Relative Resource Use Research Articles

Inpatient burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Switzerland, 2003 to 2021: an analysis of administrative data.

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections and hospitalisations in infants (age < 1 year) and young children. Little is known on RSV epidemiology and related inpatient healthcare resource use (HCRU) in Switzerland.AimTo explore RSV-related hospitalisations, inpatient HCRU and medical costs in all age groups, and risk factors for infant hospitalisations in Switzerland.MethodsWe used national hospital registry data from 2003 to 2021 identifying RSV cases with ICD-10-GM codes, and described demographic characteristics, HCRU and associated medical costs of RSV inpatients. The effect of risk factors on infant hospitalisation was estimated with logistic regression.ResultsWe observed a general increase and biannual pattern in RSV hospitalisations between 2003/04 and 2018/19, with 3,575 hospitalisations in 2018/19 and 2,487 in 2019/20 before numbers declined in 2020/21 (n = 902). Around two thirds of all hospitalisations occurred in infants. Mean (median) age was 118 (85) days in hospitalised infants and 74 (77) years in hospitalised adult patients (> 18 years); 7.2% of cases required intensive care unit stay. Mean inpatient medical costs were estimated at EUR 8,046. Most (90.8%) hospitalised infants with RSV were born after 35 weeks of gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital heart disease. Low birth weight, gestational age and congenital disorders were associated with a higher risk for hospitalisation.ConclusionsRSV leads to a substantial number of hospitalisations and peaks in hospital capacity utilisation. Measures to protect all infants from an RSV hospitalisation are essential in addressing this public health challenge.

Protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of the 'Outdoor' mobility intervention for older adults after hip fracture.

A high proportion of patients do not regain outdoor mobility after hip fracture. Rehabilitation explicitly targeting outdoor mobility is needed to enable these older adults to recover activities which they value most. The overarching aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial which aims to assess the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of an intervention designed to enable recovery of outdoor mobility among older adults after hip fracture (the OUTDOOR intervention). This is a protocol for a multi-centre pragmatic parallel group (allocation ratio 1:1) randomised controlled assessor-blinded feasibility trial. Adults aged 60 years or more, admitted to hospital from- and planned discharge to- home, with self-reported outdoor mobility in the three-months pre-fracture, surgically treated for hip fracture, and who are able to consent and participate, are eligible. Individuals who require two or more people to support mobility on discharge will be excluded. Screening and consent (or consent to contact) will take place in hospital. Baseline assessment and randomisation will follow discharge from hospital. Participants will then receive usual care (delivered by physiotherapy, occupational therapy, or therapy assistants), or usual care plus the OUTDOOR intervention. The OUTDOOR intervention includes a goal-orientated outdoor mobility programme (supported by up to six in-person visits), therapist-led motivational dialogue (supported by up to four telephone calls), supported by a past-patient led video where recovery experiences are shared, and support to transition to independent ongoing recovery. Therapists delivering the OUTDOOR intervention (distinct from those supporting usual care) will receive training in motivational interviewing and behaviour change techniques. Baseline demographics will be collected. Patient reported outcome measures including health related quality of life, activities of daily living, pain, community mobility, falls related self-efficacy, resource use, readmissions, and mortality will be collected at baseline, 6-weeks, 12-weeks, and 6-months (for those enrolled early in the trial) post-randomisation. Exercise adherence (6- and 12- weeks) and intervention acceptability (12-weeks) will be collected. A subset of 20 participants will also support accelerometery data collection for 10 days at each time point. The trial findings will be disseminated to patients and the public, health professionals and researchers through publications, presentations and social media channels. The trial has been registered at ISRCTN16147125. 3.0.

Effects of 40 Years of Fertilizer Application on the Characteristics of Soil Enzymatic Stoichiometry in Black Soil

Microorganisms produce extracellular enzymes to meet elemental requirements and cope with stoichiometric imbalances of resources. To gain insights into the cycling of C, N, and P, the activities of the C∶N∶P acquisition enzymes have been extensively investigated. To detect the effects of long-term fertilization practices on soil nutrient balance and characteristics of soil enzymatic stoichiometry in black soil, four different fertilization treatments were selected： no fertilization （CK）, nitrogen fertilizer （N）, phosphorus fertilizer （P）, and combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers （NP）. Soil samples were collected in both April 2021 and April 2022 to determine soil enzyme activities and their stoichiometric characteristics. The results showed that soil acid phosphatase and β-D-glucosidase activities were significantly higher in the N and NP treatments than in CK by 68%-158% and 26%-222%, respectively. Soil β-N-acetylaminoglucosidase activities were significantly higher in the P and NP treatments, with the highest around 75.48 nmol·（g·h）-1 and 106.81 nmol·（g·h）-1, respectively. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that N and P inputs had a great impact on soil enzyme activities. Redundancy analysis showed that the main factors controlling enzyme activities were soil pH, microbial biomass phosphorus, and soil available P content. It was found that N inputs significantly increased enzyme vector length, which was ranged from 1.32 to 1.52, and the enzyme vector angles were all larger than 45°, suggesting C and P co-limited in the black soils. These findings suggest that 40 years of fertilization have had a great impact on soil enzymes and the related resource use strategy, which provides great implications for assessing soil nutrients balance and soil sustainability.

Feeding patterns of the Neotropical cichlid, Australoheros acaroides (Hensel, 1870), in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT We present detailed data on the feeding patterns of the Neotropical cichlid Australoheros acaroides (Hensel, 1870) in southern Brazil, focusing on three questions: (i) do feeding patterns vary according to the season or body size class of the species? (ii) are the niche breadth and intraspecific trophic overlap influenced by the season or the body size class? and (iii) how do feeding strategies and the fractional trophic level vary among seasons and body size classes? We analyzed 88 individuals and identified 27 different types of food item. A PERMANOVA identified significant variation in the composition of the diet among the seasons and body size classes. We detected a relatively narrow trophic niche, and a feeding strategy that varied in the relative use of resources among seasons and body size classes. Trophic overlap was relatively discreet among seasons and body size classes, however, and there was also little variation in the fractional trophic position of the species among seasons or size classes. These findings provide important insights into different aspects of the trophic relationships of A. acaroides in the subtropical region of southern Brazil, and resolve an important knowledge gap in its feeding ecology.

Event-free survival as a predictor of overall survival and recurrence burden of patients with non–small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy

ObjectivesEvent-free survival has replaced overall survival as a primary end point in many recent and ongoing clinical trials. This study aims to examine the correlation between real-world event-free survival and overall survival and to assess the clinical and economic burden associated with disease recurrence among patients with resected stage II to III non–small cell lung cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy in the United States. MethodsThis retrospective study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare database (2007–2019) to identify patients with newly diagnosed, resected, stage II to IIIB (N2) non–small cell lung cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy. The correlation between real-world event-free survival and overall survival was assessed using the normal scores rank correlation and landmark analysis. Overall survival, all-cause health care resource use and costs, and non–small cell lung cancer–related health care resource use and costs were compared between patients with and without recurrence. ResultsA total of 221 patients met the eligibility criteria (median follow-up time from neoadjuvant treatment initiation: 32.7 months). The mean age was 72.1 years, and 57.0% of patients were male. Real-world, event-free survival and overall survival are positively and significantly correlated (0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79). Patients with recurrence had significantly shorter median overall survival (19.3 vs 116.9 months), 4.59 times increased risk of death (95% CI, 2.56-8.26), and significantly higher all-cause and non–small cell lung cancer–related health care resource use and costs (adjusted mean monthly costs per patient difference: $5758 and $3187, respectively [all P < .001]). ConclusionsThese findings help validate event-free survival as a clinically meaningful end point and strong predictor for overall survival and highlight the need for additional novel therapies that may delay or prevent recurrence in resectable stage II and III non–small cell lung cancer.

Crane Mat Layout Optimization Based on Agent-Based Greedy and Reinforcement-Learning Approach

The growing prevalence of modular construction, while it offers benefits in terms of productivity and sustainability, has led to increased use of heavy mobile cranes and related resources on construction sites. One significant resource associated with crane use is the crane mat, which offers practical mobile crane ground support against poor soil-bearing capacity. Due to increased use of crane mats, crane mat layout plans/drawings have become increasingly significant in today’s construction industry. The present work describes an automated crane mat optimization framework for preparing crane mat layout plans/drawings built on an agent-based greedy algorithm and reinforcement learning. The proposed framework employs these approaches to achieve the maximum area with the minimum number of crane mats. The proposed framework is found to decrease the time required for preparing a crane mat layout plan/drawing (approximately 97% time saving) with more uniform and efficient crane mat planning outcomes (approximately 63% crane mat material reduction).

Habitat and food preferences of European rabbits in core and edge populations along the invasion front Patagonia-Monte, Argentina.

The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is an exotic herbivorous mammal undergoing an active phase of geographical expansion in the arid ecosystems of Argentina. The Adaptive Flexibility Hypothesis states that populations at the range edge (new populations) will exhibit greater flexibility in the use of resources compared with populations located in the range core (older populations). The objective of this work was to compare the rabbit's use of spatial and trophic resources in relation to the establishment time of their populations. The sampling was carried out for 2 years (2017 and 2018) in sites with different establishment times for rabbit populations. Random sampling stratified by type of habitat was applied using 115 fixed strip transects of 1,000 m2 laid out across the study areas. Fresh rabbit signs were recorded in each transect, and environmental and anthropic variables were measured. Our results show that the individuals from the range edge are more selective in the use of habitat than those from the range core. At the microhabitat level, we observed a pattern in the particular components of habitat use by rabbits mainly linked to food availability and proximity to water. From a trophic perspective, rabbits could show flexible adjustment to novel conditions and environments in the range edge. The variability in resource use by the European rabbit confirms its ecological flexibility, pivotal for their advance toward new environments in Argentina.

The rise of the Functional Response in invasion science: a systematic review

Predicting which non-native species will negatively impact biodiversity is a longstanding research priority. The Functional Response (FR; resource use in relation to availability) is a classical ecological concept that has been increasingly applied to quantify, assess and compare ecological impacts of non-native species. Despite this recent growth, an overview of applications and knowledge gaps across relevant contexts is currently lacking. We conducted a systematic review using a combination of terms regarding FR and invasion science to synthesise scientific studies that apply the FR approach in the field and to suggest new areas where it could have valuable applications. Trends of publications using FR in invasion science and publications about FR in general were compared through the Activity Index. Data were extracted from papers to reveal temporal, bibliographic, and geographic trends, patterns in study attributes such as type of interaction and habitat investigated, taxonomic groups used, and context-dependencies assessed. In total, 120 papers were included in the review. We identified substantial unevenness in the reporting of FRs in invasion science, despite a rapidly growing number of studies. To date, research has been geographically skewed towards North America and Europe, as well as towards predator-prey interactions in freshwater habitats. Most studies have focused on a few species of invertebrates and fishes. Species origin, life stage, environmental temperature and habitat complexity were the most frequently considered context-dependencies. We conclude that while the FR approach has thus far been narrowly applied, it has broad potential application in invasion science and can be used to test major hypotheses in this research field.

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Continuum

Spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a system that supports the management and use of geospatial data and related resources. It involves the creation and maintenance of a network of organizations, people, and technology that enables the sharing of geospatial data across sectors and stakeholders. In recent years, the growth of geospatial data and the increasing reliance on it by various sectors has led to the emergence of new trends in SDI, such as the use of cloud computing and big data analytics, the integration of geospatial data with other types of data, and the emphasis on open data and data interoperability. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) refers to geospatial data that is collected and contributed by individuals or groups, rather than traditional sources using the application of web 2.0 and location based applications, social media, mobile devices or say citizens as the censors. Crowdsourcing in geospatial data generation concept of VGI has changed the traditional concept of SDI having one way relationship as producers and users to the user driven SDI, where user create diverse, high quality data (spatial, temporal, attribute) and also use the data interoperable, transparently, world widely and free of cost. Various authors have discussed about the application of VGI in the world of the digital data and also point outs the possibility of integration of VGI in SDI as the starting of the new generation of SDI in the form of Global GIS platform, Data Spaces, System of Systems (SoS), Geoverse, Digital Earth, Digital Twin, Virtual Geographic Environment (VGEs). However, there exists multiple VGI challenges such as data quality, data structure, data differentiation, data copyright, and data confidentiality and privacy, but with the proper cooperation and partnerships, policy and legal arrangements, standard developments, financial arrangements, inter/intra communication and added advantages of web 3.0, concept of Global Digital Ecosystem containing Geoverse, SDI and SoS is possible. Hence, VGI is the present and also the future in this SDI continuum.

INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS AND USE OF LIBRARY RESOURCES BY UNDERGRADUATES IN UNIVERSITIES IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Use of library resources involves seeking, finding and perusing information resources in other to satisfy some information needs. However, studies have shown that the undergraduates rarely use the library resources. While studies have focused on variables such as information literacy, few have considered use of library resources in relation to information literacy skills. This study examined the influence of information literacy skills on the use of library resources in selected universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study comprised 15,400 final year undergraduates in selected Federal (1), State (1) and private (5) universities in Ogun State. A sample size of 390 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A structured and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the construct ranged from 0.89 to 0.98. A response rate of 92.8% was achieved. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (simple and multiple regression) statistics. Findings revealed that information literacy skills had positive significant influence on use of library resources by final year undergraduates in universities in Ogun State. (Adj.R2 = 0.27, F(1, 361) = 136.79, p &lt; 0.05). The study concluded that information literacy skills promoted use of library resources by final year undergraduates in selected universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. It was recommended that library management should introduce students to practical training in the use of library resources. It was also recommended that library resources and qualified staff should be provided to increase the interests and abilities of undergraduates to use the library resources.

Testing the context dependence of ant nutrient preference across habitat strata and trophic levels in Neotropical biomes.

Animals are integrated into the wider ecosystem via their foraging and behavior. The compensation hypothesis predicts that animals target their foraging efforts (i) toward nutrients that are scarce in the environment and (ii) toward nutrients that are not present in the usual diet of species, which varies across trophic levels. Understanding how foraging for resources varies locally, such as across habitat strata, and trophic levels will help to elucidate the links between the local environment and communities to the ecological functions that animals mediate. We examined whether the relative resource use of ants varies consistently along a habitat strata gradient and across trophic levels across Neotropical biomes. We placed 4500 baited tubes, each containing one of five liquid resources (sugar, amino acid, lipid, sodium, and distilled water) in one of three habitat strata (subterranean, epigaeic, and arboreal) across 60 transects in Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampa, and Pantanal biomes. We assessed the relative resource use of all ants across the habitat strata and among two different trophic groups across biomes. The relative preference for sugar increased from subterranean to arboreal strata in all biomes, while the relative preference for lipids decreased at this gradient in five biomes. We also found that in general sugar-consuming ants foraged more for sugar and less for lipids than predatory ants across biomes. Conversely, we found no consistency across biomes in nutrient preference of amino acid and sodium across habitat strata or trophic levels. Overall, our results indicate sugar limitation in the arboreal stratum and lipid limitation on the ground across biomes and that the trophic level of ants strongly determines their foraging efforts-possibly because ants try to fix their dietary nutrient imbalances. Hence, our findings suggest strong local niche partitioning of sugar and lipid use across habitat strata and trophic levels and that other large spatial scale processes influence the local amino acid and sodium dynamics.

Using stable isotopes in hummingbird breath to estimate reliance on supplemental feeders.

Understanding the ecological consequences of supplemental feeding to both hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate is complicated by logistical challenges associated with assessing relative dietary resource use with commonly applied observational methods. Here, we describe the results of research conducted to assess the relative use of feeder and flower nectar by Broad-tailed (Selasphorus platycercus) and Rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) using two distinct methodological variations to measure the δ13C values of exhaled CO2. Because of the relatively quick time in which both species switch from exogenous to endogenous resources to fuel metabolism, our experiment allowed us to assess resource use at two timescales. Our results suggest variability in the relative contributions of the two dietary sources within and among species and timescales, with most birds employing a mixture of feeder and flower sugars as fuel sources. This diversity in relative resource use may mitigate potential negative effects of supplemental feeding on hummingbirds and their plant symbionts.

Protocol for the effectiveness evaluation of an antenatal, universally offered, and remotely delivered parenting programme ‘Baby Steps’ on maternal outcomes: a Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) study

BackgroundPoor perinatal mental health and maternal sensitivity towards a child in the early years can carry a long-term cost to individuals and to society, and result in negative child outcomes such as poor mental health and social emotional issues. Despite the recognition of early intervention and prevention, there is mixed evidence regarding antenatal parenting interventions that aim to enhance perinatal mental health and maternal sensitivity to prevent negative child outcomes. ‘Baby Steps’ is a relationship-based antenatal and postnatal parenting programme. The service evaluated in this study is delivered in a low-income and ethnically diverse community via Better Start Bradford.This study aims to assess whether the universally, and remotely delivered Baby Steps programme is effective in improving postnatal maternal sensitivity (primary outcome) and postnatal maternal mental health (secondary outcome) when compared to services as usual 6–10 weeks post-birth. It will also assess differences in birth outcomes, and differences in the prevalence of poor perinatal mental ill health through routine data. The feasibility of collecting cost and health related resource use data for a future economic evaluation will be explored.MethodsThe study is a quasi-experimental evaluation in a single centre. All participants are drawn from Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) interventional family cohort study. Intervention participants will be matched to a demographically comparable control group using propensity score matching. The required minimum sample is n = 130 (ratio 1:1) to detect a medium effect (± 2.35, d = .50) on the primary outcome—maternal-child sensitivity, using the Mothers Object Relations Scale Short Form (MORS-SF). Secondary outcomes include the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment 7 (GAD-7), identification of poor perinatal mental health through routine data, and birth outcomes (delivery method, gestation period, low birth weight). Service delivery costs and health resource use will be gathered from routine data.DiscussionThis study will evaluate the effectiveness of Baby Steps for enhancing maternal-child sensitivity and maternal mental health when delivered universally and remotely. The findings regarding programme effectiveness, process, and costs will be relevant for researchers, service commissioners, and service staff.Trial registrationThis study was prospectively registered with ISRCTN (22/04/2022, ISRCTN12196131).

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНА СИСТЕМА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

At the heart of security activities are the processes of obtaining and using information for making and implementing management decisions. The current stage is characterized by increasingly active use of digital technologies, which make it possible to speed up work with information resources, which creates new opportunities for security subjects. The use of such opportunities requires a review of the principles of formation and development of relevant information systems. The current focus exclusively on accounting information does not allow creating the necessary information basis for making management decisions, in particular due to the limited consideration of the influence of external factors. The study involves consideration of the theoretical basis and development of practical recommendations for the creation of an information and analytical system for ensuring the economic security. In order to develop a theoretical basis for improving the information and analytical system of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise, the following methods were applied: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms "information" and "information and analytical support"; synthesis and analysis – when characterizing the information and analytical subsystems of the information and analytical provision of economic security of the enterprise; morphological analysis – to clarify the procedure for obtaining and processing information within the process of meeting the information needs of security subjects; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. Consideration of the essence of the concept of "information" and a further critical review of existing approaches to information and analytical support allowed to substantiate the author's position regarding the principles of formation and improvement of the information and analytical system for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise. The key points of the author's position are the need to implant such a system in the information and analytical support of enterprise management for a more rational use of resources in relation to obtaining, checking, processing, addressing and storing data in relation to meeting the information needs of security subjects, based on the nature of changes in the external and the internal environment, which may indicate real or potential impact on security due to the realization of a threat or the emergence of new opportunities for development.

Application of Online Course Resources in College English Teaching

The introduction of online courses such as microlectures and MOOCs has profoundly affected the education ecology. The use of online courses and related resources can promote the improvement of English teaching quality and help students to carry out independent and personalized learning, so that the classroom instruction efficiency can be enhanced. This paper analyzes the importance of online course resources, sorts out the problems related to online course resources in the current English teaching in colleges and universities, and discusses how to improve the effectiveness of online course resources for reference.

EPH182 Inpatient Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children ≤2 Years of Age in Germany: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Hospitalization Data, 2019-2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pathogen that causes respiratory tract disease, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis in seasonal waves. Infants and young children are primarily affected. However, national epidemiological RSV surveillance and resource use data are limited. This study aims to quantify the number of RSV-associated hospitalizations in children ≤2 years of age and related inpatient resource use in Germany.

Burden of chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia in the United States: a retrospective claims database study

ABSTRACT Background Real-world estimates of relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy episode costs are scarce. We quantified chemotherapy episode–related costs and healthcare resource use (HRU) in R/R AML. Research Design and Methods This real-world, retrospective analysis of United States claims from IQVIA’s PharMetrics® Plus database (October 2008-September 2019) identified adults with R/R AML and ≥1 chemotherapy episode. Chemotherapy episode (ie, low- [LIC] or high-intensity [HIC] chemotherapy) costs and HRU were determined using inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy claims. Results Mean (SD) and median total all-cause healthcare costs per R/R AML chemotherapy episode were $230,799 ($300,770) and $129,117. Mean (SD) and median adjusted direct R/R AML chemotherapy episode costs were $116,384 ($151,425) and $63,298, with increases noted from the first to the second and subsequent episodes and with HIC. Hospitalizations were the major cost driver; 64.1% of patients had ≥1 hospitalization and 36% required an intensive care unit stay. Conclusions R/R AML chemotherapy episode costs were high, with higher costs reported with HIC and increasing lines of chemotherapy. Hospitalizations were a main cost driver. Novel therapies with comparable or improved effectiveness and decreased need for hospitalizations versus chemotherapy may help alleviate the clinical and economic burden of R/R AML.

Invasive and toxic cyanobacteria regulate allochthonous resource use and community niche width of reservoir zooplankton

Abstract Cyanobacterial dominance or blooms can influence ecosystem structure in reservoirs, yet there are only few studies of its effect on the resource use and trophic structure of zooplankton. We hypothesised that zooplankton traits would exhibit a strong response to the increase of invasive and toxic cyanobacteria. We investigated the effect of an invasive bloom‐forming cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) on zooplankton functional traits (e.g., growth, reproduction, allochthonous resource use and realised niche) through laboratory experiments and 3‐year field investigations in two subtropical reservoirs. The realised niche (i.e., resource and habitat use) was quantified using stable isotopes (termed isotopic niches). We fed the cladoceran zooplankton Moina sp. with Scenedesmus obliquus (chlorophyte), R. raciborskii, and a mixture of S. obliquus and R. raciborskii in laboratory experiments. A diet of R. raciborskii alone depressed the growth and reproduction of Moina sp. compared to a diet of S. obliquus alone, but a mixture of S. obliquus and R. raciborskii greatly alleviated the inhibition effects caused by cyanobacteria. Under natural field conditions, we did not find a strong inhibition effect of R. raciborskii dominance on the zooplankton, but a high biomass of R. raciborskii was associated with an increase (17%) in the relative allochthonous resource (terrestrially derived organic matter) use by cladocerans (but not for copepods), even though the chlorophyll‐a concentration increased from 17 μg/L in the non‐bloom period to 28 μg/L during periods of R. raciborskii dominance or blooms. Furthermore, a high biomass of R. raciborskii increased the contribution of inter‐taxa variation (taxa sorting) to the expanded isotopic niches of the zooplankton community. Our study helps to clarify cyanobacteria‐zooplankton interactions and highlights the importance of cyanobacterial dominance or blooms in regulating cross‐ecosystem resource use and biogeochemical cycling mediated by zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems.

Protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluations conducted on gender-transformative interventions aimed at preventing unintended pregnancy and promoting sexual health in adolescents

IntroductionIn the context of family planning and reproductive health, a gender-transformative approach involves helping communities understand and challenge the social norms that perpetuate inequalities between men and women, and improving...

Assessment of Ecosystem Services and Environmental Degradation by Using Landscape Approach in The Riparian Area of Lake Rawapening

Lake Rawapening is a unique landscape that naturally provides provisioning, regulatory, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services. On the other side, Rawapening Lake is an open access area that is subject to be vulnerable to any economic activities that lead to environmental degradation. This study aims to identify the spatial distribution of ecosystem services provided in part of the riparian area of Rawapening Lake using a geomorphological approach with detailed scale mapping and identify environmental degradation that occurred in the area in two time periods, 2016 and 2020. Data analysis was carried out using Scoring and Pairwise Comparison techniques to produce Ecosystem Services Index and Ecosystem Services Composite Index values presented in a Spatio-temporal manner. The results of the analysis using the Geographic Information System (GIS) show that the dynamics of the landscape that occurred in 2016 and 2020 caused changes in the provision of ecosystem services in terms of the area. In these two periods, the Landscape Lake Rawapening had the highest Ecosystem Services Composite Index(IKJE). However, the threat of environmental degradation caused by anthropogenic activities is always lurking and can lead to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the provision of ecosystem services from the landscape. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on the physical and socio-economic characteristics of the study area to assist policymakers in formulating the determination of lake riparian area and zoning of related resource use.