Use Of Punctuation Marks Research Articles

An Appraisal of the Usage of Punctuation Marks by 400-Level English Students in Selected Nigerian Universities

This article analyses 400-level English students’ use of punctuation marks in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria (ABU) and Federal University Gusau (FUG) during the 2023/2024 academic session. The students were given an in-class test to assess their level of knowledge on punctuation. The research questionnaire contained 15 short responses and an essay writing question. The subjects were seated in a class, and each student provided independent responses to validate the data. Fifty students’ scripts were randomly selected from each institution. The test scripts serve as the data for the study. The researchers used a quantitative method to analyse the questions. The study adopts a model proposed by Gass & Selinker (2008), which has six important steps: collecting data, identifying errors, classifying errors, quantifying errors, analysing sources of errors, and remediating errors. The research found that ABU English students’ knowledge of punctuation marks is higher, with ellipsis and dash having 100% correct scores and the semicolon being the least in the ranking scale with 38% correct scores. Federal University Gusau students’ knowledge of the full stop is higher, with 96% correct scores, and the colon is the least with 16%. The study also established that the errors resulting from the misuse of punctuation marks are mostly due to carelessness, which accounts for the misrepresentation of the English students. The article recommends that lecturers handling writing in the universities should ensure that English candidates, being potential teachers, adhere strictly to punctuation rules for more effective communication.

Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Teks Berita Dalam Website "Detiknews" Edisi Februari 2024 Sebagai Kalayakan Bahan Ajar Membaca Kritis Siswa Kelas X SMA Terhadap Perilaku Sosial Remaja

The development of the times is accompanied by progress in various fields of life, such as science, technology, and economics. Progress is also felt in the scientific field of journalism. One of the terms in the field of journalism that is commonly known by the general public is print mass media, such as newspapers. Today's newspapers are not only printed on paper, but many newspapers have created their own blogs or pages so that news can be read online. The aim of this research is to analyze language errors based on the classification of linguistic categories, namely syntax, which includes the areas of spelling and sentence effectiveness. The data source is several news stories published on the detikNews website in the February 2024 edition. The data was then analyzed using the listening method and note-taking techniques. The results of the research showed that there were 52 errors in the use of spelling and punctuation, which were described as follows: a) there were 11 errors in writing foreign words; b) there were 8 errors in writing numbers; c) there were 13 errors in writing capital letters; d) there were 15 errors in the use of punctuation marks; e) there were 5 errors in writing pronouns. Apart from that, there were 44 errors in the use of ineffective sentences, which are described as follows: a) there were 14 errors in choosing diction; b) there are 10 sentences with no subject or predicate; c) there are 9 sentences with overlapping words; d) there are 11 long-winded sentences. It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase understanding and deeper knowledge regarding linguistics, namely syntax, including the areas of spelling and word choice and their use, knowledge about the types, as well as providing suitable teaching materials for class X high school students for them to carry out assessments and considerations. about adolescent social behavior critically.

Analisis Kualitas Bahasa pada Teks Berita di Website Koran Tempo Edisi Februari 2024 sebagai Kelayakan Bahan Ajar Membaca Kritis bagi Mahasiswa

Currently, there are many platforms used by writers to publish news, one of which is through mass media. In publishing news, a writer must pay attention to good and correct language quality in order to meet the requirements of linguistic quality. Thus, there needs to be more understanding from a writer in order to write spelling correctly and correctly according to writing guidelines. The purpose of this research is to check the correctness of news text writing has fulfilled the rules of good and correct language and in accordance with the user situation in a mass media. If a mass media does not present news text writing using good and correct language rules, its competence needs to be doubted. The approach used in this research is a syntactic approach using a qualitative descriptive method. This method is used to investigate and explain things related to a reality that occurs in the surrounding environment. The results of the analysis and discussion of the research prove that in the news text on the February 2024 edition of Koran Tempo website there are still errors in word writing, errors in the use of punctuation marks, and errors in the use of letters. The quality of language in the news text is classified as good if it meets the requirements of no errors in writing words, punctuation, letters, and spelling. With this research, it is hoped that it can increase knowledge about language and can improve the ability to read news texts, analyze language quality, and provide guidance to writers to pay attention to linguistic rules or use standard language in writing so that it is easily understood by the public.

CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WRITE NEWS: A RESEARCH ON DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON NEWS WRITING PRACTICE

Artificial intelligence (AI) has integrated into human life and brought many innovations and conveniences. AI, which is used in many different fields, is also used in the media field and provides significant advantages. Especially tasks that are simpler and based on numerical data are done through AI rather than human power. Thus, AI saves time and speeds up the process. However, it is still unclear what and how well AI does. In this context, it is significant to determine how successful AI is in news writing. The research aims to compare news written by expert journalists with those written by ChatGPT. The study aims to determine the extent of similarity between the two types of news and, in this context, assess how closely AI contributes to accurate news production. The study sample consists of 30 individuals, including 10 expert journalists, 10 second-year journalism undergraduates, and 10 regular users. The research is a qualitative study, and the purposive sampling method was employed to determine the sample group. In the study, data related to news written separately by expert journalists and ChatGPT in three different categories: traffic accidents, fires, and murders, were collected through a survey method. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with participants. In conclusion, it was observed that news written by AI didn’t adhere to the 5W1H rule, included commentary, had incorrect use of punctuation marks, and expressions were significantly distant from the news format.

LITERARY DISCOURSE, ITS VARIETIES AND PUNCTUATION

The article explores the role of punctuation marks in literary fiction discourse, focusing on their impact on text structuring, meaning formation, and the reader's perception of the work. Discourse is defined as a coherent text with ontological and epistemological properties, and the article distinguishes between the usual and occasional use of punctuation marks in a text. The former provides clarity and unambiguity to the work, while the latter is used to achieve special stylistic effects. Punctuation marks are essential in organizing the semantic structure of the text and contribute to meaning-making by setting accents and emphasizing key points. Overall, punctuation plays an important role in encoding and decoding meaning, helping the author express their ideas and intentions while allowing the reader to interpret them correctly.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN HURUF KAPITAL DAN TANDA BACA PADA SURAT KELUAR DI KANTOR DESA ORAHILI FONDRAKO KECAMATAN ULUSUSUA TAHUN 2022

The problem with this research is that there are still many problems with capital letters and punctuation in outgoing letters at the Orahili Fondrako village office, Ulususua District. This is supported by initial observations made by researchers. The aims of this research are 1) to describe capital letter errors and 2) to describe punctuation errors in outgoing letters at the Orahili Fondrako village office in 2022. The research method used is qualitative and descriptive. The data collection technique used is documentation. The data source for this research is letters distributed at the Orahili Fondrako village office. Based on the research results, the researcher drew the following conclusions: (,) and period (.). In the Orahili Fondrako Village office, Ulususua District, errors occur due to lack of writing skills, limited dominance of language rules and inaccuracies in writing outgoing letters, therefore it is necessary to be alert to errors in the use of punctuation marks used and correct them when writing letters. This shows that there is an error in using comma punctuation marks such as 2 (two) and 4 (two). four) types of errors in using punctuation 6. Recommendations that can be given include: 1) continuing the use of spelling by educational practitioners, 2) other researchers should conduct further research on this matter. Bluedan 3) Errors are reserved for the teacher, so that students continue to be taught the correct and correct use of spelling.

Fake human but real influencer: the interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication?

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in industry and academia in virtual influencers (VIs). This study aimed to augment the understanding of VI marketing by exploring the relationship between VI’s characteristics (i.e., their humanlikeness level and operator type), their social media post characteristics (i.e., emotional expression, use of pronouns, use of punctuation marks), and consumer engagement. The analysis of three popular VIs’ Instagram profiles and posts revealed that VIs with less humanlike appearances tend to exhibit stronger positive emotional expressions. Interestingly, the level of humanlikeness in appearance was not associated with VI's other post characteristics, suggesting other intrinsic factors (e.g., the VI’s character and virtual universe) may play a pivotal role. Whether a brand operates the VI or not made a statistically significant difference in the VI’s post characteristics. Assessment of user engagement metrics (i.e., number of likes and comments) showed that users prefer hyper-realistic VIs and VIs operated by non-brand agencies, underscoring the importance of perceived authenticity in the digital realm. The emotions expressed by VIs, along with their use of punctuation, were positively related to user engagement.

THE OPENING VERSES OF THE TALE OF IGOR’S CAMPAIGN IN ITS BULGARIAN TRANSLATIONS

This article presents a comparison of the opening verses of the famous anonymous work of ancient Russian literature, The Tale of Igor’s Campaign, translated into Bulgarian by four different translators in the course of more than a century: Efrem Karanov (1898), Lyudmil Stoyanov (1954), Kiril Kadiyski (1985), and Krasimir Georgiev (2015). The main goal is to analyze the changes in translation decisions and identify any possible deviations from the source text. Special attention is paid to the strategies employed by the translators to convey the meaning of several challenging passages in the ancient text. The present study considers some issues in the process of translation such as the use of different clause construction: the difference between number in the original text and their number in the translated one; the separation of one sentence into two in the process of translation, as well as the free use of punctuation marks by the translators. What is also analyzed is the problem of title translation from an old Russian language into a language comprehensible to any reader contemporary with the translators. The lack of an original, the impossible dating of the work, the unknown author and other elements of the work gave a certain freedom of the translators to express their own style.

Stilistika dalam Geguritan Kidung Wengi Karya Hadi Pamungkas

This writing is intended to investigate the style of the language contained in the geguritan Kidung Wengi by Hadi Pamungkas using a stylistic scalpel. This writing uses a research lens that focuses on the object of study regarding the style of language, imagery, and typography used. The method used by the author in examining this geguritan is to use a qualitative descriptive method with the technique of collecting physical evidence in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in the geguritan containing the focus of the writing objective. Based on the research that has been done, the results obtained in the form of finding figure of speech, imagery, diction, and typography that are used to describe a situation as well as tools to beautify the language of geguritan. In this geguritan found images such as visual images, auditory images, motion images, and tactile images. There are also figures of speech found in Kidung Wengi's geguritan, including personification, metaphor, and hyperbole. This Gegutitan also contains dictions in its writing. In addition, in writing this geguritan the author also includes typography which is a writing technique related to the use of writing rules and the use of punctuation marks.

Punctuation in English and Russian Languages

Punctuation or punctuation marks in English, as in Russian, is used to separate sentences, parts of complex sentences and words, to express intonation and semantic emphasis of individual words. In both languages, punctuation in the text is governed by certain rules, but in English these rules are less strict. Good punctuation is the ability to make the right choice in the right place so that the reader can best understand the author’s intonation. In the article the authors analyze the use of punctuation marks in English and Russian. Differences and similarities in the use of punctuation were also demonstrated in the article.

Radar Tasikmalaya News Portal's Error Analysis in the Indonesian Language from a Linguistic Category Point of View

There are still many online news portals that make writing errors, not only in terms of spelling, but also in terms of morphology, syntax and semantics. The goal of this language mistake analysis is to analyze and repair phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic faults found on instructional pages of the Radar Tasikmalaya news site. The researcher employed a descriptive analytic method. The research methods employed in this study were observation, interviews, and literature studies, which involved reviewing all of the books, articles, notes, and reports that had anything to do with the issue being addressed. By performing numerous steps in the study process, including: (1) gathering data, (2) describing the data, (3) evaluating the data, and (4) drawing conclusions. The findings of a language mistake study for the Radar Tasikmalaya news portal's edition can be concluded that there are forms of language errors in the fields of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. In linguistic-morphological category errors there are errors in affixation. Syntactic errors consist of errors in sentence construction. There are also semantic errors consisting of errors in the meaning of sentences that can make the reader misinterpret the sentence. Then there are errors in the use of spelling or phonology, these spelling errors consist of writing errors in the use of punctuation marks, especially in writing academic degrees, using standard words, writing foreign terms, and writing capital letters.

The Challenges Of Rule-Based Learning Of The Comma Among Nigerian English Users

Learners of English in Nigeria hardly relate punctuation and meaning in written expressions or recognize the relationship between intonation and punctuation. There is a proliferation of incorrect use of punctuation marks, especially commas, among students and even graduates. The investigation therefore focuses on the use of the comma among students of the College of Education Gindiri. 40 students were interviewed and issued a questionnaire to find out why and how they use the comma. Data from the questionnaire and interviews were collected and analyzed. The investigation revealed that most of the students use the commas more in compliance with some kind of abstract rules than the need to enhance meaning. This explains why it is difficult for most students and graduates to correctly use the comma. It is taught or used largely based on rules; as such learners don’t realize its creative application to enhance meaning. The researchers recommend that approaches to the teaching of punctuation should de-emphasize the rule approach and focus instead on its output. Function as regards clarity of expression and information should be emphasized not mechanical functions.

Punctuation as a tool of the communicative and semantic organization of the text: norm and usus (on the material of the Spanish language)

The article is devoted to the study of Spanish punctuation from the point of view of its role in the communicative and semantic organization of the text. The setting of certain punctuation marks or their absence always raises questions among students of the Spanish language, and therefore requires in-depth scientific research and clarification. The article studies the punctuation rules established by the Royal Spanish Academy, and deviations from them, which may be associated with the prosodic tradition of the language, the presence of secondary members, genre originality, the influence of the English language, the individual characteristics of the author’s style, the communicative task of the utterance, etc. The source material was contemporary Spanish-language fiction, periodical texts, scientific articles, blog fragments, and comments on social networks. Thus, the work reflects the compositional and semantic features of all genres. In Spanish sentences, the role of the prosodic tradition is strong, so often the punctuation marks are dictated by the presence of the pause in oral speech or the intonation of the utterance. At the same time, punctuation marks show semantic-syntactic links between text units that contribute to the understanding of the text. In the article, the authors consider in detail the features of the use of periods, commas, semicolons, colons, round and square brackets, dashes, quotation marks, question and exclamation marks, and ellipsis. The most difficult is the setting of a comma, which, in addition to its main functions of enumeration, treatment, application, isolation of introductory information, is used in elliptical constructions, in the presence of syntactic inversion, to separate definitive clauses, in order to avoid ambiguity. The clarifying function in Spanish is performed by commas, brackets and dashes. The choice of this or that sign is dictated by the degree of proximity of the explanatory information to the main sentence and the nature of the perception of this utterance by the reader. A distinctive feature of Spanish punctuation is the designation of interrogative and exclamatory intonation in writing using the double use of question and exclamation marks: at the beginning of a sentence, inverted, and at the end of a sentence, in the usual form. Despite the prescriptive nature of punctuation rules, modern Spanish texts contain many examples of unregulated use of punctuation marks, and in some cases ignoring them leads to misunderstanding of the text. The article may be of interest to philologists, teachers of Spanish as a foreign language and all those who study Spanish.

THE SUPRASEGMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PUNCTUATION MARKS IN LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS

There is a consistent and growing interest in the ongoing process of converting spoken language into written form. The use of punctuation marks in written communication during the interactive discourse between the writer and the reader allows for the assessment of the human factor, that is, the communicative impact between the writer and the reader. The scientific integration of spoken and written language is currently gaining significant importance.The prosodic aspects of punctuation marks play a main role in linguistics, influencing the rhythm, intonation, and overall expression of spoken language. Prosody refers to the patterns of stress, pitch, and rhythm in speech, and punctuation marks contribute to these prosodic elements in various ways.

Pieturzīmes interneta forumos

On the internet, people can connect with others and share news and experiences through social media such as internet forums, social networks, or blogs. An internet forum is a discussion group within an online service organisation where users with similar interests can exchange ideas, find valuable information, and share files. Users use a variety of graphical means, such as punctuation, emoticons, and emojis, to express emotions and attitudes in text. The aim is to analyse the use of punctuation marks in internet forums. Punctuation has at least six functions in modern texts: grammatical, emotive, intonational, conative, phatic, and text-formation function. The study analyses the use of punctuation marks (ellipses, dashes, quotation marks, exclamation marks, question marks, and conjunctions of punctuation marks) in emotive, intonational, text-formation, phatic, and conative functions. The empirical basis of the research comprises 500 syntactic constructions manually extracted from 13 internet forums – “BOOT”, “Cālis.lv”, “Copes Lietas”, “debets-kredīts”, “FIZMATI.LV”, “Dieviete”, “Kursors.lv”, “iAuto”, “Māmiņu klubs”, “PRECOS”, “Sieviešu Klubs”, “BUILDING.LV” and “Dabasdati.lv”. The article compares the use of punctuation in internet forums for female and male audiences. The study focuses on the posts, comments, and headlines of internet forums. The study employs a descriptive method.

Skolēnu rakstu valoda latviešu valodas un vēstures valsts pārbaudes darbos 2021. gadā Kurzemē

The research aims to examine pupils’ text creation skills in the Latvian language and history state examinations (SE). The source of the research is the examination papers of pupils in Kurzeme in the 2021 Latvian language SE (an opinion; 250 words) and history SE (task 3 of part 3 – an essay; 200 words). Examination of the evaluation criteria of both examinations shows that the evaluation criteria of the Latvian language examination pay more attention to the quality of spelling (10 points out of 34 (approx. 30%) can be obtained for orthography and punctuation). The article summarizes the main types of errors in morphology and syntax in both examinations. Several types of errors are distinguished in morphology: unjustified use of macrons or their absence, spelling of consonants, words written incorrectly together and separately, spelling of onyms, and errors in the spelling of verbs and foreign words. A number of syntactic constructions were studied in the pupils’ examination papers – coordinated parts of sentence, coordinated parts of sentence with a generalising word, participial clauses, insertions and explanatory word groups –, as wethe frequency of their use in the pupils’ examination papers and the most frequently detected cases of errors. The use of punctuation marks in the sentence, separating the subordinate clause, has also been studied. A comparison of the two examination papers leads to the conclusion that there are no statistically significant differences in the text creation task in Latvian or history SE in Kurzeme. Spelling and punctuation skills are solid, and the number of errors is equal. As pupils take the examinations, caution is observed in using more complex syntactic constructions. In the analysis, examples from pupils’ examination papers are presented in italics, preserving their style, spelling and punctuation errors.

An In-Depth Analysis of Saudi EFL Students’ Written Paragraphs at Al-Baha University

This study aimed to give an in-depth analysis of students’ written paragraphs. Therefore, the study primarily described the nature of the grammatical and mechanical problems that the undergraduate students committed at the paragraph level. Paragraphs written by EFL undergraduate students were analyzed comprehensively. The study adopted a qualitative method approach in which 80 students were asked to write a paragraph. The study found that undergraduate students had many grammatical problems as well as mechanical ones in a paragraph. The major grammatical problems included the use of tenses, pronouns, conjunctions, the use of prepositions, and the use of verbs, whereas the mechanical ones included the use of capitalization, the use of punctuation marks, cursive writing, spelling mistakes, and initiating a paragraph. These problems affected the paragraph’s readability as well as its comprehension. Therefore, it is suggested to give ample time for the students to practice writing prior to university entry. Also, literature should be included in secondary school to provide learners with the necessary words and improve their expressive skills.

Analisa Kesalahan Ejaan Berbahasa Dalam Skripsi Mahasiswa PGMI STAI Barumun Raya Sibuhuan

The problem in this research is that there are still students who still make mistakes in writing their thesis and also in using punctuation marks and the solution that the researcher provides is to upload the file to Google Drive and carry out analysis using Google Doc. The objectives of this research are (1) To find out language spelling errors in preparing thesis proposals for PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan students. (2) To find out writing errors in STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. (3) To describe spelling errors in using capital letters, errors in using italics, and errors in using bold letters in PGMI STAIBR Sibuhuan student theses. In this research the author used a type of field research, the design used was qualitative research, namely research that produces data in the form of written or spoken words from the people being observed. The researcher checked the validity of the data by means of source triangulation and technical triangulation. Source triangulation is triangulation carried out by interviewing various sources, such as the head of the library and lecturers, students from the class of 2017. However, the results obtained must remain the same. Meanwhile, technical triangulation is triangulation carried out by researchers by collecting different data from the same source. By using triangulation techniques in data collection, the data obtained will be better and more certain. Analysis of capital letter errors in writing and italics in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Raya Islamic College (STAIBR) Sibuhuan. caused by errors in the use of capital letters as elements of the first letter of a word at the beginning of a sentence, the first letter of the name of a nation, ethnic group, and language. Analysis of errors in writing prepositions in, to and from students' theses at the Islamic High School Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI). Islam Barumun Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan is due to ignorance that the writing must be written separately from the words of its followers or a combination of words that are commonly considered as one word. Analysis of errors in the use of punctuation marks in students' theses at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program (PGMI) Barumun Islamic College Raya (STAIBR) Sibuhuan errors which include errors in the use of the period punctuation mark (.), errors in the use of the comma punctuation mark (,), errors in the use of the colon (:), and errors in the use of the question mark (?) errors. Punctuation errors are caused by differences in perception in the use of punctuation marks in accordance with EYD guidelines.
 

Analisis Pola Ejaan Dalam Teks Pidato Mahasiswa

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.

Analisis Pola Ejaan Dalam Teks Pidato Mahasiswa

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.