/n-7 and lower 18:2 n-6 content (p < 0.0001), while the use of sunflower oil instead of olive oil significantly (p < 0.0001) increased 18:2 n-6 and decreased 18:1 n-9/n-7. Regional differences (p < 0.05) were detected only for the n-6 LCP and the total LCP content. The higher n-6 LCP and total LCP content was found in Navarre. This could have been due to different diet habits, like higher egg consumption.

Fatty Acid Composition of Human Milk in Spain

SummaryThe fatty acid composition of mature human milk obtained from 40 Spanish women was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The women were from two regions in Spain, Nevarre and Catalonia. Milk samples were collected between 20 and 30 days postpartum. The fatty acid composition was expressed as weight percentage (% wt/wt of all fatty acids detected with a C8 to C22 chain length). Monounsaturated fatty acids represent 41.97%, mostly 18:1 n‐9/n‐7 (38.39%). The second major fraction was formed by saturated fatty acids, 41.09%. Polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction (15.23%), included seven long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs; 2.21%). Among LCPs, 1.6% accounted for the n‐6 series and 0.64% for the n‐3 series. LCPn‐6/LCPn‐3 ratio was 2.51. Mothers reporting a high fish consumption showed higher (p &lt; 0.05) 22:6 n‐3 and 20:5 n‐3 content. The use of olive oil as the preferential fat source showed higher 18:1 n‐9/n‐7 and lower 18:2 n‐6 content (p &lt; 0.0001), while the use of sunflower oil instead of olive oil significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) increased 18:2 n‐6 and decreased 18:1 n‐9/n‐7. Regional differences (p &lt; 0.05) were detected only for the n‐6 LCP and the total LCP content. The higher n‐6 LCP and total LCP content was found in Navarre. This could have been due to different diet habits, like higher egg consumption.

Omega-3 fatty acid content of the US food supply.

In this study, levels and sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) available for consumption in the US food supply, dating from 1935, are estimated. omega-3 FA assessed are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linolenic acid (LNA). Estimates are based on annual per capita food use data and data on the omega-3 FA content of foods. Although fish use increased, the EPA level was slightly lower in 1985 than in 1935-1939, reflecting a marked decline in use of certain fatty fish. The level of DHA increased, due to greater use of poultry. The level of LNA increased because of greater use of soybean oil. These estimates are currently the only source of data on omega-3 FA in the American diet.

L'impact du soja sur le marché des oléagineux : le cas portugais

In Portugal, the animal feed industry began to use soybean during the sixties. A crushing capacity was created in 1975, expanding rapidly and exporting soybean oij and cake. Expansion in this sector which originated in Spain and secured its place on the world market, had lead to the development of an important equipment industry. The use of soybean oil was delayed in Portugal because of the resistance of olive oil and colonial oilseed interests. But the soybean oil entered the competition and has remplaced the traditional sources. This evolution increased the dependancy and created a new external articulation where the United States has the major position. The introduction of soybean is no longer questioned to day because it has induced the growth of the animal feed industry and given raw material to fish conserveries and margarine industry. Internal intervention mechanisms (exchange control, foreign transfers...) have distorted the price formation and the liberalization of imports has not reached its objective. Reforms are necessary in order to obtain better competitivness, especially for the entry in the European Economic Community.

Vitamin E status of agricultural migrant workers in Southern Brazil

Vitamin E status of agricultural migrant workers representing low socioeconomic population of Southern Brazil was evaluated by determining dietary intake and plasma levels of vitamin E. The mean plasma vitamin E level of 85 female and 39 male subjects was 1.14 +/- 0.33 mg/100 ml or 2.27 +/- 0.53 mg/g of total lipids in plasma. The difference between the plasma vitamin E values of male and female subjects was insignificant. Using various criteria for the assessment of plasma vitamin E levels, it was established that plasma vitamin E expressed in terms of plasma total lipids is a better indicator of vitamin E status. The actual mean alpha-tocopherol intake of this population was 5.51 +/- 3.30 mg/person from a typical diet supplying about 1500 kcal/day. On a 2500 kcl basis, the estimated mean alpha-tocopherol intake would be about 9 mg/day which compares favorably with the intake values reported for well-nourished populations. The main dietary source of vitamin E in this population is the traditional rice and beans diet with increased use of soybean oil and vegetable oil products in recent years. On the whole the vitamin E status of this Brazilian population is quite satisfactory despite inadequacies in their intake of dietary calories and other essential nutrients. The plasma vitamin E status of these subjects supports the dietary data for the intake of vitamin E in this population.

Sunflower oil processing from crude to salad oil

AbstractWorld‐wide use of sunflower oil is second only to soybean oil. Interest in domestic use as a premium salad oil is very recent. The high ratio of polyunsaturated‐to‐saturated fatty acids makes sunflower oil a premium salad oil. Sunflower oil, however, contains a small amount of high melting wax which must be removed to avoid settling problems. It is possible to produce a brilliant, dewaxed, deodorized sunflower oil with over a 100‐hr cold test at 0 C. This quality oil can be produced by conventional caustic refining, dewaxing, bleaching and deodorization. A quality finished oil may also be produced by dewaxing and steam refining. This paper reviews various methods for processing sunflower oil from the crude state through the finished, dewaxed, deodorized salad oil.

Isolation of lipoxygenase-like enzyme from Fusarium oxysporum.

A potent fungus for lipoxygenase-like enzyme production was isolated from soil during a screening test by the method of surface culture with soybean oil. The fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. The production of a lipoxygenase-like enzyme was also seen from all other Fusarium sp. tested. The enzyme was produced intracellularly. A starting pH above 8, use of soybean oil as the carbon source and of soybean flour as the nitrogen source and low oxygen tension were necessary conditions for the optimal formation of the enzyme. Hydroperoxide produced by Fusarium lipoxygenase was observed in thin-layer chromato-graphy to coincide in Rf value with that produced by soybean lipoxygenase. Co2+ stabilized the enzyme. Optimal pH for the crude enzyme was 6 or 10. In the pH range of 12_??_13 the activity increased as pH rose. The enzyme showed higher specificity for linoleate.

Use of sunflower seed in food products

Sunflowers (Helianthus annus L.) is one of the world's leading oilseed crops. Sunflower oil ranks second only to soybean oil in world vegetable oil production. Its high ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids and its good stability characteristics make sunflower oil highly attractive for use as a cooking oil or in salad oils and margarine. Whole sunflower kernels and high protein sunflower meal can be incorporated into human food formulations. Topics of interest in the review will be the development of the sunflower crop in the United States, seed structure and composition, processing of the seed into oil and meal products, and marketing potential. Also, a review will be made of research on confectionery sunflowers and on the use of sunflower oil and meal in food products.

Oil dialysis for ethchlorvynol intoxication.

A case report of acute ethchlorvynol intoxication treated by hemodialysis with the use of soybean oil as the dialysate is presented. Detoxification of the patient by removal of drug was judged to be more effective when the dialysate was soybean oil than when its conventional aqueous counterpart was employed. The efficacy of drug removal was indicated by lowering of drug levels in the patient's blood and reversal of the state of coma. Supportive data from correlative studies performed in vitro with the use of dog's blood indicated effective removal of drug by lipid dialysis. Similar information was obtained with the use of a model dialysis cell. A twentyfold greater solubility of the drug in oil compared to aqueous dialysate probably explains the greater effectiveness of hemodialysis with oil.