Use Of Solar Systems Research Articles

OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF SOLAR COLLECTORS CONCENTRATORS FOR GREEN BUILDINGS

The use of solar collectors with solar concentrators in green buildings is an important step in the direction of creating energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings. These technologies make it possible to provide a sustainable source of energy, reduce emissions and save resources. Considering the positive aspects of using solar collectors, their implementation in construction can become an important step in the development of sustainable construction and environmental protection. The use of solar collectors with concentrators can significantly reduce the consumption of electricity and other energy sources, which is an important aspect for green buildings. These collectors are able to efficiently collect solar energy and concentrate it for further use in various heating, cooling and power generation systems. Increasing the energy efficiency of green buildings is possible due to the use of solar systems with optimal orientation parameters that use renewable, environmentally friendly solar energy for the energy supply of buildings. An analytical method has been developed to determine the optimal parameters - the angle of inclination of the solar collector reflector to obtain the maximum amount of converted solar energy, taking into account the number of glass layers, their transparency and absorption coefficient depending on the angle of incidence of reflected solar rays, shading by the collector frame, etc. Calculations were made and optimal angles of the reflector were determined for single-layer and double-layer glazing of the collector. The proposed method can be used in the design of green buildings that use solar energy for energy supply.

Empowering Remote Living: Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Mexico

The developing environmental consequences of excessive dependence on fossil fuels have pushed many countries to invest in clean and renewable energy sources. Mexico is a country that, due to its geographic and climatic diversity, can take advantage of this potential in renewable energy generation and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels while developing strategies to improve its energy system. This study investigated the feasibility of the autonomous use of two hybrid renewable energy systems and a photovoltaic system to power homes in a remote location. With the help of HOMER Pro Version 3.14.5 software, a model was made to evaluate the operation of three systems for one year, and the demand was predicted according to a given scenario. In addition, the optimal configuration of the components of each system was determined. The results showed that the simultaneous use of solar systems with a converter and a backup system consisting of a diesel generator and batteries would be the most viable and reliable option for generating renewable energy at the selected location, offering electricity with a renewable fraction of more than 80%.

Numerical simulation of flat plate solar collector equipped with a turbulator containing water/copper-graphene hybrid nanofluid utilizing a two-phase model

The use of solar systems has been broadly considered in various industries due to less environmental pollution. Flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) are a very useful device for collecting low to moderate heat from the sun. They can be used for various applications in engineering industries. In this study, the effect of an innovative turbulator with different geometric shapes and two-phase Cu-GO/water hybrid nanofluid on thermal-hydraulic performance, exergy efficiency, and energy efficiency of a FPSC is examined in a turbulent flow regime. The QUICK algorithm is also utilized to discretize the governing equations. The Reynolds number (Re) alters from 17,000 to 47,000 and the volume fraction (φ) varies from 1 and 4%. The flow is turbulent and the turbulence model is RNG k-ε and the mixture two-phase method is used for modeling the turbulent flow. Also, different geometries of the turbulator (γ = 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) are considered inside the absorber tube of the FPSC. The results demonstrate that the use of the turbulator in the absorber tube of the FPSC results in better thermal-hydraulic performance than the absorber tube without the turbulator. Also, increasing the curvature angle (γ) significantly affects heat transfer (HT) rate and pressure drop (Δp) enhancement. Energy efficiency is affected by φ, inlet velocity, turbulator geometric shape, and FPSC boundary conditions. By increasing Re, φ, and γ, the energy efficiency is enhanced. The exergy efficiency is influenced by φ, inlet velocity, turbulator geometric shape, and FPSC boundary conditions. Exergy efficiency is upgraded with Re and φ and is diminished with γ. The results reveal that the maximum exergy efficiency corresponds to Re = 47,000.

OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF SOLAR RECEIVERS FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD IN UKRAINE

Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is possible due to the use of solar systems with optimal parameters of orientation and area, which use renewable, environmentally friendly solar energy for energy supply of buildings. The research was conducted and for the rapid design of energy-efficient buildings, graphic and analytical models were developed for solving the problems of determining the optimal parameters of the orientation of the azimuth and the angle of inclination (Aσ, ω), various types of solar receivers, the amount of incoming and converted solar energy (into electrical and thermal energy), area and location solar receivers on the enclosing structures of buildings, to obtain a certain amount of energy, etc. Thus designed. Graphical and analytical methods of determining the amount of solar radiation on the face of the building and solar receiver using its drawings to quickly obtain data necessary for calculations during the design of energy-efficient buildings. A quick way to graphically determine the amount of solar radiation converted by solar receivers and photovoltaic modules of solar energy depending on the spatial orientation of the solar receivers using building drawings was found. A visual method of optimizing the location of solar receivers on the enclosing structures of buildings using building drawings and a complex of graphic models and converted solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy, provided that the area of solar receivers remains unchanged, is proposed. Graphical and analytical methods have been developed for the optimal location of photovoltaic modules and solar receivers on the edges of the building's enclosing structures, subject to compliance with the specified level of energy supply from solar radiation, while the area of solar receivers is minimized.

Numerical analysis of a solar assisted chemical looping combustion combined power and sea water desalination plant

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) with solar integration for power generation is viewed as a technology that would have many economic and environmental benefits. This is because the use of solar systems to provide heating for the CLC process could lead to improved power plant performance and significant reduction of emissions. The performance of energy resources for CLC systems can be further improved via poly-generation. In this study, a novel solar assisted, methane fired CLC power plant with CO2 capture combined with waste heat utilization for sea water desalination is proposed. The plant receives a total thermal energy input of 20 MW. Ni based oxygen carrier is used for the oxygen transfer cycle. The proposed model is developed using Aspen plus software with the consideration of the conservation of mass, momentum and energy. In the study, the effect of using solar energy for the provision of the required heating for the endothermic reaction process in CLC is thoroughly examined by varying the solar share. The results show that an efficiency of 60.56% for the system can be obtained when the solar energy contributes 15–20% of total thermal energy. The system performance is relatively poor for solar share values below 15%. The system performance is further improved (approximately three percentage points) by integrating it with a desalination unit. A parametric study was conducted to ensure that the operating parameters are at their optimum levels. The study also examines the effect of certain key operational parameters for the desalination system such as sea water temperature, sea water salinity and the top brine temperature. The water production is increased with the decrease of top brine temperature and the increase of sea water temperature and salinity.

Complexities of contemporary urban planning in local government in the City of Polokwane, Limpopo province.

This article recommends that the Polokwane Local Municipality should implement a solar system plant and generate gas from the increasing level of waste in the City of Polokwane. Furthermore, the Polokwane Local Municipality should transition from operating street lights, office lights and traffic lights with electricity towards the use of solar systems.

Cybersecurity Challenges and Needs in The Context of Digital Development in Zimbabwe

This research was on the cybersecurity challenges and needs of grassroot users of cyberspace in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was used and was guided by the Interpretivist philosophy. Judgmental sampling was used to select the participants in the study based on their knowledge on cybersecurity matters. The sample was drawn from people from Murewa District of Zimbabwe. A descriptive research design was used to answer the research questions. Both unstructured and structured interviews as well as observations were used to collect data on the cybersecurity needs and challenges of grassroot users of cyberspace. The findings revealed that the challenges that grassroot users are facing include identity theft, poor internet connectivity and infrastructure problems. The research also exposed the need for stronger physical security of ICT assets and cybersecurity legislation. The researcher recommended the use of solar systems as an alternative source of energy and continuous review and alignment of cybersecurity legislation in line with the changing cyber threat landscape.

Smart Integrated Decentralization Strategies of Solar Power System in Buildings

This study signifies the need for a smart integrated decentralized solar energy system in Pakistan. Since the outlook of energy is highly dominated by its power sector, policy measures must be adopted to ensure its penetration in the system of any country. After the industrial, the housing sector is the major energy-consuming sector. The goal of this study is to assess energy generation through a smart integrated decentralized solar energy system in the power hub of a commercial area in Taxila, Pakistan. Model development involves a hypothetical model built on LabVIEW which allows the user interface a way to intermingle with the source code. It permits the user to the transformation of the values sent to the source code and sees the information that the source code calculates. The proposed system is a collaborative sharing integrated decentralized solar system that credits sunlight-based energy framework proprietors for the power they add to different buildings due to the collaborative sharing mechanism at Rs.10 per kWh. This low-cost electricity is available at your doorstep that you can share according to the collaborative sharing basis that will not range any certain variable. Results from the literature describe that 30% of the cost associated with the commercial price of electricity amounts to distribution cost. This system of the utilization of energy would be applied at a local level to achieve the maximum power generation from solar panels through blockchain use of solar systems, especially in regions that have no entrance to traditional power with little odds of getting associated in the next 5-10 years.

Experimental and simulation-based comparative analysis of different parameters of PV module

Renewable Energy (RE) has been rapidly growing day by day as a need of the world due to the energy crises and environmental effects. In recent years, the use of solar systems for the generation of electricity has gained considerable popularity. This increase mainly results from a scarcity of other energy sources, such as fossil fuels. As a result, there is a pressing need to transition to more dependable and long-term resources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems. To improve the performance of PV proper design and development have been required for adequate extraction of their essential parameters. This study proposed the implementation and behaviour of a photovoltaic module (PVM) and describes the individual main equation situated on the Shockley diode to enable a detailed study of semiconductor physics and PV occurrence. The environmental performance of a PVM is represented using MATLAB which can be illustrative of the PVM for simple use in the simulation phase. The model was designed in MATLAB, an easy-to-use icon and dialog box that depends on the effect of solar radiation (SR) and cell temperature, output current (I) versus (vs) voltage (V), and power vs. Voltage. PVM is made with the simulated models are simulated and optimized. These models have been used to analyze the outcome of variations in various specifications on the PVM, including the operating temperature and the level of SR. The observed results have been compared with outcomes characteristics of PV, which are specified on the technical datasheet of the PVM. Simulation results have been obtained by using MATLAB software. From the results, it can be seen that at insolation 900W/m2 the output power of PVM is 280 but at 10°C the power of PVM is 270.

Solar Photovoltaic Technology In Brazil

In recent years, the use of solar systems has been increasing worldwide in an accelerated rate, with perspective of staying among the main sources of renewable energy for the following decades, along with wind power. The photovoltaic energy in Brazil currently represents 4,5 GW (2,5% of the national electric matrix). Solar thermal energy is called when solar radiation is used to transfer energy to a medium, usually water or air. It is a renewable, sustainable and environmentally friendly source of energy. The number of solar thermal energy applications is very extensive when considering all temperature levels and energy demands. In this context, the present work shows the evolution of solar photovoltaic energy in Brazil, bringing a discussion regarding to solar power characteristics, working principles and different technologies of solar cells, as well as aspects of operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic panels. Investments in research for the development of new technologies and valuation of existing ones for solar energy should also be prioritized, as well as for better planning and sustainable use of photovoltaic energy, given the advantages for the economy, society and the environment provided by this renewable and clean source.

A solar backup system to provide reliable energy in presence of unplanned power outages

Unreliable power grids in sub-Saharan countries have forced households to seek on-site power generation (self-generation) options. Although diesel generators have the largest share of backup systems, the use of solar systems has been growing over the years. This paper presents a solar backup system including PV panels, a battery and a solar hot water (SHW) to provide both reliable energy and hot water to households. Moreover, two different configurations have been studied to improve the hot water system's performance. Whilst the SHW is limited to preheating the electric hot water in the first configuration, in the second it can individually provide the hot water for short-term uses in cases of lack of energy. The solar backup system is equipped with an intelligent prediction-based controller that can control the power flow and the hot water temperature in the presence of power limitations and unplanned power outages. Evaluation of the proposed system using real datasets shows that in addition to delivering reliable energy and hot water, the total cost of the solar solution over the project life is about 25% lower than the diesel generator's, making it a more viable investment.

Analysis and Implementation of Fuzzy Control for the MPPT Based PV Systems

In a photovoltaic system, electronic transducer control is highly essential for sufficient use of solar systems. The present article suggests to modify the Perturb and Observe MPPT (i.e., Maximum Power Point Tracking) with a fog controller to control a DC-DC impulse converter in a photoelectric system under shade and variable cases of the weather. The present study includes a proposal of a different method to the MPPT from a photovoltaic (PV) system for the purpose of obtaining the maximal power from a photovoltaic system. In the traditional approaches, the capability of the tracking includes the power output fluctuations. The modelling and simulation of the PV system with the suggested algorithm has been performed with the use of the MATLAB/SIMLINK software. The model results of the simulation show that the Per-turb and Observe (P&O) based fuzzy control algorithm has been considered as a fast transient state, with fewer and smooth fluctuations in the power signal generated.

Do solar energy systems have a mid-life crisis? Valorising renewables and ignoring waste in regional towns in Australia’s Northern Territory

As the use of solar systems as an alternate source of energy increases, so too does the volume of waste from decommissioned systems. While several options have been suggested as solutions for the end of life of solar systems in terms of their component elements in urban regions, there is little discussion of managing waste arising in regional areas where volumes are often below necessary thresholds. This paper discusses why solar energy systems in Australia’s Northern Territory are being removed and how they are disposed of. Results suggest that there are several social and economic reasons for their removal, as it is not just a matter of failure to generate electric power. Since solar energy generation waste is a new problem, there are few or no social mechanisms in place to manage this waste. The results of this study highlight the need for addressing this gap. This paper inquires into, and attempts to formulate an early definition of this newly emergent social problem, conceptualising it as a sociomaterial issue.

Effects of Using 24 watt Twisted Fluorescent Lamp, 13 watt Led Bulb and 30 watt Led T8 on Inverter Current, Photovoltaic Panel and Charging Current of Solar System

An alternative to the use of solar systems is an electricity saving activity that can provide a profit if the load used is in accordance with the level of capacity of the system. Load selection in solar systems is very important in ensuring the stability of the system itself. Energy from sunlight is the main source of direct current power generation but it is subject to the capabilities of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger controller used. The selection of the appropriate load will provide good efficiency as well as more efficient energy savings. In this paper,13Watt LED bulb, 24Watt Twisted fluorescent lamp and 30Watt T8 LED lamp are tested in an experimental study to see the effect of their use on the inverter current, the current flowing through the photovoltaic panel and the current used to charge a battery in the solar system. These data will be used to make comparisons with the energy savings generated by this solar system to provide longer time to use. The brightness of the lamp is also compared using digital Lux meters. The results of this study have shown that the use of 13Watt LEDs is more economical in terms of direct current (Dc) power and contributes to brighter lighting than the 24Watt twisted fluorescent lamp and 30Watt T8 LED lamp used.

Analysis of Religious Characters and Logical Thinking Skills After Using Solar System Teaching Material Integrated with Islamic Science

This study aims to analyze the religious character and logical thinking skills of students after using solar systems teaching materials integrated with Islamic Science. The type of research used is descriptive analysis with a Post-Test-Only with Non-equivalent Groups research design. The research data were obtained from observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and posttest. The religious character and students’ logical thinking skills of the experiment class students are better than the control class. Students in the experiment class were superior to the control class. The effect of the correlation of the use of teaching materials on the religious character of the students obtained 79.21%, while the effect of the correlation of the use of teaching materials on students’ logical thinking skills was 38.44%. The study concludes that students’ religious character after using solar system teaching materials integrated Islamic science is dominant in the “very good” category and students’ logical thinking skills after the use of solar system teaching materials integrated Islamic science is dominant in the high category.

Use of Solar Systems in Local Businesses: A Suggestion for Safranbolu Tourism Enterprises

Sadece maddi veya beşeri kaynaklara sahip olmak rekabet üstünlüğü için başarı faktörü değildir. Kaynaklara sahip olmanın yanında bu kaynakları ticari hale dönüştürecek bilgi ve inovatif düşünce yapısı işletmeleri geleceğe taşıyacaktır. Fosil kaynaklı enerji kaynaklarının tükendiği ve çevreye olumsuz etkisi düşünüldüğünde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte artan rekabet ve maliyetler, işletmeleri ister istemez gelişen teknolojileri takip ederek yeni yönetim ve operasyon yöntemleri geliştirmeye zorlayacaktır. Bu çalışma elektrikli araba kullanılarak Safranbolu’da gezi turu yapıldığında, fosil yakıtlı arabalara göre ne kadar fayda sağlanacağı üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu amaçla, bir elektrikli araba üzerine güneş panelleri yerleştirilerek akümülatörlerin güneş panelleri aracılığıyla şarjı sağlanmıştır. Farklı hava şartlarında şarjın tamamlanması ve bu şarj ile aracın ne kadar mesafe katettiği araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre aracın kendi maliyeti de dahil olmak üzere güneş enerjisi ile çalışan aracın fosil yakıtla çalışan araca göre daha ekonomik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Experimental analysis and modeling of weather condition effects on photovoltaic systems’ performance: Tehran case study

ABSTRACT Increased reliability in grid-independent photovoltaic systems is an important factor in the prevalence and greater use of solar systems. The present study was conducted in Iran. It is one of the countries with high potential in the field of solar energy with average radiation of 5–5.5 kWh/m2 intensity. On the other hand, due to the wide desert areas, it is important to investigate the effect of dust deposition on photovoltaic panels. An experimental study on the performance of photovoltaic panels over a 90-day period from May 25 to August 22, 2018, in Tehran, and under real conditions, to investigate the effect of dust deposition and climate change on their output power was performed. Because of its large population, political and economic conditions, Tehran has the highest importance amongst other cities in Iran. The results showed that the dirty panels produced 10% less power than the clean panels. Utilization of the data achieved from the experiment, the output power of the clean and dirty panels considering the air temperature and solar radiation is modeled using the MLR method. In order to establish the relationship between the reductions of the output power of the panel, due to the deposition of walnut dust, the soiling ratio (SR) is used. This ratio is gained by dividing the output power of the dirty panel by the output power of the clean panel to obtain a coefficient to determine the reduction of the output power of the desired photovoltaic panel in terms of air temperature and solar radiation. The coefficient earned with the correlation coefficient of 0.9 (R2) and the error of the mean root squares 7.94 (RMSE) can well predict the loss of power output of the panel due to dust sediment on the surface of the panel. The uncertainty range of experimental results is between of 7.83% to 8.08%.

Presentation of new approach for energy consumption reduction with use of solar system

In hot and humid areas with high solar radiation intensity, the use of air conditioning systems on the basis of desiccant materials such as solar desiccant cooling systems with a view to reducing energy consumption and economic saving can be a good alternative to conventional air conditioning units. In this paper, in order to offer a cooling load of a sample space in the city of Bandar Abbas, which has a high latent load and high radiation intensity, solar absorption cooling cycle has been considered as the base cycle, and two absorption cooling cycles were designed for comparison. Then the three cycles were modeled in the TRNSYS software, studied technically and economically, and at the end the best cycle has been selected. In terms of current energy prices, application of solar energy in Iran is not economically feasible, so the solar absorption refrigeration cycle has been considered as the basic system for the cycle’s comparison. Modeling of the expressed cycles was done in TRNSYS software. The basic cycle has been composed of two main parts of cooling by absorption chillers and providing the required heat supply by the solar collector, and also two desiccant dehumidification cycles have been added by a desiccant dehumidification system. In the economic analysis of the three systems, the costs estimation during lifetime (LCC) method also has been used. As a result of this modeling and due to the Act to amend energy prices, the cooling system with the help of desiccant wheel and using returned water of chiller’s generator as the regeneration source, with an annual energy saving of about 29.1%, 29.1% (1,371,980 m3) of natural gas consumption has been saved and the amount of 18/15% (156,667$) cost savings over 20 years compared to the base period, has been selected as the most efficient cooling system.

Thermal Evaluation of Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluid in a Fast-Responding HP with the Potential Use in Solar Systems in Smart Cities

An experimental study was undertaken to assess the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) of graphene nanoplatelets-pentane nanofluid inside a gravity-assisted heat pipe (HP). Influence of various parameters comprising heat flux, mass fraction of the nanoparticles, installation angle and filling ratio (FR) of the working fluid on the HTC of the HP was investigated. Results showed that the HTC of the HP was strongly improved due to the presence of the graphene nanoplatelets. Also, by enhancing the heat flux, the HTC of the HP was improved. Two trade-off behaviors were identified. The first trade-off belonged to the available space in the evaporator and the heat-transfer coefficient of the system. Another trade-off was identified between the installation angle and the residence time of the working fluid inside the condenser unit. The installation angle and the FR of the HP were identified in which the HTC of the HP was the highest. The value of installation angle and filling ratio were 65° and 0.55, respectively. Likewise, the highest HTC was obtained at the largest mass fraction of the graphene nanoplatelets which was at wt. % = 0.3. The improvement in the HTC of the HP was ascribed to the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects of the graphene nanoplatelets.

Criteria and policies to master the visual impact of solar systems in urban environments: The LESO-QSV method

Increased use of solar collectors in buildings is necessary but poses major challenges in existing built environments, especially where architectural quality is an issue. The large size of solar systems at the building scale requires careful planning, as they may easily end up compromising the aesthetics of buildings, threatening the identity of entire contexts. A new method named LESO-QSV(for Laboratoire d’Energie SOlaire – Qualité-Sensibilité-Visibilité) has been developed to help authorities promote solar energy use while preserving the quality of pre-existing urban areas. The vision underlining the approach is that solar integration is possible also in delicate contexts, if appropriate design efforts and adequate cost investments are made. The issue is then no longer to be in favour or against the use of solar systems in cities, but rather to define appropriate local levels of integration quality, and to identify the factors needed to initiate smart solar energy policies able to preserve the quality of pre-existing urban contexts while promoting solar energy use.The LESO-QSV method helps tackle these issues with clear and objective proposals:First it clarifies the notion of architectural integration quality and proposes a simple evaluation method, based on a set of criteria derived from pre-existing literature.Then it helps authorities set and implement local acceptability requirements, introducing the notion of architectural “criticity” of city surfaces (LESO-QSV acceptability). The concept of “criticity”, at the basis of the whole approach, is defined by the Sensitivity of the urban context where the solar system is planned, combined with its Visibility (close and remote) from the public domain. The more sensitive the urban area and the more visible the system (high “criticity”), the higher the need for integration quality. In practice, authorities will be in charge to set the desired integration quality levels for each of the defined “criticity” situations, considering local specificities (energy context, available energy sources, political and social considerations, city identity and topography, among others). To help authorities set these quality expectations, the software LESO-QSV Grid has been developed. It illustrates the acceptance impact of pre-defined sets of quality requirements, using a large number of integration examples (150 emblematic cases). These detailed examples are provided to show authorities how to objectively evaluate integration quality, but they also constitute a large set of learning examples, good and bad, for architects, installers and building owners.Finally the method proposes a way to tailor solar energy policies to local urban specificities by mapping the architectural “criticity” of city buildings surfaces, and crossing this information with a city solar irradiation map (LESO-QSV crossmapping), hence completing the characterization of the building surfaces with the potentially required effort of integration.