Use Of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Research Articles

Isolating DNA from Gram-Negative Bacteria.

The isolation of DNA from bacteria, described in this protocol, relies upon the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate and proteinase K to lyse the cells. High-molecular-weight DNA is then sheared (to reduce its viscosity and make it more manageable), extracted with phenol:chloroform, and precipitated with isopropanol. DNA isolated according to this procedure ranges from 30 to 80 kb in length.

Large-scale synthesis and electrochemical properties of hydrated tungsten trioxide-based hierarchical microstructures

Hierarchically self-assembled micro-/nanostructures of o-WO3.1/3H2O were successfully synthesized by surfactant-assisted hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C for 76 h in acidic medium (pH = 1). The effect of the surfactant n-alkyl chain length CnH(2n+1)SO4Na (with n = 10, 12 and 14) on the morphology and the crystallite sizes were investigated. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by different techniques. When sodium decylsulfate is used, agglomerates of irregular particles of orthorhombic WO3.1/3H2O (o-WO3.1/3H2O) are obtained. The sample obtained by the use of sodium dodecylsulfate, consists of o-WO3.1/3H2O microdisk-like structure formed by self-assembled nanosheets (with an average thickness of about 20 nm), resembling chrysanthemum flower. O-WO3.1/3H2O microsheres-like 3D architectures constructed from 2D sheets intervened out-of-order, resembling sand roses, are obtained with sodium tetradecylsulfate as surfactant. The prepared o-WO3.1/3H2O hierarchical assemblies are used as electrode materials to study the electrochemical properties in propylene carbonate containing 1 M LiClO4 solution, by cyclic voltammerty. It was found that o-WO3.1/3H2O microdisks and microspheres exhibit reversible redox behavior accompanied by reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Li+ cations into crystal matrix. It has been revealed also that higher currents were measured for microdisk-like structure and higher diffusion coefficient of Li+ (2.93 × 10−10 cm2/s) compared to microsphere-like structure (2.02 × 10−10 cm2/s).

The major yolk protein in sea urchin egg yolk granules is a glycoprotein complex

Major yolk protein (MYP) is the most abundant protein found in the yolk granules of sea urchin eggs. The structure of MYPs stored in the eggs of two sea urchin species from Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Mesocentrotus nudus were investigated. Egg-localized major yolk protein (EGMYP) extracted from the eggs of two species of sea urchins was assessed using disc-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The molecular weight of native EGMYP was 595 in S. intermedius eggs and 625 kDa in M. nudus eggs. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis under reducing conditions revealed that the EGMYP of S. intermedius separated into four bands (approximately 172, 116, 74 and 68 kDa), while the EGMYP of M. nudus resolved as a set of bands ranging from 175 to 58 kDa (approximately 175, 165, 153, 115, 102, 90, 78, 65 and 58 kDa). Yolk granules from eggs were isolated using sucrose density ultracentrifugation and examined using electron microscopy. The structures of purified EGMYP extracted from eggs and from yolk granules were similar in both species. The EGMYP stored in the eggs of the sea urchins was a glycoprotein complex, the protein structure of which, however, varied between the two species.

Preparation of porous P-type zeolite spheres with suspension solidification method

This paper describes a simple and effective process for fabricating porous P-type zeolite spheres from metakaolin-based geopolymers. The spheres are first synthesized by a suspension solidification method that is based on the rapid solidification mechanism of geopolymer slurries in high-temperature suspensions. The spheres are then transformed into zeolite by an in situ hydrothermal process at 140°C for 10h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that the spheres are constructed by P-type zeolites. Analysis of the pore structure of geopolymer and zeolite spheres revealed that BET surface area is 4.21m2/g and 42.08m2/g, respectively. The increased surface area of the porous zeolite spheres is attributed to the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12). This work provides a possible way for continuous-mode water treatment.

Ultrasound assisted organic pigment dispersion: advantages of ultrasound method over conventional method

Purpose – The present work aims to deal with ultrasound-assisted organic pigment (phthalocyanine blue and green) dispersion and its comparison with the conventional approach. Design/methodology/approach – Ultrasound is expected to give beneficial results based on the strong shear forces generated by cavitational effects. The dispersion quality for preparation using an ultrasound-based method has been compared with dispersion obtained using high-speed dispersion mill. Effects of different operating parameters such as probe diameter and use of surfactants on the physical properties of dispersion and the colour strength have been investigated. Calculations for the energy requirement for two approaches have also been presented. Findings – The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tween 80 surfactants shows better performance in terms of the colour properties of dispersion prepared in water and organic solvent, respectively. Ultrasound gives better dispersion quality as compared to the conventional approach. Originality/value – The present work presents a new approach of ultrasound-assisted dispersion of phthalocyanine blue and green pigments. Understanding into the effect of surfactants and type of solvent also presents new important design-related information.

In-tube magnetic solid phase microextraction of some fluoroquinolones based on the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles packed tube

In-tube magnetic solid phase microextraction (in-tube MSPME) of fluoroquinolones from water and urine samples based on the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles packed tube has been reported. After the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) by a batch synthesis, these NPs were introduced into a stainless steel tube by a syringe and then a strong magnet was placed around the tube, so that the Fe3O4 NPs were remained in the tube and the tube was used in the in-tube SPME-HPLC/UV for the analysis of fluoroquinolones in water and urine samples. Plackett–Burman design was employed for screening the variables significantly affecting the extraction efficiency. Then, the significant factors were more investigated by Box–Behnken design. Calibration curves were linear (R2>0.990) in the range of 0.1–1000μgL−1 for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 0.5–500μgL−1 for enrofloxacin (ENR) and ofloxacin (OFL), respectively. LODs for all studied fluoroquinolones ranged from 0.01 to 0.05μgL−1. The main advantages of this method were rapid and easy automation and analysis, short extraction time, high sensitivity, possibility of fully sorbent collection after analysis, wide linear range and no need to organic solvents in extraction.

Online matrix removal platform for coupling gel-based separations to whole protein electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A fractionation method called gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (GELFrEE) has been used to dramatically increase the number of proteins identified in top-down proteomic workflows; however, the technique involves the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant that interferes with electrospray ionization. Therefore, an efficient removal of SDS is absolutely required prior to mass analysis. Traditionally, methanol/chloroform precipitation and spin columns have been used, but they lack reproducibility and are difficult to automate. Therefore, we developed an in-line matrix removal platform to enable the direct analysis of samples containing SDS and salts. Only small molecules like SDS permeate a porous membrane and are removed in a manner similar to cross-flow filtration. With this device, near-complete removal of SDS is accomplished within 5 min and proteins are subsequently mobilized into a mass spectrometer. The new platform was optimized for the analysis of GELFrEE fractions enriched for histones extracted from human HeLa cells. All four core histones and their proteoforms were detected in a single spectrum by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The new method versus protein precipitation/resuspension showed 2- to 10-fold improved signal intensities, offering a clear path forward to improve proteome coverage and the efficiency of top-down proteomics.

Preparation and characterization of UV curable-encapsulated phthalocyanine blue pigment

Abstract Aqueous dispersions of nano-scale C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 (PB15:3) were prepared through ball milling and ultrasonication in presence of dispersing agents. A novel encapsulation of pigment through mini-emulsion approached by using UV-curable resins has been developed. Critical factors included the mode of preparation; type of dispersing agent and the type of photo initiator. Results showed that use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) maintained a high stability of dispersion with storage. The thermal analysis, ultracentrifuge sedimentation and morphologies provided supporting evidences for the encapsulation of PB 15:3 into UV-curable resins. The acrylate oligomers based on polyester acrylate in the presence of water soluble initiator stabilizes the mini-emulsion droplets and ink formulation with time. The methods provided encapsulated phthalocyanine blue pigment dispersion in which found to be durable and effective in preliminary application for ink formulations of cotton fabric.

Electrophoretic extraction of low molecular weight cationic analytes from sodium dodecyl sulfate containing sample matrices for their direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

While the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in separation buffers allows efficient analysis of complex mixtures, its presence in the sample matrix is known to severely interfere with the mass-spectrometric characterization of analyte molecules. In this article, we report a microfluidic device that addresses this analytical challenge by enabling inline electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of low molecular weight cationic samples prepared in SDS containing matrices. The functionality of this device relies on the continuous extraction of analyte molecules into an SDS-free solvent stream based on the free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) technique prior to their ESI-MS analysis. The reported extraction was accomplished in our current work in a glass channel with microelectrodes fabricated along its sidewalls to realize the desired electric field. Our experiments show that a key challenge to successfully operating such a device is to suppress the electroosmotically driven fluid circulations generated in its extraction channel that otherwise tend to vigorously mix the liquid streams flowing through this duct. A new coating medium, N-(2-triethoxysilylpropyl) formamide, recently demonstrated by our laboratory to nearly eliminate electroosmotic flow in glass microchannels was employed to address this issue. Applying this surface modifier, we were able to efficiently extract two different peptides, human angiotensin I and MRFA, individually from an SDS containing matrix using the FFZE method and detect them at concentrations down to 3.7 and 6.3 μg/mL, respectively, in samples containing as much as 10 mM SDS. Notice that in addition to greatly reducing the amount of SDS entering the MS instrument, the reported approach allows rapid solvent exchange for facilitating efficient analyte ionization desired in ESI-MS analysis.

Synthesis of Co₃O₄ Cotton-Like Nanostructures for Cholesterol Biosensor.

The use of templates to assist and possess a control over the synthesis of nanomaterials has been an attractive option to achieve this goal. Here we have used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to act as a template for the low temperature synthesis of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanostructures. The use of SDS has led to tune the morphology, and the product was in the form of “cotton-like” nanostructures instead of connected nanowires. Moreover, the variation of the amount of the SDS used was found to affect the charge transfer process in the Co3O4. Using Co3O4 synthesized using the SDS for sensing of cholesterol was investigated. The use of the Co3O4 synthesized using the SDS was found to yield an improved cholesterol biosensor compared to Co3O4 synthesized without the SDS. The improvement of the cholesterol sensing properties upon using the SDS as a template was manifested in increasing the sensitivity and the dynamic range of detection. The results achieved in this study indicate the potential of using template assisted synthesis of nanomaterials in improving some properties, e.g., cholesterol sensing.

Decellularized ovine arteries as small-diameter vascular grafts

Atherosclerosis and its complications still represent the leading cause of death in the developed countries. While autologous blood vessels may be regarded as the best solution for peripheral and coronary bypass, they are unavailable in most patients. Even though tissue engineering techniques are often applied to the development of small-diameter vascular grafts, limiting factors of this approach are represented by the lack of essential extracellular matrix proteins and/or poor biomechanical properties of the scaffolds used. Along these lines, the aim of this study was to develop a decellularization protocol for ovine carotids to be used as suitable small-diameter vascular grafts. Samples were treated either with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or with Trypsin and Triton X-100; a final nuclease digestion was performed for both protocols. Morphological analyses demonstrate complete removal of nuclei and cellular components in treated vessels, also confirmed by significant reduction in wall thickness and DNA content. Essential extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, elastin, and fibronectin are well preserved after decellularization. From a mechanical point of view, Trypsin and Triton X-100 treated arteries show elastic modules and compliance comparable to native carotids, whereas the use of SDS makes samples stiffer, with a significant decrease in the compliance mean value and an increase in longitudinal and circumferential Young’s modules. It is demonstrated that the treatment where Trypsin and Triton X-100 are combined guarantees complete decellularization of carotids, with no significant alteration of biomechanical and structural properties, thus preserving a suitable environment for adhesion, proliferation, and migration of cells.

Temperature‐triggered disintegrable poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles via heterophase polymerization in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine and sodium dodecyl sulfate

ABSTRACTIn this work, polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been studied. The ability to control the characteristics of resulting particles was investigated via varying the concentrations of monomer, SDS, and TEMED used in the polymerization. Particles formed in the absence of TEMED were not completely soluble in water below lower critical solution temperature (LCST) but were quite stable. With the help of TEMED, fully disintegrable particles in water below LCST could be produced but at the cost of low stability. Electrophoretic measurements showed a substantial decrease in zeta potential of resulting colloids due to many neutral radicals generated by TEMED. With the aid of a small amount of SDS, stable temperature‐triggered water‐disintegrable polyNIPAM particles as small as 70 nm could be obtained. However, excessive use of SDS caused the particles to swell in the course of reaction and therefore adversely affected particles size and properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40781.

Use of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Pretreatment and 2‐stage Curing for Improved Quality of Salted Duck Eggs

The effects of use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreatment and 2-stage curing on the microbial, physicochemical, and microstructural qualities of salted duck eggs were studied. After pretreatment in 0.5% (w/v) SDS solution at room conditions for 15 min, no discolorations were observed and no microorganisms were detected on the egg shells. In the 2-stage curing process, 25% (w/v) and 30% (w/v) saline solutions were evaluated in the 1st step (Stage I, approximately 18 d), whereas 4% (w/v) saline solution was applied in the 2nd step (Stage II, approximately 15 d). Along with increased curing time, water content decreased and NaCl content increased in the egg yolks from approximately 0.40% to 0.86%, whereas the water content of egg albumen remained at approximately 85% during the 2-stage curing. More importantly, the NaCl content of albumen maintained at approximately 4.0% at Stage II curing. Yolk index as a sign of maturity for salted duck eggs reached 1 at the end of Stage I (18 d) and retained the same value during Stage II curing regardless of the NaCl concentration in the Stage I saline solution. Oil exudation in egg yolks increased as the time of curing increased. As seen from scanning electron microscopy, oil was released from yolk granules. This study indicated that SDS pretreatment is effective to reduce microbial load on the shells of fresh duck eggs and the 2-stage curing can improve physicochemical qualities of the salted duck eggs and shortened curing time to about 7 to 17 d as compared to the traditional 1-step curing method. Spoiled saline solution and uneven distribution of salt are the 2 major problems in producing salted duck eggs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreatment and 2-stage curing process have shown effective to solve these problems, respectively. The SDS pretreatment was able to remove microorganisms and soil from the surface of fresh egg shells, thus preventing the spoilage of the saline solution. The 2-stage curing process successfully controlled the NaCl content of egg albumen and yolk in the final product, and shortened the curing time compared to the traditional 1-step curing method.

Synthesis and characterization of Mn2O3 nanorods using a novel manganese precursor

The Mn2O3 nanorods have been prepared using [Mn(sal)2] complex as a novel precursor in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Manganese oxide nanocrystals have been prepared under different condition. The controlled experimental results showed that the ultrasonic irradiation and the use of SDS as the surfactant in the chemical process play important role in the formation of the final products.

Enhanced CO2 Gas Storage in Coal

We investigate coal’s performance for storing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas molecules in the form of CO2 hydrates when the in situ hydrates-forming method is applied with the use of promoters. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and pressure augmentation were adopted as a promoter for the hydrate formation in coal. The use of SDS considerably increased the rate of hydrates-forming reaction in coal. The calculated rates of the reaction in the presence of SDS reached 143.70 cm3/min at 3 MPa, and 50% of the maximum gas storage capacity was attained within 2 h. Pressure also controlled the final gas storage capacity of coal. The maximum gas storage capacity of coal under 3 MPa was 188.65 volume of CO2 gas at standard temperature (273.15 K) and pressure (100 kPa) condition per unit volume of coal, as compared to 136.30 under 2.3 MPa.

Kinetics Study of Curing Epoxy Resins with Hydrolyzed Proteins and the Effect of Denaturants Urea and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

The primary goal of this study was to determine the effect of two protein denaturants, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the apparent activation energy of cross-linking bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) with hydrolysate of waste animal proteins. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the apparent activation energy of the reactions. The use of SDS resulted in a marked reduction in activation energy, comparable to the reduction in activation energy when a catalyst for epoxy rings, triethylamine (TEA), was used. The addition of urea slightly increased the activation energy. The heat of reaction increased in the presence of SDS because more reactive sites were made available for curing. This work demonstrates the use of SDS as a protein denaturant additive was an energetically efficient alternative to higher degrees of protein hydrolysis for subsequent curing of DGEBA.

Effect of Surfactants on the Voltammetric Response and Determination of an Antihypertensive Drug Phentolamine at Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

A boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was used for the electroanalysis of Phentolamine by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in BR buffer (pH2.5). The current signal due to the oxidation process was a function of the amount of Phentolamine, pH of the medium, surfactants and scan rate. The results were compared with a glassy carbon electrode at the same condition. Phentolamine undergoes irreversible reaction at both the electrodes. However BDDE showed highly reproducible results with increased current intensity. The higher electrocatalytic behavior of BDDE was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which showed a decrease in the charge transfer resistance. The potential sweep rate dependence of Phentolamine oxidation (peak currents linearly proportional to ʋ1/2, with the range of 10 to 150mV S-1) indicates that the oxidation current is diffusion controlled with the negligible adsorption on the BDDE surface. Moreover the effect of surface active agents on the voltammetric behavior of Phentolamine was also studied. Three surfactants were used, an anionic type, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a cationic type cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and a non ionic type, triton X-100. Addition of SDS was found to enhance the current signal whereas CTAB and triton X-100 showed no effects. The use of SDS in the electrochemical determination of Phentolamine using SWV enhanced the detection limit from 0.71µg/ml in the absence of surfactant to 1.07 µg/ml when present.

An approach to the impact of nanoscale vat coloration of cotton on reducing agent account

Aqueous dispersions of nanoscale vat dyes were successfully prepared through ball milling and ultrasonication of three test dyes in the presence of dispersing agent. Critical factors included the time of ball milling and ultrasonication and the molecular structure of the vat dyes have been studied. These dispersions were characterized by morphological structures with particle size determination and quality was evaluated by shelf-life stability using digital images. The nanoscale vat dyes have been applied in dyeing and printing of cotton to evaluate the effect of nanoscale dispersion on the reducing agent account and the difference of coloration performance of a nanoscale and conventionally dispersed vat dyes. Results showed that use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) maintained a high stability of dispersion with storage. The size and stability of nanoscale dispersion were greatly influenced by molecular structure of the vat dyes. Ultrasonication was helpful in decreasing average particle size. Nanoscale vat dye dispersions gave a much higher color yield than conventional vat dyes. Fastness properties were excellent for washing effects. It is clear that coloration using nanoscale vat dye dispersions offer a number of advantages in terms of reducing agent requirement, improved appearance and also in environmental protection.

Solvent sublation of yttrium ions from dilute aqueous solutions by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate

Capacity of the adsorption-bubble separation method, solvent sublation, for recovery of trace amounts of yttrium was experimentally determined. The optimal process conditions and kinetic aspects of the solvent sublation were determined for solutions containing yttrium ions and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a collecting agent. It was found that the structure of sublates recovered into the organic phase varies with the solution pH.

Mesoporous Silsesquioxanes with High Contents of Surface Amine Groups

The objective of this work is the synthesis of highly functionalized hybrid organic/inorganic materials by the polycondensation of bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl]amine in the presence of surfactants. High contents of amine groups were achieved by carrying out the syntheses without an inorganic cross-linker. The silsesquioxanes obtained had a mesoporous structure. The stability of their porous system in the absence of an inorganic cross-linker was enhanced by the precursor’s bridged structure. The material structures were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, Porosimetry, X-Ray Diffraction and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering methods. A material prepared in the presence of dodecylamine as a template had a higher surface area and narrower pore size distribution while the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in the formation of mesopores with a wide size distribution. Surface amine groups in silsesquioxanes were accessible for adsorption of small molecules of acidic nature.