Use Of Plastic Bottles Research Articles

Commitment in Collaborative Policy Innovation: Socio-Economic Development of Coastal Area Coastal Border Area in Nunukan District North Kalimantan Province

Commitment is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual knows and is attached to his organization. This research aims to analyze the commitment of each stakeholder in an effort to reduce the use of plastic bottle waste in coastal areas which is used as a float for seaweed. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results of the research explain that the Nunukan district government is always trying to provide outreach to the community regarding the use of plastic bottle waste which has an impact on the environment. In this case on Affective Commitment It was explained that the Nunukan district government always innovates and supports the community and the private sector in developing innovations related to environmentally friendly or HDPE buoys. The government is currently committed to distributing 400,000 buoys to seaweed farmers by 2024, this will of course also have an impact on the situation. social and economic aspects of coastal communities. Furthermore Continuances Commitment It was explained that not only related to reducing the rate of plastic waste, the government and other stakeholders such as the Nunukan district CSR forum also always make efforts to provide assistance to the community through assistance with drilling wells and assistance related to the use of plastic bottles to be used as environmentally friendly floats. Then Normative Commitment shows that the government is working together with stakeholders in developing environmentally friendly buoy innovations to reduce the rate of use of used plastic bottles.

Herbal Plant Education and Hydroponic Training of Vertical and Wick System in Limited Space

The program "Empowering the Community of Simo Angin-Angin Village, Sidoarjo through the Use of Natural Materials to Achieve Health Independence" was implemented at the Simo Angin-Angin Village Hall, Krian District, Sidoarjo Regency in May-June 2023. This Community Empowerment Program (Community Service) carries a preventive and consists of a series of activities, including counseling about the use of natural materials based on the recommendations of the Koran, considering that the majority of Simo Angin-Angin village residents are Muslim. This activity also includes training in farming using the hydroponic method. The aim of this program is to strengthen health independence in Simo Angin-Angin Village in order to improve collective welfare. The Community Service program in Simo Angin-Angin Village was attended by 22 participants, consisting of health cadres and the general public. The implementation is divided into 2 stages, namely counseling regarding the Black Cumin herbal plant and training regarding vertical hydroponic procedures, as well as the use of plastic bottles with the Wick system. The evaluation results showed that participants' understanding was very good, with 95% of them achieving a score of 100, while 5% obtained a score of 80. The evaluation results of participant satisfaction with the implementation of the extension showed very good scores for the topic material and delivery of the material by resource persons on herbal plant education and hydroponic training. This Community Service activity provides skills for the community to grow crops on narrow land using a hydroponic system

Improve Soil Strength by Use of Plastic Bottles

Any procedure that enhances the physical characteristics of soil, such as raising its shear strength or bearing capacity, is referred to as soil stabilization. This can be accomplished through the use of controlled compaction or by adding the right admixtures, such as cement, lime, and waste products like fly ash and phosphogypsum. Since good quality soil for embankments and pavements is difficult to come by, using plastic bottles as a soil stabilizer is an inexpensive use of waste materials. This project entails a thorough investigation into the potential use of used plastic bottles for stabilizing soil. In order to conduct the analysis, a CBR test was performed on soil that had been reinforced with layers of plastic bottles at varying percentages (0.5%, 0.7%, and 0.9% for distinct soils). The CBR test is carried out on red, loamy soil and black cotton soil. It is discovered that the strength of the soil is increased, resulting in a bearing ratio of 3.3 for black cotton soil and 0.7% for red soil after the addition of plastic stripes. Additionally, loamy soil's strength is boosted by adding 0.7% of plastic strips, resulting in a bearing ratio of 2.9.

Automated Water Level Monitoring System using Arduino and GSM Module

This paper aims to represent an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Water Level Monitoring (SWLM) system to provide continuous measurement of water levels in the Nilgiris district water ATMs. Multiple IoT devices (microcontrollers and sensors) are connected with each other to detect the water levels. The extracted data from the sensors are transmitted to a mobile application developed using flutter and the data is stored in a cloud platform called ThingSpeak. According to the obtained results, the proposed SWLM system will be able to analyse the water levels and display the ATMs category wise according to the water level percentage in the application built with flutter framework. This paper clearly explains how the hardware components are connected with each other and sends real time data to the cloud application (ThingSpeak). The paper also explains the methodology of flow of data from the cloud application and retrieval by using the flutter application. Furthermore, this paper also describes a working prototype that, when expanded, will ensure real time and quick redressal of tourist needs for clean drinking water while avoiding the use of plastic bottles in such an exquisitely beautiful and sensitive biosphere reserve like, the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India. An application has also been developed for the same.

Design for an Intelligent Waste Classifying System: A Case Study of Plastic Bottles

The use of plastic bottles has become a significant environmental concern, and recycling them has become a priority. Small and medium-sized recycling companies must collect and categorize large volumes of plastic bottles and sell them to larger recycling firms, a process that is time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. This manual sorting process can pose health risks, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and can affect worker productivity. To address these issues, this study proposes the development of an automated conveyor belt system that can rapidly and accurately separate plastic bottles by type. The system utilizes an opaque and transparent plastic bottle separation platform, which saves time, cost, and manpower. This system design provides recycling SMEs with a competitive advantage by serving as a practical application model and a prototype with an easy-to-use concept. Key tools employed in this research include product design development (PDD), Kansei engineering, manufacturing process design, controlling system, and fault tree analysis (FTA). The light sensors are critical components in the separation process, detecting the opacity or transparency of the bottles’ surfaces. The proposed prototype’s reliability will be assessed by FTA, which considers all potential failures. This study contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding the integration of conveyor systems and provides valuable information for businesses seeking to optimize their sorting processes. The guidelines developed in this study can serve as a starting point for further research on the integration of conveyors in waste sorting plants.

Cultivation of Water Spinach Using A Hydroponic Systems at Different AB Mix Concentrations

Water spinach is one of the most popular vegetable commodities in Indonesia. Currently, limited land due to plastic waste and uncertain climate change are inhibiting factors for plant cultivators. Efforts that can be done is to carry out cultivation activities to water spinach hydroponically. Hydroponic cultivation can use the wick system because it is easy to apply and does not require expensive costs. To support optimal growth of water spinach and reduce plastic waste in Indonesia, presenting AB Mix nutrition and the use of plastic bottles as a nutrient container in hydroponic cultivation are efforts to obtain quality water spinach production. This study aims to determine the response of water spinach plants to the use of hydroponic growing systems, as well as to obtain information regarding the best concentration of AB Mix. The experimental method used was a completely randomized design, which consisted of 3 levels, namely the nutrient concentration of 800 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1200 ppm. The results of the various concentrations of mixed AB showed significantly different effects on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and weight of fresh plants. AB Mix concentration treatment of 1200 ppm was the best treatment for all observed parameters.

Pengolahan Barang Bekas menjadi Produk Fungsional Bernilai Estetik

The dominance of the use of plastic bottles, glass bottles, and cans in various types of products has been increasingly consumed by the public. This has an impact on environmental pollution because inorganic waste that accumulates will take a long time to decompose naturally. Everyone should understand 3R from the beginning, namely reduse (reducing the use of materials that damage the environment), reuse (reuse), and recycle (recycling goods) according to Law No.18 of 2008 and PP No.81 of 2002 concerning waste management . Genuk 01 Elementary School students do not understand how to recycle recycled inorganic waste) into functional items that are esthetically valued at 71% while the amount of inorganic waste (plastic bottles, glass bottles, and cans produced by students in schools is 53%. The method used is the method of participation active through stages: 1) program socialization and material submission; 2) training; 3) utilization of results; and 4) monitoring and evaluation. The results of the implementation of the Genuk 01 Elementary School Education Program in Ungaran Barat District, Semarang Regency were able to increase the understanding of 3R by 21% (initially 71% to 91%); recycling ability increased by 35% (initially 59% to 94%); and the ability to produce functional products with aesthetic value increased 38% (initially 62% to 100%). A positive response from Grade IV students at SDN Genuk 01 in carrying out greening in front of the class by utilizing plant pots from used plastiik bottles which were the products of PkM.

Do Social Media Posts Influence Consumption Behavior towards Plastic Pollution?

The continuous generation of plastic wastes is one of the most serious environmental problems that we are facing. Information campaigns have been used to encourage people to reduce plastic consumption. Moreover, social media has become the most prevalent and influential form of communication in this current era. This study seeks to analyze the influence of social media on consumer behavior towards plastic products. The survey includes 213 individual observations wherein four information posts that represent the overall facets of plastic usage problem were presented. These scenarios include (1) a general information post on sachet use, (2) an information post discouraging use of plastic bottles in celebration of zero waste month, (3) an information post on the adverse health effects of plastic food storage and (4) an information post on the harmful effects of plastic use to marine life and its indirect effect to human health. Results show that, prior to any information, most participants consume products in plastic packaging except for the usage of single-use plastic containers for storing food. For the first three scenarios, it has been found that social media intensifies the probability of avoiding plastic consumption when the likelihood on the involvement of self-interest on the topic, as well as the ability to read the link attached to the post, increases. However, for the scenario that shows harmful effects of plastic use to marine life, the probability of avoiding the use of plastic packaged products after seeing the post is only affected by the likelihood that the respondent will recommend the link to friends or network. This study establishes that social media can effectively influence consumer behavior towards plastic consumption if the information presented are from confirmed studies that can easily translate to results based on their own action and has a direct impact on their health. The contrasting findings based on the different scenarios can be used as palettes in constructing modulated social media posts that can effectively influence consumer behavior towards reducing plastic pollution.

An Experimental Study of Plastic Waste as Fine Aggregate Substitute for Environmentally Friendly Concrete

Decomposing plastics, including plastic bottles, is a very difficult process because it takes 50-100 years. Every year, the use of plastic bottles is increasing, but only few people are willing to treat plastic bottle waste. In this study, plastic bottle waste is used as a substitute of fine aggregate and shaped in such a way to have a sand-like gradation. The variations of graded plastic bottle waste are 0%, 5%, 10%, and 12%. The test objects for each variation consist of three specimens. Data are analyzed by using regression and classical assumption test with SPSS program. The results of the data analysis show that there is a simultaneous effect on the compressive strength with variations in plastic waste substitution. The compressive strength decreases with the increase in the percentage of plastic added. Maximum compressive strength is at the variations of 0% and 5% with19.192 MPa and 16.414 MPa, respectively.

Birzeit University Students' Perception of Bottled Water Available in the West Bank Market.

Water bottling industry has negative environmental impacts due to exploitation and possible pollution of water resources and due to solid waste problems related to the use of plastic bottles. To mitigate these impacts, it is important to study the link between consuming bottled drinking water and the perception of its quality. The objective of the study is to assess the perception of Birzeit University students' of the bottled water marketed in the West Bank and its impact on the humans and the environment. Universities play an important role in providing awareness about environmental issues and sustainability, and university students are thought to be more environmentally conscious about these issues. A quantitative survey was used to analyze the behaviors and perceptions of Birzeit University students. The sample size was 375 students, distributed according to the college, gender, and the academic year at the university. The results show that the factors that affect the perception of the students are mainly the educational year at the university, the income, the family size, and the community type.

Comparative Evaluation on the MOE between EN, BS and ASTM of Concrete Containing PET

The wide use of plastic bottles has led to a drastic increase in the disposal of plastic bottles. Reusing waste plastic bottles in concrete may be beneficial to the environment and help ensure economic viability at the same time. Previous researchers had investigated the application of waste materials in the construction field by using polyethylene terephthalate as one of the solutions to address this environment threat. In this research, the aim of the study is to investigate the modulus of elasticity of concrete material incorporated with polyethylene terephthalate. To achieve the objective of the study, the modulus of elasticity test was conducted to determine the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE). A comparison of MOE between Eurocodes (EC), British Standard (BS) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards was conducted. At the end of this study, the value of modulus of elasticity resulting from the plastic bottle concrete material was expected to be classified as the same category as common concrete. Besides, the plastic bottle concrete material was also expected to possess similar properties as other conventional materials. Optimistically, the results of this research resulting from the MOE concrete plastic bottles that are not classified as a similar category as conventional concrete recorded a difference of 4.26% to 59.29%. It can be concluded that shred plastic bottles have a lower feasibility and do not have the potential to be used in concrete mixes.

Fabrication and Testing of Plastic Sand Bricks

In this study, the use of plastic bottles and plastic waste in the making of plastic sand bricks is examined. Plastic apart from being one of the highly generated waste is also one of the most easily recyclable materials. Using this property of recyclability, plastic waste in the form of PET bottles will be used to create masonry units that may be able to replace conventional bricks which are made up of clay and sand only. Sand will be mixed with plastic in different ratios and tests such as compressive strength test, water absorption test, efflorescence test and fire resistance test will be done. Results from this study are expected to help determine the appropriate mixing ratios of sand and plastic in order to obtain optimum strength and other properties.

Behaviour of sand-filled plastic bottled clay panels for sustainable homes

Adequate shelter is a basic necessity for human existence and mankind has continuously improved the quality of shelter. It is estimated that about 1.6 billion people still lack adequate housing. There is a cogent need for developing new methods of delivering housing that can be accessible to low-income communities who have little or no access to finances. Plastic bottles have been suggested as a candidate material for constructing low-cost, environmentally friendly homes in developing countries. Although some research on the use of plastic bottles for housing was found, the existing literature shows considerable discrepancies in the strength of plastic bottles and bottled cubes. Furthermore, the literature is limited to cement cubes and no research has been carried out using locally sustainable materials such as soils. As part of the ‘Bottle House’ project for developing low-cost sustainable homes in Nigeria, this paper seeks to fill this gap by reporting the results of two series of experimental work carried out at the University of Plymouth. A total of eight-four 500 ml PET bottles and twelve wall and floor panels with and without sand-filled plastic bottles were prepared and tested to investigate their strength and failure behaviour. The test results have shown that in-filled sands made a significant contribution to the strength of the bottles and the bottles tested vertically resisted better than those tested horizontally. They have also shown that the panels with sand-filled bottles have about a quarter of the strength of the daub only panels due to a lack of cohesion between bottles and daub, but they are found to be more ductile than the latter.

Application of Bottles as a Sustainable Material in Building Construction

The cost of construction in building the world house is important factor in field of construction. It depends upon the individual requirements and if people are below poverty line then it is difficult for them. Also the increase in urbanization has developed the non-renewable products like plastic bottle. This products can be used in construction. So that the Eco-friendly construction can be done forming the suitable thermal resistance to structure. Plastic bottles are generally used to store different material for consumption and for many other uses. When bottles are incinerated the huge amount of toxic fume are produced which are harmful to nature. Recycling is only survival option because only PET bottles can be recycled all other bottles are discarded and only 1 out of 5 bottles are sent to the recycle bin. So this tends to need for constructive use of waste plastic bottles in environment friendly way. This paper consist of use of plastic bottle as sustainable material i.e. as a substance similar to brick in nature, which is filled with compacted sand, fly ash and combination of both, different testing on them comparative to bricks and economic advantages over the traditional brick so that idea of safe and Ecofriendly construction can be incorporated and a wise step towards environment saving can be take place.

Rapid classification of plastic bottles by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with partial least squares discrimination analysis based on spectral windows (SW-PLS-DA)

With the increasingly extensive use of plastic bottles, the recycling and reuse of plastics continue to raise additional concerns.

Influence of Reduced Water Cement Ratio on Behaviour of Concrete Having Plastic Aggregate

The production and use of plastic bottles is increasing tremendously with passing time. These plastic bottles become a problem when they are disposed as they are non-biodegradable. This means that the waste plastic, when dumped, does not decompose naturally and stays in the environment affecting the ecological system. The use of alternative aggregates like Plastic Coarse Aggregate (PCA) is a natural step in solving part of reduction of natural aggregates as well as to solve the issue discussed above. The researchers are trying from half a century to investigate the alternative materials to be replaced in concrete mixture in place of either aggregate or cement. In this research, the concrete made from plastic waste as coarse aggregates were investigated for compressive strength and Stress-strain relationship. Plastic coarse aggregate have been replaced in place of natural coarse aggregate by different percentages with w/c 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3. The percentage replacement of plastic aggregate in place of mineral coarse aggregate was 25%, 30%, 35% and 40 %. Using Super-plasticizer Chemrite 520-BAS. OPC-53 grade cement was used. Total of forty five Cylinders were prepared based on different combination of Percentage of Plastic aggregate replaced and W/C as discussed above and checked for compressive strength and stress-strain relationship. The compressive strength increases by about 19.25% due to the decrease in W/C from 0.5 to 0.3 for plastic percentage addition of 40%.

PENDAMPINGAN KELOMPOK USAHA PENCACAHAN LIMBAH PLASTIK DI KABUPATEN MALANG

Plastic bottles have become part of the daily activities, especially in activities relating to packaging of mineral water. The use of plastic bottles for packaging of mineral water is an alternative that is practical and concise, but on the other hand is also harmful to the environment because it adds to discharge garbage plastic bottles. Plastic bottles is not derived from biological compounds, plastic bottles have difficult nature degraded (non - biodegradable) that can contaminate soil, water, sea, and even air. Specific target science and technology community service programs for the community (IBM) are (1) understanding of the technological waste processing machine plastic bottles into plastic pellets, (2) the public's understanding of the plastic bottle waste management, (3) labor absorption and production of plastic pellets more leverage. The program will increase the sale value of plastic garbage that has become plastic pellets, so as to improve the economic welfare of society. Activities in this program include: (1) design and design thrasher plastic pellets, (2) sending power to the transfer of knowledge (apprentice), (3) socialization to the community group enumerator plastic pellets, (4) submission thrasher plastic pellets, (5) trial thrasher plastic pellets, (6) the application of machines in the field and practice of making plastic pellets, (7) management training.

Performance of Hot Asphalt Mixtures Containing Plastic Bottles as Additive

This study focuses on evaluating the resistance of polymer modified asphalt mixes and the role played by asphalt in the realm of construction is undeniably important. Addition of polymers(PB) as additives to asphalt helps to improve the strength and water repellent property of the mix and as well as helps environment in various ways and at the same time, analyzing its lower maintenance activities and service life is most important. The use of inexpensive polymers, in this case, waste polymers has without any doubt proven to be the most convenient way of reducing the cost of construction and at the same time maintaining quality. The main resolve for this research was to establish the effects of the use of plastic bottles on hot asphalt and its mixtures. In order to put this into perspective, varying percentages of asphalt mixtures were calculated and subjected to laboratory tests. The two-factor variance analysis (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the significance at various confidence limits. The results indicate that the inclusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) had a particularly substantial effect on the properties of asphalt. Consequently, it can encourage the re-utilization of waste in the manufacturing industry in an ecologically friendly and cost-effective way.

Exploring the Gas Chemistry of Old Submarine Technologies Using Plastic Bottles as Reaction Vessels and Models

We describe an activity that is suitable for high school students and makes use of plastic bottles. This activity allows students to familiarize themselves with gas chemistry by introducing technologies that were applied in old submarine systems. Plastic bottles, which are representative of submarines, are used as reaction vessels. Three simple experiments regarding gas chemistry are carried out in the plastic bottles: (1) a carbon dioxide absorption reaction using soda lime, which mimics an air-cleaning canister; (2) a chlorine and hydrogen evolution reaction by the electrolysis of brine, which highlights the accidental generation of gases by lead batteries on board submarines; and (3) a catalytic hydrogen peroxide decomposition that exists in submarine propulsion system. To introduce an antisonar countermeasure system outside the submarine, a fourth experiment on hydrogen generation by the reaction of calcium hydride and water is also conducted.

Environmental and economic aspects of water kiosks: Case study of a medium-sized Italian town

The consumption of bottled water in Italy began in the 1970s. Since then, this usage has grown considerably, also as a result of changes in habits. The environmental impact as a result of the water production chain is very significant; it would be considered, for example, the use of plastic bottles, the consumption of oil in the production of the bottles, the emission of air from the vehicles that transport the bottles, non-recycled plastic packaging, etc.In this study, considering the comparison between two situations, use of bottled water and use of water kiosk (WK), an environmental and economic impact evaluation has been done. The study considered the production of a WK in a town with 9000 inhabitants, which supplies controlled, still and sparkling water, with an organoleptic quality higher than tap water coming from the aqueduct. In particular, taking into consideration the environmental aspects, specific attention was paid both to CO2 emissions and PET bottle waste reduction. The economic impact evaluation was carried out from the consumer’s point of view. In order to provide a supply service that was economically sustainable, a calculation was done with the aim of determining a specific fee for the supplied water. Moreover, a comparison has been made between quality parameters achieved with the analysis of water from aqueducts with the limits established in the Italian legislation and the parameters of several Italian water brands.The study has the aim at considering the opportunity to follow a different people’s habits, closer to the concept of sustainability, reducing the environmental charge related to the realization, transport and consumption of plastic water bottles without significant reduction of the quality of the service and with convenient and interesting economic implications. In fact the results of the study show that the alternative of WKs is more efficient in economic and environmental terms respect to the use of bottled water.