Use Of Punched Cards Research Articles

Punch cards for motility records; a preliminary report.

Anyone who has attempted to analyze the data from a series of motility records is painfully aware of what a bafflingly difficult job it is. Yet some of us cling to the belief that it is only by such analysis that we can learn the value of various types of treatment. For a number of years the use of punch cards has seemed in theory to be the logical solution to this problem, but I now find that this is by no means an easy solution. Thus far I have been able to learn of only two attempts to use punch cards for motility records: a short-lived project by Hermann Burian a number of years ago in Hanover, N. H., and a presently continuing one by Lloyd Morgan, in Toronto. As no report of either of these has yet been published, I feel justified in recording my experience in a

PUNCHED CARDS, BINOMIAL NAMES AND NUMBERS

At the same time it must be recognized that an appreciable segment of our world fraternity of taxonomists is understandably unfamiliar with the functioning of numbering systems, and lacks knowledge of the function and place of punched cards in working such a system. Punched cards of several types are accepted in many facets of biological activity. They are used in taxonomic centers in this country by some monographers in sorting out taxa within a genus and in determining validity of characters in preparing keys for identification purposes. At the same time it is recognized that many taxonomists, anxious to comprehend what this is all about and how to apply it to their work, have asked for a simple presentation of the subject of numbering systems and their integration with punched cards, expressed in application to their own efforts. Some have suspected that existing gaps in information on botanical nomenclature might be quickly filled by the use of such systems, and have wondered how this could be done. Others were sure that by applications of these modern methods, taxonomic information could become readily accessible, and after the labor of building it up to the present, could be kept up-to-date with a minimum of time and effort and a maximum of accuracy. Certainly these are functions to be filled by a carefully planned numbering system in connection with the use of punched cards.

Application of Computers to Group Schemes

SynopsisIn this Paper various methods of maintaining records and performing the annual costing and valuation of Group Life Assurance and Pension Schemes are discussed with particular reference to the “single premium” type of scheme.In Part I a simple form of single premium scheme is defined and the problem to be solved is set out. Possible solutions are discussed involving handwritten cards, punched cards and electronic computers.In Part II some of the added complications which arise in practice are introduced and a proposed system involving use of punched cards and a small-scale electronic computer is given in some detail.

Tabular Analysis of Factorial Experiments and the Use of Punch Cards

Abstract The analysis of complex factorial experiments is performed most efficiently and reliably by means of a tabular procedure suggested by Yates and described originally for the case of n factors each at two levels. In the present paper the method is generalized to factors at any number of levels, not necessarily the same for each factor. The calculations involved lend themselves to standard punch card equipment, and a fully programmed example of an experiment with factors at 2, 3, and 4 levels is described.

Tabular Analysis of Factorial Experiments and the Use of Punch Cards

Abstract The analysis of complex factorial experiments is performed most efficiently and reliably by means of a tabular procedure suggested by Yates and described originally for the case of n factors each at two levels. In the present paper the method is generalized to factors at any number of levels, not necessarily the same for each factor. The calculations involved lend themselves to standard punch card equipment, and a fully programmed example of an experiment with factors at 2, 3, and 4 levels is described.

Wind‐generated ocean currents at Amrum Bank Light ship

A detailed study of wind‐generated currents at a station with rotary tidal currents, based on the analysis of four‐hourly observations during the years 1924–1933, was made at Amrum Bank Light vessel. The use of punch cards for the harmonic analysis of such bulky information is briefly explained. A ‘residual current at calms’ is defined and calculated to separate the wind‐generated current from that caused by other forces. The wind‐generated currents are calculated for winds of eight different directions. The influence of wind velocity and wind steadiness is investigated, and the functional relationship between wind and current is calculated. The water transport under various wind conditions is calculated, and finally charts are constructed which show the general current circulation in the German Bight of the North Sea at eight different wind situations.

Use of Punch Cards to Process Small Grain Yield Data1

Use of Punch Cards to Process Small Grain Yield Data¹

The use of punched cards in the teaching of qualitative organic analysis

The use of punched cards in the teaching of qualitative organic analysis

The use of punched cards in molecular structure determinations. III. Structure-factor calculations of X-ray crystallography

A method is described whereby the rapid calculation of the structure factors of X-ray crystallography is accomplished on punched cards and International Business Machines. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow its application to any space group. The principles set forth may also be applied to other formerly laborious calculations, such as the application of the method of least squares to crystal-structure determinations.

The use of punched cards for the coding of inorganic and simple organic compounds.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe use of punched cards for the coding of inorganic and simple organic compounds.A. B Amster , C. W. Beckett , and H. L. Johnston Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1949, 26, 6, 304Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1949Published inissue 1 June 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ed026p304RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The punched card identification of ore minerals

A punched card system has been developed for the identification of ore minerals, especially the fine intermixed and disseminated forms of most ores. The variation of chemical and physical properties introduces a sufficient number of possible permutations to warrant use of the identification aid. Details are given for the preparation of a set of determinative cards. A brief evaluation of certain determinative data has been attempted. The unreliability of so-called tarnishing reactions has been suggested.Several examples of the use of punched cards in the identification of unknown minerals are presented. Their possible application to published descriptive data is indicated.Two new mineral names are presented. A plea is made for the naming of distinctive microscopic minerals.

SEISMIC PERIODICITY

THIS subject has been discussed by Archie Blake, who states that classical methods for detecting and measuring periodicity have suffered from two serious defects1. First, the Schuster periodogram does not provide adequately for non-sinusoidal types of variation. Secondly, the smoothness encountered in almost all time series and many other types of data introduces a spurious appearance of periodicity which vitiates the test of significance unless proper allowance is made for the smoothness. New statistics designed to detect effects not contemplated in the Schuster periodogram are being tried in a study of the series of aftershocks of the Helena Montana earthquakes of October 1935. This work is being done by use of punched cards, which greatly alleviate the labour of the computation.

Progress‐report on periodicity and time series

Classical methods for detecting and measuring periodicity have suffered from two serious defects. First, the Schuster periodogram does hot provide adequately for non‐sinusoidal types of variation. Second, the smoothness encountered in almost all time series and many other types of data introduces a spurious appearance of periodicity which vitiates the test of significance unless proper allowance is made for the smoothness.New statistics designed to detect effects not contemplated in the Schuster periodogram are being tried in a study of the series of aftershocks of the Helena, Montana, earthquakes of October, 1935. This work is being done by use of punched cards, which greatly alleviate the labor of the computation.