Use Of Postbiotics Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Heat-Killed Pediococcus acidilactici K15 in Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Preterm infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have a risk of severe viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Researchers have recently reported the potential use of postbiotics to decrease RTIs in young children. However, the safety and efficacy of postbiotics for preventing RTIs in preterm infants is not yet established. We conducted a pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the heat-killed lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici K15 in 41 preterm infants born at <36 weeks of gestation and discharged from the NICU at Chiba University Hospital. Following once-daily K15 or placebo treatment for one year, no significant differences were found in the mean number of febrile days (4.5 [1.5-7.4] days vs. 6.6 [2.6-10.5] days). The subgroup analysis showed that the effect of treatment on the number of febrile days was more prominent in the K15 group than in the placebo group, among children with older siblings. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples illustrated that the genus Faecalimonas was enriched in the K15 group, potentially promoting butyrate production by butyrate-producing bacteria. No adverse events were found to be associated with K15 intake. There were no clear data to show the effectiveness of K15 in preventing fever and RTIs in preterm babies during infancy. A larger clinical trial is warranted.

Postbiotics in the Bakery Products: Applications and Nutritional Values.

In recent years, the consumption of postbiotics has gained significant attention due to their potential health benefits. However, their application in the bakery industry remains underutilized. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of postbiotics, specifically the metabolites of lactic acid bacteria, in bakery products. We provide a concise overview of the multifaceted benefits of postbiotics, including their role as natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and preservatives, and their potential to enhance product quality, extend shelf-life, and contribute to consumer welfare. This review combines information from various sources to provide a comprehensive update on recent advances in the role of postbiotics in bakery products, subsequently discussing the concept of sourdough as a leavening agent and its role in improving the nutritional profile of bakery products. We highlighted the positive effects of postbiotics on bakery items, such as improved texture, flavor, and shelf life, as well as their potential to contribute to overall health through their antioxidant properties and their impact on gut health. Overall, this review emphasizes the promising potential of postbiotics to revolutionize the bakery industry and promote healthier and more sustainable food options. The integration of postbiotics into bakery products represents a promising frontier and offers innovative possibilities to increase product quality, reduce food waste, and improve consumer health. Further research into refining techniques to incorporate postbiotics into bakery products is essential for advancing the health benefits and eco-friendly nature of these vital food items.

Use of postbiotics and salicylic acid in a nanostructured system to control Cutibacterium acnes

For a long time, acne was associated with the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Recently, subgroups of C. acnes have been discovered, suggesting that acne may occur due to a possible dysbiosis among these subgroups. The aim of this study was to analyzes three formulations against acne: salicylic acid (SA) in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), lipase in mesoporous silica (SBA-15), and inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC-I). The NLC formulation with salicylic acid was characterized for SA content, release, and particle size. The lipase associated with SBA-15 (LIP-SIL) was analyzed for enzymatic activity and preservation over 30 days. LAC-I was obtained by culturing LAC and inactivating it through ultrasonication. In conclusion, it can be said that the strategies proposed in this study were viable for controlling the development of C acnes in an in vitro controlled medium, therefore those strategies must be investigated as alternatives for acne control on human skin.

Advantages of the Use of Postbiotics in Poultry Production: A New Concept

Advantages of the Use of Postbiotics in Poultry Production: A New Concept

Postbiotics: an innovative approach to increase shelf life and quality of foods

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of postbiotics and the use of postbiotics to increase the shelf life and quality of food.Design/methodology/approachIn this review paper, all articles from five electronic databases containing Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were considered and selected according to the purpose of the study.FindingsIn addition to improving food safety and increasing its shelf life, natural food preservation using biological preservatives also has a positive effect on improving consumer health. As a result, protection using natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents seems essential. Postbiotics, having favorable characteristics such as nontoxicity, long shelf life and ease of standardization and transportation, are known as suitable antioxidant and antimicrobial, and there is an interest in making antioxidant and antimicrobial active films containing postbiotics to delay spoilage, increase the shelf life of perishable foods without changing their sensory characteristics.Originality/valuePostbiotic refers to all soluble factors that are either secreted from living probiotic cells or released after cell lysis. These compounds include enzymes, peptides, polysaccharides, organic acids, teichoic acids and cell surface proteins, and their effects have been proven to improve some human and animal diseases. Probiotic bacteria must survive unfavorable conditions such as processing, storage, distribution, preparation and the digestive system to exert their health-giving effects, whereas their metabolites (postbiotics) have overcome these adverse conditions well and may be a good substitute for probiotics.

Dietary cultured supernatant mixture of Cetobacterium somerae and Lactococcus lactis improved liver and gut health, and gut microbiota homeostasis of zebrafish fed with high-fat diet

Postbiotics have the ability to improve host metabolic disorders and immunity. In order to explore whether the postbiotics SWFC (cultured supernatant mixture of Cetobacterium somerae and Lactococcus lactis) repaired the adverse effects caused by feeding of high-fat diet (HFD), zebrafish were selected as the experimental animal and fed for 6 weeks, with dietary HFD as the control group, and HFD containing 0.3 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg SWFC as the treatment groups. The results indicated that addition of SWFC in the diet at a level of 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg didn't affect the growth performance of zebrafish (P > 0.05). Supplementation of dietary SWFC0.3 relieved lipid metabolism disorders through significant increasing in the expression of pparα and cpt1, and decreasing the expression of cebpα, pparγ, acc1 and dgat-2 genes (P < 0.05). Moreover, the content of triacylglycerol was markedly lower in the liver of zebrafish grouped under SWFC0.3 (P < 0.05). Dietary SWFC0.3 also improved the antioxidant capacity via increasing the expression level of ho-1, sod and gstr genes, and significant inducing malondialdehyde content in the liver of zebrafish (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary SWFC0.3 also notably improved the expression level of lysozyme, c3a, defbl1 and defbl2 (P < 0.05). The expression level of pro-inflammatory factors (nf-κb, tnf-α, and il-1β) were significantly decreased and the expression level of anti-inflammatory factor (il-10) was markedly increased in the postbiotics 0.3 g/kg group (P < 0.05). Feeding with SWFC0.3 supplemented diet for 6 weeks improved the homeostasis of gut microbiota and increased the survival rate of zebrafish after challenged with Aeromonus veronii Hm091 (P < 0.01). It was worth noting that the positive effect of dietary SWFC at a level of 0.3 g/kg was considerably better than that of 0.4 g/kg. This may imply that the effectiveness and use of postbiotics is limited by dosage.

Application of Autochthonous Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus hirae Kr8 Strain in Relation with Enterocin M in Broiler Rabbits and Their Effect on the Rabbit Meat Quality: Risk or Protection?

Around weaning, rabbits are sensitive to gastrointestinal diseases, mostly of bacterial origin, including enterococci (Enterococcus hirae), clostridia, and coliforms. Preventive use of postbiotics—enterocins—as feed additives can reduce this problem. Therefore, simulation of spoilage/pathogenic environment applying the autochthonous, biofilm-forming E. hirae Kr8+ strain in rabbits and its influence on rabbit meat quality as well as the protective effect of Ent M on rabbit meat properties and quality in infected animals was tested. Ninety-six rabbits aged 35 days, both sexes, meat line M91 breed were divided into one control (CG) and three experimental (EG1, EG2, and EG3) groups. The rabbits in CG received standard diet, without any additives, rabbits in EG1 received 108 CFU/mL of Kr8+ strain (at a dose of 500 μL/animal/day), to rabbits in EG2 the Ent M (50 μL/animal/day), and in EG3, combination of the Kr8+ and Ent M was applied in their drinking water during 21 days. The experiment lasted 42 days. The Kr8+ strain did not attack the gastrointestinal tract and have any adverse effect on the meat quality of rabbits. Moreover, improved weight gains, carcass parameters, and higher essential fatty acid (EAA) and amino acid (EAA) content of rabbit meat point rather to its possible beneficial potential in rabbit nutrition. Administration of Ent M improved most of the tested parameters: animal weight and meat physicochemical and nutritional properties, with a focus on EFA and EAA. During combination of both additives, their synergistic impact was noted, improving the nutritional quality, mostly the EAA content of rabbit meat.

Reprogramming Effects of Postbiotic Butyrate and Propionate on Maternal High-Fructose Diet-Induced Offspring Hypertension.

Maternal nutrition has a key role in the developmental programming of adult disease. Excessive maternal fructose intake contributes to offspring hypertension. Newly discovered evidence supports the idea that early-life gut microbiota are connected to hypertension later in life. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate, and propionate are microbiota-derived metabolites, also known as postbiotics. The present study aimed to determine whether maternal butyrate or propionate supplementation can protect offspring from hypertension using a maternal high-fructose (HF) diet rat model. Female Sprague Dawley rats were allocated during pregnancy and lactation to (1) regular chow (ND); (2) 60% high-fructose diet (HF); (3) HF diet plus butyrate (HFB, 400 mg/kg/day); and (4) HF diet plus propionate (HFP, 200 mmol/L). Male offspring were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. The maternal HF diet impaired the offspring's BP, which was prevented by perinatal butyrate or propionate supplementation. Both butyrate and propionate treatments similarly increased plasma concentrations of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and valeric acid in adult offspring. Butyrate supplementation had a more profound impact on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and nitric oxide parameters. Whilst propionate treatment mainly influenced gut microbiota composition, it directly altered the abundance of genera Anaerovorax, Lactobacillus, Macellibacteroides, and Rothia. Our results shed new light on targeting gut microbiota through the use of postbiotics to prevent maternal HF intake-primed hypertension, a finding worthy of clinical translation.

Current postbiotics in the cosmetic market-an update and development opportunities.

Postbiotics are a new class of health-promoting molecules that derive from probiotics. These new cosmetic and dermatological ingredients are defined as a 'preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host'. This review focuses on what is presently known of these compounds, the benefits of using them, the main postbiotics products available in the market and players, the production key trends and available production methods. The main advantages identified for the use of postbiotics are related to their higher specificity of action on resident microbiota as of interaction with cells of the host compared to probiotics. Postbiotics can be produced/obtained especially through fermentative processes, but most of companies industrial processes are patented. Most of these compounds are usually derived from lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus genera and/or yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Postbiotics go from metabolites like teichoic acids to polysaccharides among others and exhibit important biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory-the reason why their use in cosmetic formulations must be considered. Besides that, when compared to probiotics, postbiotics have longer shelf life and greater safety and do not require viability in the topical formulation which turns them into an innovative approach within the cosmetic ingredients market. The main players are companies that operate in several areas, such as the chemical industry, food innovation, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and the critical trends for production of these compounds include energy efficiency, emission-free mobility, conservation of finite resources and renewable raw material utilization. KEY POINTS: • Postbiotics are mainly derived from lactic acid bacteria and S. cerevisiae. • Postbiotics exhibit several biological properties. • Postbiotics present several advantages over probiotics.

Molecular properties of postbiotics and their role in controlling aquaculture diseases

Aquaculture accounts for 8% of animal protein intake in the human diet globally, and per capita consumption is expanding faster than meat and dairy consumption. Antibiotic usage has been recorded in the rapidly developing aquaculture business, which may contribute to the growth of antimicrobial resistance, with possible ramifications for animal, human and ecosystem health. Among the several proposed alternatives, one of the investigated tactics was postbiotics. Although several studies on other alternative tactics have been published, the use of postbiotics in aquaculture is scarce. Recognizing aquaculture's rapid rise as a global source of animal nutrition, postbiotics could be a need to improve antimicrobial stewardship in a fast-growing industry with broad ties to aquaculture and ecosystem health. This review focuses on various postbiotics as microbially produced postbiotics metabolites and their use as an infectious disease management agent in aquaculture.

POSTBIOTICS AS FACTORS AGAINST DISEASES ALONG METABOLIC AXES

The review represents an analysis of recent year publications in connection with preventive and therapeutic use of postbiotics (PB). Postbiotics are widely used as immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents, protectors and the normalizers of metabolism of the open cavity mucosal biotopes, liver, brain and other organs, tissues and innate immunity cell populations that co-function to intestinal microbial metabolites as a network (cofunction within a number of metabolic axes “intestine-other locations”). They act in combination with other effectors as auxiliary agents prolonging the effect of drugs and supporting them. Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of PB are directed against groups of intestinal infection diseases, hepatitis, tumors, neurodegenerative brain disorders, other metabolic disorders and pathologies. New aspects of research of PB include the study and application of recognizing and binding therapeutic PB according to and in connection with a network of “Probiotic lectins—Glycoconjugates” interactions. The data indicate the prospects of a search and application of the new groups and combinations of PB directed at glycoconjugate exposed targets in accompanying and supportive therapy. Probiotic bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, baker’s yeast and probiotic lectins are perspective resources of synergistic sets of metabolite-cellular PB against diseases, pathologies and groups of infections.

Application of Postbiotics Produced By Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Development of Active Food Packaging

The use of postbiotics in the food industry is a common way to prevent food spoilage. Postbiotics are metabolites produced by probiotic bacteria that have many health effects. Non-toxicity and safety of postbiotics and their ability to inhibit microorganisms that cause food spoilage are the most important features of postbiotics in the use of these compounds in the food industry. In studies on postbiotics in the food industry, the use of these compounds as a way to control microbial spoilage of substances may interfere with the function (factors in the food matrix) in the function of postbiotics. Therefore, the use of postbiotics in the form of food packaging can be more effective. Therefore, due to their unique properties, postbiotics have received much attention in the food industry and can be used as a new approach in food packaging.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus postbiotic-induced immunomodulation as safer alternative to the use of live bacteria

Many attempts have been made to search for safer immunomodulatory agents that enhance the immune response and reduce the number and severity of infections in at-risk populations. The use of postbiotics, non-viable microbial cells or cell fractions that confer a health benefit to the consumer, represents a safe and attractive way to modulate and enhance the immune function in order to improve human health. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the immunoregulatory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 postbiotics in a complex culture system using human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. First, we demonstrated that L. rhamnosus CRL1505 differentially modulate human IECs and DCs after the challenge with the TLR4 agonist LPS. The CRL1505 strain down-regulated CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression in DCs, and increased their production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. Interestingly, the non-viable strain was able to modulate the immune response of both types of human cells. Then, we showed that cell wall (CW1505) and peptidoglycan (PG1505) from L. rhamnosus CRL1505 modulated TLR4-triggered immune response in IECs and DCs. Of interest, CW1505 showed a strong stimulatory effect while the PG1505 presented immune characteristics that were more similar to viable and non-viable CRL1505. To date, several molecules of immunobiotics were identified, that can be connected to specific host-responses. We hereby demonstrated that peptidoglycan of L. rhamnosus CRL1505 is a key molecule for the immunobiotic properties of this strain in human IECs and DCs. Likewise, the result of these studies could provide predictive tools for the in vivo efficacy of postbiotics and the scientific basis for their future applications in immunocompromised patients.

Use of Postbiotics as an Immunomodulatory of the Immune Response against Brucellosis in Nellore Calves Immunized with S 19 Vaccine

Background: Brucellosis is an important public health disease and a great problem in the cattle production.&#x0D; Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory efficiency of a commercial postbiotic in Nellore calves immunized with the Brucella abortus S19 vaccine.&#x0D; Methods: We used 40 calves negative for Brucella spp. organizated into four treatments during 15 days: InRum (Ingulbal Ruminant®); InPro (Ingulbal Protein®); RumPro (Ingulbal Ruminant® and Ingulbal Protein®); and Cont: control. Collections of whole blood and serum samples were performed at the beginning of the administration of postbiotic and at 15, 45, 75 and 105 days after start the experiment. At 15 days, all animals received the mandatory vaccine S19. In order to assess immunological parameters, the means of total white cells counts, total lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, and total IgG antibodies were determined.&#x0D; Results: It found a significative increase (P&lt;0.05) of white cells counts and serum IgG levels in the three treatment groups throughout the experiment. Additionally, we observe a tendency not significative in a greater number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils counts in the treat calves.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our results suggest that the supplementation with postbiotic is a promising alternative to modulate both the cellular and humoral immune response of S19 vaccine against bovine brucellosis.

Fabrication of anti-Listeria film based on bacterial cellulose and Lactobacillus sakei-derived bioactive metabolites; application in meat packaging

More recently, probiotics-derived bioactive metabolites (so-called postbiotics; P) have gained more attention for antimicrobial food packaging. In this study, anti-Listeria active packaging films containing bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and postbiotics of Lactobacillus sakei were fabricated, and their antibacterial performance was examined in in vitro condition and patty of buffalo meat. To facilitate postbiotics incorporation, ultrasound-assisted coating (UC, 40-kHz) and common coating (CC) were applied. The concentration of postbiotics and coating time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design, and the antimicrobial activity of films was assessed by the disk diffusion method. The FTIR, mechanical, and surface morphologies of BNC-CC-P and BNC-UC-P films in optimized conditions (17 and 30% of postbiotics and 10 min coating time) were investigated. Based on the FTIR and SEM data, UC facilitated postbiotics incorporation into BNC, while tensile strength and elongation at break of BNC-CC-P and BNC-UC-P films were decreased and increased, respectively. Even though Listeria counts in patties with BNC film followed a similar trend with control samples without film and passed 107 CFU/g, samples wrapped with BNC-CC-P and BNC-UC-P films represented a 2.3 and 2.6 log CFU/g reduction in the bacterial count during storage (9 days at 8 °C), respectively. The findings of this work have provided worthwhile insights into the use of postbiotics in antimicrobial meat packaging for the control of foodborne pathogens. Ultrasound-assisted coating facilitated the rapid release of postbiotics from BNC into the meat matrix, signifying the importance of such a film for the packaging of foods having a short shelf life.

Нова концепція функціонального харчування дітей раннього віку

Pediatric aspects of the problem of preservation of each person, above all, are to provide the baby with complete food in terms of the content of essential nutrients necessary for harmonious development, and it must be — functional. New concepts of adequate feeding of young children provide a balanced composition, biological value, multiple preventive effects of food. These requirements are сompletely presented in breastfeeding, which, despite the balanced content of essential nutrients, contains a mixture of biotics (pre-, pro-, synbiotics), among which a special place is — postbiotics. The most studied biotics are pre-, pro-, synbiotics, while postbiotics have not received adequate coverage in the scientific literature for a long time. Postbiotics — a relatively new term, which means biologically active components that are formed during fermentation, including microbial cells, metabolic products. Functional nutrition with the use of postbiotics has certain advantages in terms of safety, biological properties, pharmaceutical effects, compared with the use of live probiotics. At the same time it is possible to avoid risk of translocation of bacteria from intestine to blood, to provide a proper metabolism, stability. At the same time, the use of postbiotics enhances the effect of their own individual microflora, as opposed to the introduction of foreign probiotics into the intestinal lumen, which should be considered as a safe alternative to living probiotic microbes; which motivates the use of functional nutrition in children who do not receive breast milk. In modern conditions, it is already possible to use a mixture of Nutrilon Premium+, characterized by the content of prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS), postbiotic (including 3'GL), enriched with a complex of vitamins, minerals, increased content of omega-3 and omega-6, which provides harmonious development and has a preventive effect in children who are deprived of the opportunity to receive breast milk. Conclusions. The use of postbiotics in food (milk formulas) for children of the first years of life provides harmonious physical and psycho+emotional development, has a preventive effect (on functional disorders of the digestive system, infectious and allergic diseases), has a high level of safety and clinical efficacy. The combination of prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS) and postbiotic — 3-galactosyllactose (3'GL) in new milk formulas has good tolerance, provides multiple prophylactic effects, which determines its functionality and advantages over other dairy formulas. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: children, functional nutrition, postbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, fermented formulas.

Postbiotics-A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics.

As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to the development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to alter the gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Postbiotics include any substance released by or produced through the metabolic activity of the microorganism, which exerts a beneficial effect on the host, directly or indirectly. As postbiotics do not contain live microorganisms, the risks associated with their intake are minimized. Here, we provided a critical review of postbiotics described in the literature, including their mechanisms of action, clinical characteristics, and potential therapeutic applications. We detailed the pleiotropic effects of postbiotics, including their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Although the use of postbiotics is an attractive strategy for altering the microbiome, further study into its efficacy and safety is warranted.

Postbiotics and paraprobiotics: A review of current evidence and emerging trends.

In recent years, new probiotic-related concepts such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have been coined to indicate that non-viable microorganisms or bacterial-free extracts may provide benefits to the host by offering additional bioactivities to probiotics, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities. Despite in vitro and in vivo studies that support the promising use of postbiotics and paraprobiotics as health promoters, the mechanism of action and the signaling pathway involved have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of novel probiotic-related concepts and the scientific evidence that supports their bioactivities as well as the possible mechanisms underlying their health-promoting effects. Additionally, current trends in food, feed, and pharmaceutical applications are discussed.

Postbiotics and Their Potential Applications in Early Life Nutrition and Beyond.

Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds, generated in a matrix during fermentation, which may be used to promote health. The term postbiotics can be regarded as an umbrella term for all synonyms and related terms of these microbial fermentation components. Therefore, postbiotics can include many different constituents including metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial cell fractions, functional proteins, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), cell lysates, teichoic acid, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides and pili-type structures. Postbiotics is also a rather new term in the ‘-biotics’ field. Where consensus exists for the definitions of pre- and probiotics, this is not yet the case for postbiotics. Here we propose a working definition and review currently known postbiotic compounds, their proposed mechanisms, clinical evidence and potential applications. Research to date indicates that postbiotics can have direct immunomodulatory and clinically relevant effects and evidence can be found for the use of postbiotics in healthy individuals to improve overall health and to relief symptoms in a range of diseases such as infant colic and in adults atopic dermatitis and different causes of diarrhea.

Postbiotika a jejich využití v pediatrii

Optimalni vývoj gastrointestinalniho traktu a imunitniho systemu je spojen, mimo jine, se spravným vývojem a složenim střevni mikrobioty. Vedle prebiotik, probiotik a synbiotik se mohou na modulaci složeni mikrobioty, a dale na vývoji gastrointestinalniho traktu a imunitniho systemu podilet, tzv. postbiotika. Jedna se o metabolicke slouceniny produkovane probiotickými mikroby ovlivňujici různe biologicke funkce hostitele jak na lokalni, tak i systemove urovni. V posledni době se můžeme v klinicke praxi setkat s fermentovanými kojeneckými formulemi obsahujicimi postbiotika. Předkladane sděleni podava přehled o možných benefitech fermentovaných kojeneckých formuli s postbiotiky a shrnuje soucasnou klinickou evidenci v teto problematice.