Use Of Soybean Oil Research Articles

Sheepskin gelatin-based edible film: the use of soybean oil as a plasticizer

Abstract This study aimed to develop edible films based on sheepskin gelatin, incorporating soybean oil as a plasticizer. Treatment was divided into three groups, namely GO1, GO2, and GO3, each containing soybean oil at 0%, 2.5%, and 5% (v/v). A homogenizer was used to combine gelatin from sheepskin and soybean oil. Then, ultrasound was applied to form edible films. The results showed that adding soybean oil increased the films thickness, opacity, water resistance, and moisture content. However, it decreased the transparency and swelling of the films. It also did not affect the water activity of the films. The GO3 sample had the highest L* value, a*, and b* values. It also had the lowest ∆E value, which indicated that it was close to the color of the original material. The peak wavenumbers changed after adding soybean oil, especially in the amide A and fingerprint regions. A notable shift occurred at the peak wavenumber of 1744.94 cm−1, which represented the vibrational stretching of C=O in triglycerides. The produced edible film had low flexibility, but it serves as a valuable reference for developing safe and practical films using gelatin sheepskin with natural oils as plasticizers.

Effects of different lipid sources with or without a probiotic on gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of chickens: An animal model.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different lipid sources, with or without a probiotic, on the gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of Ross 308 male chickens. In this study, 360 one-day-old chickens were randomly allotted to six treatments with six replicates. Experimental diets were: (1) control (CTL); (2) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from tallow (CTL+TLW); (3) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from soybean oil (CTL+SO); (4) the basal diet plus a probiotic (CTL+PRO), (5) a diet containing 30 g/kg tallow plus probiotic (TLW+PRO); and (6) a diet containing 30 g/kg soybean oil plus probiotic (SO+PRO). The percentage of liver and jejunum in the treatments that used tallow alone or tallow with probiotics had a significant increase as compared to the control. The villus height and crypt depth of the ileum and villus height/crypt depth in the treatments that used soybean oil and probiotic alone had a significant increase compared to the control. The weight of the spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus in the treatments that used probiotics had a significant increase compared to the control. The amount of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase as well as triacylglycerol in the treatment containing probiotic and its mixture with soybean oil had the least significant difference with the control. The results showed that the use of soybean oil, probiotics, and their mixture can improve intestinal morphology, strengthen the immune system, and reduce liver enzymes in chickens.

Effects of the simultaneous use of post-industrial polypropylene waste plastic and soybean oil recycling additive on the performance of high-RAP recycled mixtures

Using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in asphalt concrete (AC) reduces the need for nonrenewable resources. However, excessive RAP can cause premature cracking in pavements due to its stiff and aged nature. To address this issue, studies propose the incorporation of recycling agents (RA) in RAP recycled mixtures. Nevertheless, incorporating RA may reduce mixture's rutting and moisture resistance. Alternatively, incorporating waste plastic in AC can positively balance the RA negative effects. Therefore, this study explores the simultaneous use of polypropylene (PP) waste plastics and soybean oil RA to improve the overall performance of high-RAP mixtures. Due to its high melting point, PP can have different roles in the asphalt mixture depending on the mixing temperature used. To explore that, three different methods of incorporating PP into a high-RAP mixture were attempted. Five different mixtures were developed varying the binder (virgin and modified with RA), and the PP mixing procedure. Then, the mixtures were subjected to performance-based testing procedures (SCB IFIT and HWTT) as well as to boiling test to verify binder-aggregate adhesion. It was confirmed that the use of soybean oil enhances the cracking performance of the high-RAP mixtures, but the rutting and moisture performances were compromised. However, incorporating PP made the mixture more resistant to moisture and rutting in different instances. It was found that pre-heating the aggregates at higher than PP melting point allows a better coating of aggregates by PP, and results in improved binder-aggregate adhesion, leading to better cracking, rutting, and moisture performance of high-RAP mixtures.

Distearoylphosphatidylglyceroland dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol increase the retention and reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B-loaded in nanoemulsions.

Aim: To develop nanoemulsions (NEs) loading amphotericin B (AmB) and to evaluate the influence of different excipients on the stability and the supramolecular organization, retentionand toxicity of AmB. Materials & methods: The NEs were developed from different oils, surfactants, external mediaand anionic lipids (disteaoryl phosphatidylglycerol [DSPG]and dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol [DOPG]). Their impact on the size, pH, zeta potential, AmB encapsulation efficiency, AmB retentionand hemolytic potential of the NEs was evaluated. Results& conclusion: The use of soybean oil (lipid matrix), Span 80 (surfactant), phosphate buffer (external phase) and DSPG or DOPG (hydrophobic ion pair) provided better NE stability, higher AmB retention within the NEs and a safer formulationprofile in hemolysis tests.

Use of Soybean Oil like as Fuel for Diesel Cycle Engine

Diesel fuel price is rapidly increasing burdening the agricultural production costs. Additionally, diesel is contributing to a significant amount of life cycle greenhouse gases emissions. Strategically, using agricultural feedstock, such as soybean oil, will reduce fossil fuel price volatility and carbon footprint from agriculture. Although cheaper than biodiesel, use of pure soybean oil has shown to damage a regular diesel engine because of its high viscosity. In this work, a novel technology was developed and tested to overcome this problem by fueling a direct injection Diesel engine with refined soybean oil (edible oil) heated by engine coolant and exhaust gases. Thermal efficiency, air/fuel ratio, fuel injection timing, exhaust temperature and exhaust emissions were evaluated. The major finding of this study was to identify the feasibility of running a modified engine properly with heated soybean oil. The results showed that soybean oil use reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides, but contributes both to lower thermal efficiency and higher emissions of other products such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter compared to fossil diesel. Despite these negative results, solutions to reduce pollutant emissions are feasible.

Use of soybean oil to modulate the gel properties of soybean protein isolation-wheat gluten composite with or without CaCl2.

Plant protein is widely used in the study of animal protein substitutes and healthy sustainable products. The gel properties are crucial for the production of plant protein foods. Therefore, this study investigated the use of soybean oil to modulate the gel properties of soybean protein isolation-wheat gluten composite with or without CaCl2 . It was demonstrated that oil droplets filled protein network pores under the addition of soybean oil (1~2%). This resulted in an enhanced gel hardness and WHC. Further adding soybean oil (3~4%), oil droplets and some protein-oil compounds increased the distance between the protein molecule chain. The results of FT-IR and intermolecular interaction also showed that the disulfide bond and β-sheet ratio decreased in the gel system, which damaged the overall structure of the gel network. Compared with 0M CaCl2 addition, salt ion reduced the electrostatic repulsion between proteins, and local protein crosslinking was more intense at 0.005M CaCl2 concentration. In this study, structural properties and rheological analysis showed that the overall strength of the gel was weakened after the addition of CaCl2 . The presence of appropriate amount of soybean oil can fill the gel pores and improve the texture properties and network structure of SPI-WG composite gel. Excessive soybean oil may hinder protein-protein interaction and adversely affect protein gel. In addition, the presence or absence of CaCl2 significantly affected the gelling properties of SPI-WG composite protein gels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Determination of the Oil Content of Sunflower Seeds Using Natural Samples of Sunflower Oil: on the Example of the Calibration of a Pulsed NMR Analyzer

One of the main parameters of sunflower seeds is its oil content. This characteristic is mandatory for certifica[1]tion of agricultural products and assessment of their value. IR spectroscopy and pulsed NMR methods are widely used to determine the oil content.The purpose of the research was to scientifically and practically substantiate the possibility of using sunflower oil samples for calibrating NMR analyzers, identifying and assessing the quality of oilseeds and products of their processing based on the NMR method. The comparison of the results of various options for the calibration of a pulsed NMR analyzer for determining the oil content of sunflower seeds was carried out. The first option was to measure the NM relaxation characteristics of oil protons from prepared samples of sunflower seeds, followed by determination of their oil content by exhaustive extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus, construction of a calibration equation based on the obtained data, and entering its coefficients into the program of NMR analyzers.The resulting calibration was the base one, with which other calibration options were compared. The second option was to use for calibrating the NMR analyzer various samples of sunflower oil obtained by pressing from sunflower seeds of the same varieties and hybrids, that were used for the first calibration option, as well as sunflower oil samples purchased in a commercial network. Five samples evenly distributed in the range from 2.000 g to 7.000 g with an accuracy of 0.001 g were taken from each oil sample using laboratory scales, and the amplitudes of proton NMR signals were measured in them. The dependency between the oil mass of the analyzed samples and the amplitude of proton NMR signals in them was graphed. Comparison of the obtained calibration dependences showed their close nature. Mathematical calculations have shown that the use of sunflower oil for the calibration of NMR analyzers does not lead to an increase in the error in the measurement results of the oil content of sunflower seeds compared to the first option of the calibration.The practical significance of the research will considerably simplify the calibration process, reduce the calibration time from 3–4 days to 3–4 hours, and eliminate the use of toxic solvents and additional expensive equipment without a significant change in the error in determining the oil content of sunflower seeds by NMR.

Susceptibility of bacterial species isolated from mares to ozonated sunflower oil

Sunflower oil is known for its therapeutic properties and culinary use. It is an important alimentary source of tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acids, and is used especially for wound healing. Studies on its antimicrobial potential, however, are lacking. The ozonation of oils of vegetable sources has been explored to enhance their therapeutic properties; however, studies that provide evidence of such benefits are still lacking. In the field of veterinary medicine, such data are even more scarce. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of ozonated sunflower oil was compared to that of non-ozonated oil, in an in vitro system, against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, isolated from intrauterine lavages of mares with endometritis. Tests were conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The ozonated oil was effective against S. aureus, whereas it was not against E. coli isolates. Our data open doors for discussion on the use of sunflower oil, with or without ozone treatment, for therapeutic purposes in veterinary medicine.

Enhanced fermentation of biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids on the pilot scale under efficient foam control with addition of soybean oil

Biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are green alternatives to chemically synthesized surfactants. However, these biosurfactants typically have a high cost-of-production limiting their adoption for industrial applications. In this study, an optimized fermentation process at pilot scale to furnish MELs with Pseudozyma aphidis DSM 70725 was developed. This involved the optimization of the levels of Fe2+, Fe3+ to improve the fermentation efficacy and the use of soybean oil to reduce the foam generated during fermentative production of MELs. The MELs titer, production rate and the conversion ratio of the carbon source was enhanced to 61 g/L, 0.255 g/L/h and 0.68 g/g, respectively. These optimizations resulted in approximately 100% improvement over regular fermentation processes and are amenable to the large-scale fermentation of MELs employing soybean oil as an antifoam agent to overcome foaming issues.

Susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from mares to ozonated sunflower oil

Sunflower oil is known for its therapeutic properties and culinary use. It is an important alimentary source of tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acids, and is used especially for wound healing. Studies indicate that it also has antimicrobial potential. The ozonation of oils of vegetable sources has been explored as a way to enhance their therapeutic properties; however, studies that provide evidence of such benefits are still lacking. In the field of veterinary medicine, such data are even more scarce. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of ozonated sunflower oil was compared to that of non-ozonated oil, in an in vitro system. We used clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, obtained from intrauterine lavages of mares with endometritis. Tests were conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Our data open doors for discussion on the use of sunflower oil, with or without ozone treatment, for therapeutic purposes in veterinary medicine.

Wound healing: In vitro effects of the pharmacotherapeutic use of sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus)

Enquadramento: Óleos vegetais apresentam ação antimicrobiana e promovem a proliferação celular. O óleo de girassol é usado como alternativa para o tratamento de feridas cutâneas, especialmente nos países subdesenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Caracterizar o óleo de girassol e avaliar os efeitos in vitro na proliferação celular e na atividade antimicrobiana. Metodologia: Análises por cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas, testes de proliferação celular e atividade antimicrobiana. Resultados: Na análise cromatográfica do óleo de girassol identificaram-se os compostos maioritários - ácidos gordos insaturados (82,2%) tendo como principais lípidos os ácidos linoleico (47,8%), oleico (28,7%) e linolênico (3,9%), seguidos pelos ácidos saturados (12,70%), palmítico (8,8%) e esteárico (3,6%). Houve diferença (p < 0,001) entre os tratamentos com óleo de girassol (100 e 10 μg/ml) e controlos negativos na proliferação celular. Ineficácia na atividade antimicrobiana frente às bactérias Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis e Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusão: A composição do óleo de girassol mostrou elevada concentração de ácidos gordos essenciais, promoveu proliferação celular, mas não inibiu atividade bacteriana.

Enhancement of the properties of carbon-black-filled natural rubber compounds containing soybean oil cured with peroxide through the addition of coagents

Due to the hazard of the commercial rubber processing oil such as distillate aromatic extract (DAE), many rubber researchers play attention to find the green alternatives. Vegetable oils seem to gain a lot of attraction for this. It is not just only due to their environmentally friendly nature but also their abundance and affordable cost. The use of soybean oil (SBO) for the carbon black-filled rubber compounds was focused here and comparatively discussed with the use of DAE. Furthermore, this work also proposed the way to improve the mechanical properties and environmental endurance of the rubber compounds containing SBO by adding coagents. There were two types of coagent including trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) used here. It was found that the cure time, cure rate index, and cure reaction rate constant of SBO-added rubber compounds with and without coagents were higher than those of DAE-added rubber compounds, whereas the activation energy of SBO-added rubber compounds was lower than the one with DAE. Without coagent, the mechanical properties of rubber compounds with DAE and SBO are equal. However, the addition of coagents improved the mechanical properties of rubber compounds containing SBO. The modulus at 100% strain, modulus at 200% strain, and tensile strength of TMPTMA-added rubber compounds increased by 41%, 48%, and 15%, respectively, whereas the rubber compounds with TAIC increased by 7%, 8%, and 20%, respectively, when compared to the one with SBO alone. Interesting, the SBO-added rubber compounds with and without coagents showed better thermal aging and ozone resistances than the DAE-added rubber compounds. All results showed that the presence of coagents especially TMPTMA gave the SBO-added rubber compound with the superior performance to the DAE-added rubber compound and the SBO-added rubber compound without coagent.

Effect of Supplementing Dairy Goat Diets With Rapeseed Oil or Sunflower Oil on Performance, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and in vitro Fermentation Kinetics.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing dairy goat diets with rapeseed oil and sunflower oil on performance, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and in vitro fermentation kinetics. Nine Danish Landrace goats with 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days. Animals received a basal diet, formulated with 85:15 forage:concentrate ratio, and the basal diet was supplemented with either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil at 4% of dry matter. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. Milk composition was similar between treatments. From day 14 to day 42, milk yield increased (1.03 vs. 1.34 kg/d), while milk fat (2.72 vs. 1.82 g/d) and total solids (11.2 vs. 9.14 %) were reduced. Compared to control and rapeseed oil, sunflower decreased (P < 0.05) C4:0 (1.56, and 1.67 vs. 1.36 g/100 g) and both oils decreased (P < 0.05) C18:3n3 (0.60 vs. 0.20 and 0.10 g/100g). Rapeseed oil increased (P < 0.05) C18:2 cis9, trans11 compared to control and sunflower oil (0.37 vs. 0.13 and 0.19 g/100 g). Untargeted milk foodomics revealed slightly elevated (P < 0.05) gluconic acid and decreased hippuric acid (P < 0.05) in the milk of oil-fed goats compared to control. In vitro dry matter degradation (63.2 ± 0.02 %) was not affected by dietary treatments, while individual volatile fatty acid proportions, total volatile fatty acids (35.7 ± 2.44 mmol/l), CO2 (18.6 ± 1.15 mol), and CH4 (11.6 ± 1.16 mol) were not affected by dietary treatments. Sunflower oil and rapeseed oil decreased (P < 0.05) total gas production at 24 and 48 h compared with control. Overall, the use of sunflower oil or rapeseed oil at 4% DM inclusion did not compromise animal performance and milk composition.

Modeling the effect of immersion fluids on the radiofrequency heating performance of cornflour

Non-uniform heating is a significant challenge in radiofrequency (RF) heating of low moisture foods. Previous experiments showed that the immersion of fluids (air, deionized water, and soybean oil) changed the RF heating uniformity and rate of cornflour. However, the behind mechanism is not well understood. This study developed a finite-element-based model that incorporated quasi-static electromagnetics and Fourier’s heat transfer to understand the effect of the three immersion fluids on the RF heating performance of cornflour. The model was validated and showed good agreement with experimental thermal images. The simulation results showed that the immersion of soybean oil increased the average heating rate and improved the heating uniformity compared to immersions of air and deionized water. Less distortion of electric potential reduced the fringe effect of edge heating and thus improved the heating uniformity. The higher heating rate was attributed to more dissipated power within the cornflour sample and less surface heat loss from cornflour to the surrounding fluid than the immersion of air or water. The use of soybean oil as immersion fluid could be a promising strategy to be implemented with RF technology to improve heating performance of low moisture food products.

The Effects of Frying Method and Oil Type on the Quality Attributes of Turkey Nuggets and Frying Oils

AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine the effects of frying under standard atmospheric and pressure conditions on some quality characteristics of turkey nuggets. Turkey nuggets are fried under atmospheric and pressure conditions using sunflower or hazelnut oil. Pressure frying decreases the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of turkey nuggets while sunflower oil increases this value. Under atmospheric conditions, nuggets fried with hazelnut oils show higher moisture content than hazelnut oil. The pH is affected by the type of oil. The frying under pressure results in a decrease in the internal and external a* value of nuggets. Under pressure conditions, the use of hazelnut oil increases the external a* value. The application of pressure also causes an increase in the external L* value in the presence of sunflower oil. These treatments also show higher hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness values compared to atmospheric condition. The use of sunflower oil causes a decrease in resilience, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness values. After frying, hazelnut oil shows lower peroxide and total polar material values than sunflower oil. However, peroxide value and total polar material are not affected by frying method.Practical applications: Color and texture are very important factors for the quality of nuggets. Pressure and atmospheric conditions show different effects on color parameters. Frying under pressure conditions decreases the external L*, which is an important quality parameter. Hazelnut oil shows lower TBARS value than sunflower oil. Moreover, pressure application causes a decrease in TBARS value. Frying process under pressure decreases the hardness and adhesiveness, while it increases the juiciness of product. On the other hand, the use of hazelnut oil as frying oil shows less changes in peroxide and total polar material during frying than sunflower oil, but the frying method and oil type interaction has no significant influence on these parameters.

Soybean Oil-Based Biopolymers Induced by Nonthermal Plasma to Enhance the Dyeing of Para-Aramids with a Cationic Dye.

To overcome the recalcitrance of para-aramid textiles against dyeing, this study demonstrated that increasing the functionalities of soybean oil applied to the surface of para-aramids followed by a nonthermal plasma (NTP) treatment improved the dyeing color strength compared with the use of soybean oil alone, and that dyeing occurred through covalent bonding. Particularly, compared with the pretreatment using soybean oil that obtained the highest color strength of 3.89 (as K/S value determined from spectral analysis of the sample reflectance in the visible range), the present pretreatments with either acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) or a mixture of acrylic acid and soybean oil (AA/Soy) achieved K/S values higher than nine (>9.00). The NTP treatment, after the AESO or AA/Soy pretreatment, was essential in inducing the formation of a polymerized network on the surface of para-aramids that bonded the dye molecules and generating covalent bonds that anchored the polymerized network to the para-aramids, which is difficult to achieve given the high crystallinity and chemical inertness of para-aramids. As an important economic consideration, the sequential experimentation method demonstrated that a simple mixture of AA/Soy could replace the expensive AESO reagent and render a comparable performance in dyeing para-aramids. Among the auxiliary additives tested with the AESO and AA/Soy pretreatments followed by NPT treatment in this study, Polysorbate 80 as a surfactant negatively affected the dyeing, benzyl alcohol as a swelling agent had minimal effect, and NaCl as an electrolyte showed a positive effect. The dyeing method developed in this study did not compromise the strength of para-aramids.

An Edible Oil Enriched with Lycopene from Pink Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Using Different Mechanical Treatments.

According to the regulations of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), organic solvents should be limited in pharmaceutical and food products due to their inherent toxicity. For this reason, this short paper proposes different mechanical treatments to extract lycopene without organic solvents to produce an edible sunflower oil (SFO) enriched with lycopene from fresh pink guavas (Psidium guajava L.) (FPGs). The methodology involves the use of SFO and a combination of mechanical treatments: a waring blender (WB), WB+ high-shear mixing (HSM) and WB+ ultrafine friction grinding (UFFG). The solid:solvent (FPG:SFO) ratios used in all the techniques were 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20. The results from optical microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy showed a correlation between the concentration of lycopene in SFO, vegetable tissue diameters and FPG:SFO ratio. The highest lycopene concentration, 18.215 ± 1.834 mg/g FPG, was achieved in WB + UFFG with an FPG:SFO ratio of 1:20. The yield of this treatment was 66% in comparison to the conventional extraction method. The maximal lycopene concentration achieved in this work was significantly higher than the values reported by other authors, using high-pressure homogenization for tomato peel and several solvents such as water, SFO, ethyl lactate and acetone.

Effects of Coated Trace Minerals and the Fat Source on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens.

Inorganic trace minerals may exacerbate lipid peroxidation, thereby impacting lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare the effects of inorganic and coated trace minerals in diets with different fat sources, on the performance, slaughter characteristics, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. A total of 576 21-day-old Abor Acres broiler birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatment groups in a 2 (non-coated and coated trace minerals)×2 (soybean oil and lard) factorial design. Each treatment was replicated 12 times (12 birds per replicate). The results showed that coated minerals significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) in weight and the feed conversion ratio (P<0.01), increased serum iron, zinc, selenium, and thyroxine contents, increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and lipoprotein lipase (P<0.05), and decreased the serum and muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (P<0.01). The use of soybean oil as the fat source resulted in a high ADG in weight, a low F/G ratio, reduced serum MDA content, and drip loss of breast and leg muscles (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of coated trace minerals improved growth performance, antioxidant status, trace mineral retention within serum, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, soybean oil also improved the growth performance, antioxidant performance, and meat quality of broilers. The combination of coated trace minerals and soybean oil generated the best growth performance, antioxidant status, and meat quality characteristics.

Белый люпин в полнорационных комбикормах

The article is devoted to the current problem of providing rations with a source of protein with a high biological value. Such a source is suggested to be white lupine and products of its processing. Since, white lupine exceeds the protein content of peas, vetch and other legumes by more than 10%. And the significant content of fat in its composition allows, when using it, to reduce or completely abandon the use of sunflower oil in the diet. This favorably distinguishes white lupine from soybean and sunflower meal and cake, as well as partially animal feed, which are currently used as the main sources of fodder protein. This statement is confirmed in our experiments. As a result, it was found that the use of white lupine in the structures of complete feeds can improve the nutritional value of rations. It has a positive effect on the increase in live weight in animals with the inclusion of native white lupine in the structure of the diet in an amount of 10% to 33%, respectively, with a content of lupine in the diet of 20%, the increase in live weight is 95% higher. Provides a decrease in the cost of the resulting complete feed, when lupine is included in its structure in an amount of 10% by 4.35% and with a lupine content of 20%, the cost of 1 kg of compound feed is reduced by 14.49%. The use of white lupine allowed the experimental animals to use the food efficiently. The lowest costs were observed in the 3 test group. Energy costs were lower by 48.80%, crude protein by 47.22% and digestible protein by 51.3%. In the 2 experimental groups, the costs of metabolic energy, crude protein and digestible protein were lower by 25.00%, 26.38% and 39.20, respectively. Thus, the inclusion of white lupine in the structure of the diet helps to improve the nutritional value of rations, to reduce the cost of nutrients and feed, improving the economic indicators of the maintenance of animals.

Sunflower Oil–Beeswax Oleogels Are Promising Frying Medium for Potato Strips

AbstractSunflower oil–beeswax oleogels at 3% (BWO‐3) and 8% (BWO‐8) organogelator concentration are prepared to evaluate oleogels as frying medium for potato strip frying against commercial sunflower oil (SO). Rheological and thermal analyses of oleogels prove that the samples are fully solid (20±3 °C) and totally liquid (180 °C), and thermoreversible. Fresh and used (after frying) fat analyses show that free fatty acidity (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and total polar materials (TPM) are enhanced in all samples at the 7th h, but the relative enhancement levels are lower in oleogel samples. Potato strips fried in oleogels absorb significantly less oil (11.97% and 12.07%) than the control sample (15.20%). Potatoes fried in oleogels are also more bright and yellower than the control sample. Textural profile of the fried potatoes indicates that the samples fried in oleogels are harder, springier, and gummier than that of the control sample. Sensory analysis shows that oleogel fried potatoes get higher sensory scores. Also, overall acceptability of potatoes fried in BWO‐8 sample is the highest (8.50) among all. The prepared oleogels are found quite promising frying medium in this study. Further studies with other types of oleogels in extended period frying of various foods are suggested.Practical applications: The development of innovative frying techniques to produce healthier products with lower fat and calorie values are still a remarkable research area. Oleogelation is an emerging strategy used for solid‐like oil designing and based on the formation of 3D networks by the addition of organogelators. Oleogelation is accepted as a healthy strategy to structure liquid oils into solid consistency, and oleogels have great edible applications in processed foods, and can be used as a frying medium. This work can guide the use of sunflower oil–beeswax oleogels as a frying medium and allow the development of more healthy fried snacks.