Use Of Steel Slag Research Articles

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Sustainable Use of Steel Slag for Geogrid-Encased Column Involving Its Clogging Effects

This study investigates the sustainable use of steel slag for a geogrid-encased column involving its reinforcement and clogging effects on its consolidation performance in soft foundations through model tests and 3D hydromechanical-coupled finite element analyses. The 3D finite element model is first validated according to test results of an untreated and treated soft soil foundation. Then, a parametric study investigating the effect of clogging on the performance of the geogrid-encased steel slag column (GESSC) is carried out. Steel slags mixed with different percentages of fine (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) are used to simulate various clogging conditions. The numerical study shows that the percentage of fines in the GESSC has a notable effect on the dissipation of excess pore water pressure as well as foundation consolidation.

Study on Partial Replacement of Cement and Coarse Aggregate by Egg Shell Powder and Steel Slag in Concrete

Abstract: In this research, eggshell powder (ESP) was used as a partial substitute for cement in concrete to decrease the usage of cement in concrete production. The main objective of the study was to determine the workability and reinforcing properties including compression, tensile and flexural strength of concrete using various percentages (0, 10, 20,&10) of ESP by weight instead of cement. A total of 38 concrete samples were cast (12 cubic meters, 12 cylinders and 12 prisms) with a target strength of 28 N/mm2. The compressive strength of a cube sample (150 × 150 × 150 mm) was tested after 7, and 28 days, while tensile strength were also measured for 7 days and 28 days using a cylindrical specimen (200 × 100 mm). The bending strength of the specimen (100 x 100 x 500 mm), cast during 7, and 28 days of curing. The test results showed that during the. With ESP 20%, tensile strength increased by 30%, and a maximum strength of 20% was obtained using ESP 20% during 28-day cure. As the percentage of ESP increases, the workability of fresh concrete decreases. ESP is used in concrete to enhance the power of a concert. Natural aggregates are becoming scarce and their production and shipments is also becoming more difficult. The main objective of this study is to identify alternative source of good quality aggregates which is depleting very fast rate due to the fast pace of construction activities in India and to improve the workability and durability of concrete. Use of steel slag as a waste industrial which is the by-Product of iron and steel production provides great opportunity to utilize it as an alternate to normally available coarse aggregates. In this study concrete of M30grade for a w/c ratio of 0.45 respectively for the replacement of 10%,20% and 30% of coarse aggregates by steel slag which is produced as a waste material in steel industry and has a negative impact on environment when disposed. The investigation reveals that the steel slag could be utilized as coarse aggregate in all the concrete applications and shows a considerable improvement in the compressive strength of concrete over the control mixes by 7 to 8%. Results show that the concrete incorporating steel slag has higher compressive strength and an increase in density and stability was clearly observed in the specimens replaced with steel slag as coarse aggregate

Laboratory Study of Steel Slag Used for Stabilizing Expansive Soil

This paper presents an experimental study in stabilization of expansive soil using Steel Slag (SS). Experimental program was conducted to evaluate the influence of Steel Slag on improving the engineering properties of expansive clay. A series of tests to measure consistency limits, free swell index, compaction parameters and unconfined compressive strength of natural and stabilized soils. The effectiveness of adding 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 percentages of SS to the soil was studied. Comparing the results obtained for the natural and stabilized soils, revealed that SS has significant effect on strength parameters and considerable improvement in plasticity and swelling properties. Addition of SS to the soil increased the dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content as well as increased the unconfined compressive strength. It is concluded that the use of steel slag to enhance properties of expansive soil is successful and beneficial.

The investigation on properties of sodium sulfate-activated mortar incorporating steel slag with various replacement ratio and particle size

The alkali-activated materials are alternatives for replacing Portland cement to manufacture concrete products, which has benefits on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and supporting the development of green sustainable construction. The combined use of steel slag (SS) and alkali activator (AA) to make alkali-activated concrete not only reuse the industrial waste but also improve the activity of SS. There are many types of chemicals can be used as AA, such as sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate (SST). In this study, SST was chosen as the AA, and the performance of alkali-activated mortar incorporating SS from 0 to 12.5% of Portland cement by mass, activated by SST with the dosage varying from 0 to 3% of cement by mass, was investigated. In addition, two types of SS, of which the particle sizes are less than 75 μm and 150 μm, were used to manufacture alkali-activated SS mortar. Flow table test, compressive strength test and flexural strength test were conducted to evaluate the fresh and hardened properties of alkali-activated steel slag (AA-SS) mortar. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in this study as an analysis method. As result, the addition of SS tends to decrease the strength of mortar, while the addition of SST could lead to the increase in the strength of mortar.

Environmental factors of utilizing steel slag as building materials and backfill materials

This study aims to present about national and international regulations, standards reletated to environment parameters when using steel slag as building materials and backfill materials. As a part of this research, environmetal tests were undertaken to determine the hazardous components, natural radioactivity and potential of leaching heavy metals of steel slag samples. The laboratory test results shown that steel slag is classified as a non-hazardous industrial waste. In terms of natural radioactivity, steel slags were found to pose no environmetal risks for use as building materials and backfill material. Although trace amount of heavy metals was found in steel slag components, leachable heavy metals analysis implied the low possibility of leaching issue for steel slag applications. To give out a comprehensive conclusion on the environment impact of the use of steel slag, further environmental tests under actual conditions need to be performed. However, this initial laboratory test results demonstrated that steel slags have a great potential for use as building materials and backfill material without environmetal risks surrounding the area of use.

Coupled Effect of Polypropylene Fibers and Slag on the Impact Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Concrete.

The disposal of steel slag leads to the occupation of large land areas, along with many environmental consequences, due to the release of poisonous substances into the water and soil. The use of steel slag in concrete as a sand-replacement material can assist in reducing its impacts on the environment and can be an alternative source of fine aggregates. This is the very first paper that seeks to experimentally investigate the cumulative effect of steel slag and polypropylene fibers, particularly on the impact resistance of concrete. Various concrete mixes were devised by substituting natural sand with steel slag at volumetric replacement ratios of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, with and without fibers. Polypropylene fibers of 12 mm length were introduced into the steel slag concrete at 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by weight of cement as a reinforcing material. Performance evaluation of each mix through extensive experimental testing indicated that the use of steel slag as partial substitution of natural sand, up to a certain optimum replacement level of 30%, considerably improved the compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the concrete by 20.4%, 23.8%, and 17.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of polypropylene fibers to the steel slag concrete played a beneficial role in the improvement of strength characteristics, particularly the flexural strength and final drop weight impact energy, which had a maximum rise of 48.1% and 164%, correspondingly. Moreover, integral structure and analytical analyses have also been performed in this study to validate the experimental findings. The results obtained encourage the use of fiber-reinforced steel slag concrete (FRSLC) as a potential impact-resistant material considering the environmental advantages, with the suggested substitution, of an addition ratio of 30% and 1.0% for steel slag and polypropylene fibers, respectively.

Laboratory investigation of modified subgrade clay soil mix with steel slag and lime using static and dynamic test approach

ABSTRACT An experimental laboratory program was conducted to understand the feasibility of steel slag and lime in the subgradelayer. The test was conducted on natural clay soil, lime, lime + steel slag stabilizedcohesive subgrade soil. The lime portions were 2%, 4% and 6%, respectively.Similarly, steel slag was added to 20%, 25% and 30%, respectively, by the massof dry soil. The strength of lime soil and lime + steel slag + soil increaseswith increasing curing period. The 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS)2% lime soil and soil+20% steel slag + 2% lime is 3.20 MPa and 3.87 MPa,respectively. Eventually, this study supports the use of steel slag and lime inthe construction of subgrade stabilization. Therefore, it is found that a lightweightdeflectometer can be used as a quick strength evaluating tool on modifiedsubgrade soil in the laboratory.

Self Compacting Concrete Using Steel Slag as a Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregates

Concrete is the most widely used material in the building sector. Every year, hundreds of millions of cubic meters of concrete are utilized in India alone. Concrete is composed up of coarse and fine particles that have been cemented together using binding material. The typical concrete process in the construction industry is unsustainable since it consumes large amounts of natural resources such as sand, stone, and millions of tons of cement each year, which is harmful to the environment. Aggregate accounts for 70- 80% of the volume of concrete and has a considerable impact on its various properties. Even industrialized countries have suffered aggregate supply constraints as a result of the significant growth in concrete demand across the world. As a result, research is needed to identify an environmentally benign and readily available alternative to the usage of component elements in concrete. Slag is a by-product of the steel industry, created by impurities in the metals or ores being processed during smelting, welding, and other metallurgical and combustion operations. Slag is generally made up of mixed oxides of elements including silicon, Sulphur, phosphorus, and aluminium ash, as well as byproducts of their interactions with furnace linings and fluxing materials like limestone. According to estimates, around one thousand million tonnes of slag is created as solid waste in India alone, necessitating study into how to use this large byproduct of the steel industry, which is not recyclable, as one of the elements in concrete manufacturing. Steel slag in construction protects natural aggregates while also using slag waste from steel mills, resulting in a higher reduction in environmental pollution. The use of steel slag as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in different concrete mixes where varying percentages of cement have been replaced by fly ash and metakaolin is recommended in this study. The effect of increasing the proportion of steel slag on various parameters was researched and compared, as were tests on compressive strength, tensile strength, and water absorption.

Friction Characteristics of Open Graded Asphalt Friction Courses with BOF and EAF Steel Slag Aggregates

Friction properties of open graded asphalt friction course (OGAFC) mixtures play an essential role in ensuring traffic safety, especially under wet weather conditions. This study evaluated the friction characteristics of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric-arc furnace (EAF) steel slag aggregate incorporated OGAFC mixes. Nine sets of OGAFC mixes were fabricated using five percentage replacements (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of the coarse natural aggregate fraction by BOF and EAF steel slags. The effect of modified binder type (polymer and crumb-rubber modified) on the frictional characteristics of OGAFC mixes was also examined. The principal friction test devices used were the British pendulum tester and dynamic friction tester. Multiple friction performance aspects were studied: (1) effect of surface condition (dry, wet, and ponding) on the measured friction coefficient; (2) separate evaluation of adhesion and hysteresis friction components; (3) variation of friction coefficient with varying slip speeds, and (4) friction performance later in the OGAFC service life using artificially polished aggregates, and comparison of the performance with unpolished aggregates. Results revealed that the use of steel slags in OGAFC mixes considerably enhanced the frictional characteristics and that the skid resistance of OGAFC-BOF mixes was better than that of OGAFC-EAF mixes. Frictional resistance of the mixes was found to increase with an increase in steel slag content. OGAFC mixes comprising polished steel slag aggregates also showed promising results with the increment in steel slag content. The findings also indicated that OGAFC-CRMB mixes perform better than OGAFC-PMB mixes.

Comparative Study on the Effects of Steel Slag Aggregate over Blended Cement Concrete

Abstract: Concrete is the most versatile construction material because it can bedesigned to withstand the harshest environments while taking on the most inspirational forms. Engineers are continually pushing the limits to improve its performance with the help of innovative chemical admixtures and alternative construction materials (ACM). Nowadays, most concrete mixture contains alternative construction materials which form part of the cementitious component. These materials are majority byproducts from other processes. The main benefits of ACM (alternative construction materials) are their ability to replace certain amount of cement or aggregates and still able to display major properties similarto concrete, thus reducing the cost of using traditional materials. The fast growthin industrialization has resulted in tons and tons of byproduct or waste materials, which can be used as ACMs (alternative construction materials) such as marble powder, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag etc. The useof these byproducts not only helps to utilize these waste materials but also enhances the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states. Most concrete produced today includes one or more ACM (alternative construction materials). For this reason, their properties are frequently compared to each other by mix designers seeking to optimize concrete mixtures. To design high strength concrete good quality aggregates is also required. Steel slag is an industrial byproduct obtained from the steel manufacturing industry. This can be used as aggregate in concrete. It has been usually used as aggregate in hot mix asphalt surface applications, but in the present work it has been used in conventional concrete mixture and performance is compared with normal aggregate concrete. Replacing all or some portion of natural aggregates with steel slag would lead to considerable environmental benefits. Steel slagaggregate generally exhibit a propensity to expand hence steel slag aggregates are generally not used in concrete making. However, use of blended cement concrete is reported to reduce the expansion of the concrete. In the present work a series of tests were carried out to make comparative studies of various mechanical properties of concrete mixes prepared by using normal cement concrete, marble powder and cement blend concrete (1:1 proportion ) with or without use of steel slag. The ingredients are mixed in 1: 1.5: 3 proportions. The properties studied are 7 days, 14 days and 28 days compressive strengths, workability and surface hardness. Keywords: Cement, Concrete, Steel Slag, Aggregates, Blended Cement,Marble Powder.

Effect of fillers on the mechanical properties and durability of steel slag concrete

Using steel slag to replace natural coarse and/or fine aggregates to make concrete provides a multi-win solution in mitigating the environmental problems regarding huge depletion of natural aggregates and disposal of large amount of slag. On the other hand, the use of pozzolanic fillers, such as fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) could significantly improve the strength, stiffness and durability of concrete. However, there were very few research studies on the effect of pozzolanic fillers on the mechanical behaviour and durability of concrete containing steel slag. To fill up this research gap and promote the use of steel slag, a systematic and scientific experimental study was conducted, in which 29 concrete mixes with steel slag partially or totally replacing natural aggregates and FA/SF partially replacing cement in an equal volume were prepared. The slump, wet packing density (WPD), 7-, 28-, 91- and 182-day compressive strength and durability in terms of total charge passed and chloride ion’s penetration depth in rapid chloride permeability test were tested for all the specimens while the chemical composition of concrete were tested using X-ray diffraction. Test results revealed that the slump of steel slag concrete decreased due to the porous structure of slag. Besides, the use of steel slag improved the compressive strength of concrete. By adding SF to replace partial cement, the strength of steel slag concrete could be escalated further. At given composition of aggregates and filler type, the total charge passed and the chloride ion’s penetration depth of steel slag concrete decreased as the WPD increased due to the denser and impermeable microstructure of concrete that enhanced the resistance of chloride ion penetrability.

Laboratory Investigation of Microwave Healing Characteristic of Hot Mix Asphalt Incorporating Steel Slag and Fly Ash

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the usage of fly ash (FA) as filler and Steel slag as coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete to monitor its healing characteristic under microwave heat. Both fly ash and steel slag are the industrial by-products. Using Marshall, Hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were prepared for control and three different modified specimens having 10%, 20% and 30% steel slag as coarse aggregate, and 75% optimum fly ash content (OFC) as filler. Then thermal distribution and optimum healing time of test specimens were recorded using infrared thermometer. A three-point bending (TPB) tests were applied to the samples before and after the microwave healing procedures. Test results demonstrated that adding steel slag and fly ash in asphalt concrete mixtures increases the heating rates and improve the healing performance of hot mix asphalt using microwave heat. The replacement of natural coarse aggregate by 30% steel aggregate is extremely promising since it has not only improved healing results but also enhance the load-displacement relationship of the HMA mixtures with more ductile behavior. Overall, the use of steel slag and fly ash in hot mix asphalt is a significant option that helps to the sustainable pavement construction as it improves healing and cracking resistance. Keywords: Fly ash, Steel slag, Hot mix asphalt, Microwave heating, Three-point Bending

Microwave Heating as an Innovative Road Maintenance Technology: Aging Effect on Binder and Feasibility Evaluation

The microwave heating/healing technique is regarded as a green maintenance approach for asphalt pavements thanks to its promising environmental and economic benefits. However, the main concern about this technology is represented by the possible aging effect generated on bituminous binders. Currently, there is a significant lack of studies dealing with this topic. Based on these premises, the main purpose of this study is to appraise the feasibility of implementing microwave-based maintenance operations considering the associated aging effect. The assessment of fatigue life after cyclic microwave heating (MH) based on a linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test and the changes in the chemical groups detected through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy document the aging phenomenon. The results indicate that the microwave aging degree on bituminous binder is nonlinear with MH cycles. The microwave radiation causes a distinct aging impact on binders during the first 10 cycles, then the values become constant. Furthermore, a feasibility analysis of MH technology is developed, encompassing four main multidisciplinary aspects: evaluation of microwave aging degree, working mechanism of MH equipment, safety assessment, and economic and ecological considerations. Despite the associated aging issue, the MH method is an efficient technology, considering its various advantages (i.e., rapidity of execution, uniform and non-pollutant treatment, and deep penetration). Meanwhile, the use of steel slag as a microwave absorber bolsters the sustainability of MH technology. This study provides a new perspective to evaluate the microwave heating technique in road engineering comprising the generated aging effect. Practice-oriented recommendations are also formulated regarding the safe implementation of MH technical operations.

Repercussion of steel slag on SCC with concrete debris and slag aggregate: An analysis of internatel structures over beam element

The paper discusses the experimental study on Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC) made with the fractional replacement of recycled aggregate (RA) and slag aggregate (SA). The SCC rheological properties are evaluated with the use of steel slag (SS) and the effects are studied at ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The substitution of aggregates made with the SCC (RA25/SA15), SCC (RA20/SA20) and SCC (RA15/SA25) along with steel slag. 30 % of steel slag is chosen as the optimum percentage on grade-M30 concrete. SCC with different percentage of substitutions are tested with slump test, V-funnel, U-box and L-box test. Cube-compressive, cylinder-tensile and prism and beam flexural strength. The results obtained for SCC are analysed and compared with Normal Concrete (NC). The optimum specimen is observed under SEM-EDs analysis for its mineral composition and C-H-S gel formation, which shows not much variation compared to NC. However marginally fair strength is achieved on the SCC with substitutions and certainly there is a room for improvement in strength characteristics.

Evaluation of the Volume Stability and Resource Benefit of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Its Asphalt Mixture Based on Field Application

Applying basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as aggregate in asphalt mixture is continuously investigated due to the increasing shortage of natural aggregate in recent years. However, the negative effect of BOF’s expansion in water greatly limits its further application in pavement construction. To address this problem, this paper studied the volume stability of BOF, and its asphalt mixture relied on actual engineering. The asphalt mixtures contained BOF aggregate was designed by the Marshall method with three different gradation types (AC-16, AC-20, and ATB-25). Besides, both laboratory samples and the core samples from field drilling were investigated in volume expansion rate after curing in a water bath. The economic and resource benefits of BOF replacement of natural aggregates were also analyzed. The results showed that the free calcium oxide content of BOF slag is positively related to the particle sizes. Nevertheless, the expansion rates of both the BOF aggregate and its asphalt mixture were less than 1%, which meant the BOF aggregate applied to the asphalt mixture meets the practical engineering requirements. The maximum allowable free calcium oxide content for large-grain size of steel slag is the smallest; it is also recommended that the expansibility of large-grain steel slag should be the first concern in the application. The resource assessment indicated that the use of steel slag for the construction of a trial section of one kilometer of single lane can save 967 tons of natural aggregates. The economic evaluation showed that the use of steel slag instead of natural aggregates for surface course construction could reduce the investment by 16.87%. The experimental methods and conclusions mentioned in this article provide stable references to enhance the development of sustainable pavement by recycling metallurgical slag in highway construction.

Laboratory investigation on road performances of asphalt mixtures using steel slag and granite as aggregate

Shortages of natural stone resources and serious environmental pollution promote the utilization of low-grade resources and solid waste. Thus, steel slag and granite could be used to substitute conventional aggregates in constructing asphalt pavement. In this study, asphalt mixtures incorporating granite and steel slag (GSAM) are prepared and subsequently compared with asphalt mixture prepared by limestone aggregate to determine the road performance of asphalt mixture. Two kinds of asphalt mixture, asphalt concrete (AC), and stone matrix asphalt (SMA) are prepared by the molding methods of Marshall compaction. Marshall stability, dynamic modulus, moisture damage resistance, rutting resistance, permanent deformation resistance, and crack resistance are evaluated on all the prepared asphalt mixtures through laboratory tests. The results signify that the road performance of AC-GSAM and SMA-GSAM are enhanced such as high-temperature stability and low-temperature crack resistance. However, due to the characteristics of steel slag, the long-term moisture damage resistance of GSAM is still further improvement and research. Conclusively, the use of steel slag and granite as an aggregate substitute in asphalt mixture is technically appropriate.

The Use of Steel Slag as Substitution of Coarse Aggregate on Indirect Tensile Strength and Marshall Properties of AC-WC

High traffic levels on road can causing road damage, especially cases of permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. One solution is to utilize waste of material, such as steel slag as coarse aggregate and polymer modified asphalt as binding material. This paper explores experimental laboratory investigation on the use of steel slag on Marshall characteristics and indirect tensile strength of AC-WC mixture by using Starbit E-60 and Pen 60/70. Laboratory works begin with physical testing of material, then, finding the optimum bitumen content (OBC) for each type of the mixtures. Finally, Marshall Standard and indirect tensile strength (ITS) at OBC were conducted. Results shows that the use of steel slag for AC-WC mixture are proven to improve resistance to permanent deformation as well as fatigue cracking. Substitution of steel slag for coarse aggregates were able to increase Marshall stability, Marshall Quotient and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of the mixtures, however, it slightly decreases the volumetric performance of mixture, such as voids in total mixes become higher and voids filled with asphalt as well as voids in mineral aggregates tend to decrease.

Treatment and utilization of artificial aggregate in the production of cement composites

The aim of the work is to find a suitable way of treatment of steel ladle slag for subsequent use as a partial replacement of the binder component in cement composites. The goal is based on the raw materials policy of the Czech Republic. Within this work is solved the issue of possible use of steel slag as the largest by-product of steel production. The work is focused on a specific ladle slag from ladle furnaces, by which are equipped the modern steel plants. Ladle slag is similar in chemical composition to Portland cement. However, its mineralogical composition should be taken into account in relation to its expansion reactions and lower hydraulic activity. One of the goals is the research of effect of particle size in cement-slag mixtures. The slag was ground for research on two different specific surfaces - coarsely in a vibrating mill and finely in a ball mill. The research within the experimental part of the work verified the positive influence of ladle slag on the properties of fresh and hardened mortar mixtures. Tensile bending strengths and compressive strengths are for some mixtures with ladle slag even higher than the strengths of the reference mixtures.

Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Steel Slag through Adsorption and Catalytic Oxidation

There is growing interest in reclaiming waste materials from industries such as metallurgical slags, fly ash and agricultural wastes in a resource-limited world. A large amount of steel slag is produced as waste material from steel industries. This study focused on natural organic matter (NOM) removal using steel slag as a low-cost adsorbent/catalyst. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of steel slag to remove NOM in waters with high specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) value. The effects of steel slag particles size and dosages of slag and hydrogen peroxide on NOM removals were determined. UV absorbing NOM fractions were preferentially removed by the steel slag. Maximum UV absorbance and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduction after adsorption were 83% and 54%, respectively. In addition to adsorptive properties, iron oxides on steel slag surfaces significantly catalyses hydrogen peroxide decomposition. As a result of formation of strong oxidants after hydrogen peroxide decomposition, NOM removal increased. The results showed that steel slag can be used as adsorbent and catalyst for removal of NOM in high SUVA value waters. Besides, steel slag may be effective for controlling the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water treatment due to the removal of NOM fractions with high UV absorbance values.

Utilization of Steel Slag in Agriculture (Review)

The process of refining iron by Blast Furnace (BF) or Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) produces steel and by-product: steel slag. This by-product can be used for various fields such as construction, industry and agriculture. This paper aimed to discuss the use of steel slag in agriculture as fertilizer, lime and ameliorant in the soils. The content of elements and compounds in steel slag is the basic component for the utilization of this material, therefore they are displayed quite completely. The presence of other contents like of heavy metals which are classified as hazardous toxic materials is also stated. Utilization of steel slag for agriculture has been carried out widely in various countries such as Japan, Germany and the United States. There have been many studies of steel slag in Indonesia that prove the benefits of steel slag in adding nutrients and improving soil reactions. However, the use of this material is still limited to research field, has not been widely used. Meanwhile, many research has proven that steel slag can improve some chemical characteristics like pH and CEC, as well improve Ca, Mg and Si content. Steel slag can release P from retention and fixation and Andisols and Ultisols. Research showed that steel slag improved the yield of rice, maize, horticultural and industrial plants.