Use Of Plants Research Articles

Folklore for Religious usage of Plants in Kumaon Region of Himalaya

In Himalayan region of Uttarakhand State of India, there is a diverse variety of medicinal plant which are frequently used by local people on different ceremonial practices. They commonly use the name of these plants in folklore. The religious activities and rituals in Kumaon region served as a living museum of cultural practices, leading to the conservation of traditional knowledge and the conservation of plants of Kumaon region. These rituals are woven in the lives of people traditionally from generation to generation. The present study aimed to explore the information about the use of various plant parts in the traditional folklore. A total of eight folklore based on six religious plants were selected from documented 104 plants during the field survey i.e. Pati (Hay fever weed), Ganna (Sugarcane), Gehun (Wheat), Doob, Supari and Flowers. These plants are traditionally well used in the rituals and Havan in Kumaon region. During the study, it was also observed that in the last three decades some changes have come in the method of usage of important religious plants in the performance of various rituals and ceremonies of the region.

A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Medicinal Plant Utilization among the Four Ethnic Communities in Northern Regions of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Medicinal plants are utilized around the globe for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. This study is an attempt to document the utilization of medicinal plants across the four different cultural groups residing in the rural and remote villages of the northern districts of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. To gather information related to medicinal plants and health care practices among the local folk, field surveys were conducted from February 2018 to May 2021. The ethnomedicinal information was gathered through semi-structured interviews and group discussions. During the study, a total of 109 plant species belonging to 35 families were recorded as commonly utilized by the local population, with Asteraceae reported as the dominant family. The most common growth form was herbs, with a percentage contribution of 86%. Leaves (38%) were the most commonly used plant part for the preparation of traditional remedies, and most of the remedies were prepared as paste and applied topically. The highest use value of 0.30 was reported for Capsella bursa-pastoris. Greater similarity (14% species) in the usage of plants was shown by Bakerwal, Gujjar, and Pahadi ethnic groups, whereas the least similarity (1%) was observed between Bakerwal and Kashmiri ethnic groups. Based on the results obtained in the present study, further phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of plants is recommended to confirm the efficacy and safety of the remedies used and to possibly elucidate candidates for the development of new drugs.

SARS-CoV-2, Virology and Pathogenicity and phytomedicinal immunomodulators to curb covid-19 pandemic

The new coronavirus, COVID-19 has sent the world into a medical and economic crisis and if not contained can cause unprecedented damage to the human population.COVID-19 is a new pathogen and a new coronavirus that poses a global threat to healthcare system worldwide and has already devoured many lives in different parts of the world. Till date, there is no specific vaccine or effective antiviral therapy against COVID-19 disease. The only way to prevent oneself is to maintain social distancing, maintain proper hygiene and simultaneously enhance the individual’s immune response by incorporating immune boosters in daily diet, as health supplements and prophylaxis. Phytotherapy (herbalism) means usage of plants or herbs as medication to treat or prevent diseases and has a lot of potential. This phytomedicinal therapeutic approach proves to be cheaper and safer alternative and reduce the incidence of drug resistance and may modulate the immune system in preventing viral diseases. This traditional therapy has less side effects and bestow a general good health. It may suppress viral replication and reduce the clinical signs of viral diseases and can be promoted as immunomodulator. COVID 19 has been shown to engage the host cell ACE2 through its spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and natural phytochemical from plants have distinct effects on viral RBD and host ACE2 receptor complex. The present paper aims to present a comprehensive study of certain medicinal herbs to increase the immune potential and a promising option in the fore-front in healing COVID-19 ailments, concurrent with ICMR prescribed allopathic treatments.

Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of lanostane type triterpenoids isolated from Leplaea mayombensis

Leplaeric acid E 5 , leplazarin 6a and 21-epileplazarin 6b , three new 3,4- seco -lanostane type triterpenes have been isolated from the stem bark of Leplaea mayombensis (Pellegr.) Staner along with fourteen known compounds from the fruits and roots. Leplaeric acid E, leplazarin and 21-epileplazarin, 15-α-hydroxy-3,4- seco -lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid, mayomlactones A and B, lanosta-7,24-dien-3-one, leplaeric acid A, B and C were screened in vitro for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive ( Pf3D7 ) and chloroquine-resistant ( PfINDO ) strains of Plasmodium falciparum and for cytotoxicity against CAL-27, CaCo2, Skov-3, and HepG2 cells line . Three compounds including 15-α-hydroxy-3,4- seco -lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid (IC 50 5.65–7.09 μM), lanosta-7,24-dien-3-one (IC 50 7.18–9.07 μM), and leplaeric acid C (IC 50 7.59–8.47 μM) were the most active against both strains of P. falciparum . All the compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against the three-cell lines with IC 50 ranging from 12.30 to 181.88 μM. These results confirm the usage of the medicinal plant L. mayombensis for the management of malaria and suggest that further lead optimization studies on potent compounds identified from this study could lead to the identification of potential of lead molecules as scaffold for new antimalarial drug discovery. • Three new terpenes and fourteen known compounds were isolated from Leplaea mayombensis . • Compound 5, 6a and 6b are new 3,4-seco-lanostane type triterpenoids. • Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of all compounds were assessed in vitro . • Compounds 7, 14 and 17 exhibit antiplasmodial activity with IC50 < 10 µM and all the compounds exhibited cytotoxicity.

A feasibility study of a small-scale photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis desalination plant for potable water and salt production in Madura Island: A techno-economic evaluation

• Techno-economic analysis of a small-scale PV-RO desalination plant in Madura Island. • Potable water production of 11.6 m 3 /day with an annual solar contribution of 84 % • The levelized cost of water production using PV-RO desalination plant is 9.0 USD/m 3. • Payback period of PV-RO plant is 4 years for plant lifetime of 25 years. • PV-RO plant usage can increase salt production effectiveness of the salt farmers. The use of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant powered by a photovoltaic (PV) system is an attractive solution for small-scale applications in Madura Island (Indonesia). In this paper, the techno-economic feasibility of a small-scale grid-connected PV-RO desalination plant has been carried out in Madura Island for a plant capacity of 11.6 m 3 /day. The RO brine concentrate is utilized for valuable salt production-via-evaporation ponds that allowed the reduction of the required size in the conventional salt evaporation ponds. The steady-state numerical model of the RO desalination plant was used to predict the plant's performance using the characteristics of commercial RO elements. The PV array simulation was carried out using a dynamic modelling and simulation program based on weather data of Madura Island. The result illustrates that the production of potable water and salt using a community-scale grid-connected PV-RO plant is economically viable to be implemented in the region. The payback period of this PV-RO plant is around 4 years for a considered plant lifetime of 25 years with an annual solar contribution of 84 %. The Levelized cost of water production using the PV-RO plant is about 9.0 USD/m 3 which is more cost-effective than the current cost of potable water in the region. Besides, the use of solar-assisted RO desalination plants in water-stressed regions such as Madura Island allows for mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions associated with seawater desalination.

Ethnobotanical History: Duckweeds in Different Civilizations.

This presentation examines the history of duckweeds in Chinese, Christian, Greek, Hebrew, Hindu, Japanese, Maya, Muslim, and Roman cultures and details the usage of these diminutive freshwater plants from ancient times through the Middle Ages. We find that duckweeds were widely distributed geographically already in antiquity and were integrated in classical cultures in the Americas, Europe, the Near East, and the Far East 2000 years ago. In ancient medicinal sources, duckweeds are encountered in procedures, concoctions, and incantations involving the reduction of high fever. In this regard, we discuss a potential case of ethnobotanical convergence between the Chinese Han and Classical Maya cultures. Duckweeds played a part in several ancient rituals. In one, the unsuitability of its roots to serve as a wick for Sabbath oil lamps. In another reference to its early use as human food during penitence. In a third, a prominent ingredient in a medicinal incantation, and in a fourth, as a crucial element in ritual body purifications. Unexpectedly, it emerged that in several ancient cultures, the floating duckweed plant featured prominently in the vernacular and religious poetry of the day.

Ethnomedicinal study, phytochemical characterization, and pharmacological confirmation of selected medicinal plant on the northern slope of Mount Wilis, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Bhagawan WS, Suproborini A, Putri DLP, Nurfatma A, Putra RT. 2022. Ethnomedicinal study, phytochemical characterization, and pharmacological confirmation of selected medicinal plant on the northern slope of Mount Wilis, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4303-4313. The traditional usage of plants in ethnomedicine is a valuable resource for human primary healthcare. The effectiveness of herbal medicines and the creation of new drugs are proven by pharmacological and phytochemical verification. This study documented the traditional ethnomedicine knowledge (TEK) on the northern slope of Mount Wilis community in utilizing medicinal plants and revealed the ethnopharmacology relevance of selected medicinal plants. Data on TEK and its practices were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with informants who were selected using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The phytochemical compounds of the selected medicinal plant were identified using the UPLC-Qtof-MS/MS instrument, while their pharmacological activity was measured in antibacterial tests. The results showed that the community continued to apply TEK that had been passed down by the previous generation through a method called Gethok Tular. The medicinal plant species in the study area were diverse, 82 species from 39 families with various modes of preparation were used to treat seven disease categories. Tithonia diversivolia had the highest use value of 0.65 and it contained 23 phytochemical compounds. In addition, this plant has high pharmacological potential for antibacterial agents.

Fabaceous medicinal plants used in tribal medicine in the Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India -A review

Tribal communities in the Eastern Ghats of peninsular India are considered to be forest inhabitant living inharmony with their surrounding environment. Their close association with nature has enabled tribal peopleto observe the rich flora and fauna around them and updating themselves with the knowledge on the tribalflora and fauna. Over the years, they have mastered the art of living with nature solely depending on thenatural resources available. As part of this, they have customized the usage of plants as medicines. This has ledto the development of sound knowledge on the use of plants as herbal remedies for various ailmentsand has become the tradition of the tribal communities. In view of the growing health consciousness amongpeople, the demand for medicinal herbs is ever increasing due to herbal medicines are cheaper and safe incommunities since the side effects reported with herbal medicines are bare minimum compared to themodern allopathic drugs. Overall, the findings on diversity of the medicinal plant species in the forests ofthe Eastern Ghats of peninsular India indicate great diversity and richness of species. Among the botanicalfamilies supplying of raw materials of medicinal plants, Fabaceae is the most predominant family consistingof 60 plant species and their plant parts are widely used in tribal medicine to cure various commonlyoccurring diseases in the tribal areas of the region. Most of these medications are administered orally whilesome are applied externally to get a hold from the human ailments.

A Market Basket Folklore Survey of Ethnobotanical Usage of Plants for Treatment of Mumps in North India

A Market Basket Folklore Survey of Ethnobotanical Usage of Plants for Treatment of Mumps in North India

Cross-ethnic use of ethnoveterinary medicine in the Kashmir Himalaya - A Northwestern Himalayan region

Ethnoveterinary practices are an important part of Himalayan culture, and they have evolved as primary health care system for the treatment of different ailments in animals. The valley of Kashmir is home to a variety of ethnic groups [i.e., Gujjar, Bakarwal and Kashmiri], mostly occupied in agriculture and related services, having traditional knowledge to treat animal ailments by employing local flora. In the present study we documented the use of plant species used to treat animals, specific diseases treated with specific plant species, also we investigated the cross-cultural ethnoveterinary plant usage in the administrative district Kupwara of Kashmir valley. To gather the data we used simple random sampling; semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires followed by group discussions. The data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and ordination techniques [Principal Component Analysis] using Past Software ver.3.14. A total of 41 plant species, belonging to 25 families were identified as used for the treatment of livestock by the three ethnic groups in Kashmir. The distribution of species across families was asymmetric, with 7 families accounting for half of the species and 18 families accounting for the other half, but with 14 families comprising a single species. Asteraceae had the most species [15%], followed by Ranunculaceae [7%. Roots were the most frequently used plant part [48%,] followed by whole plant and leaves [18% each]. Different preparation forms were enlisted during the present study, but powder [54%] was the dominant form followed by decoction [22%] and paste [12%]. The Cluster analyses indicated substantial clusters of ethnoveterinary illnesses. In terms of disease-specific plant use, nearly one-third of the total species pool was used to combat gastrointestinal issues, while the remaining two-thirds of the species clustered out and were dispersed among the remaining 18 disease types. A cross-cultural comparison of plant resources showed that 15% of all plants were overlapping between the three ethnic groups. Our current findings of documenting ethenoveterinary knowledge serves a variety of purposes, including preserving it for future generations, securing it by placing it in the public domain, using it as a springboard for further research and conservation efforts. The documented species needs to be investigated scientifically as it can provide possible chances for the discovery of future novel molecules with potent medicinal attributions.

Interior plants: Trends, species, and their benefits

Using indoor plants has a long history, but research on plant usage in buildings has only recently begun. An increasing number of plant studies for the interiorscape is highly desirable concerning the growing “work from home” trend. This research aims to empirically 1) identify the research trends of indoor plants, 2) identify the most popular plants for the indoor landscape, and 3) investigate the practical aspects currently appearing in the research. The articles discussing the benefits and limitations of plants related to indoor use were compiled from the SCOPUS database. Experts and professionals were interviewed for cross-validation with the results from the study.

Anti-Diabesity Middle Eastern Medicinal Plants and Their Action Mechanisms.

Over the last four decades, the escalation in diabetes and obesity rates has become epidemic all over the world. Diabesity describes the strong link between T2D and obesity. It correlates deeper with the elevated risks of developing cardiovascular disease hypertension, stroke, and several malignancies. Therapeutic usage of medicinal plants and natural products in the treatment of diabetes and obesity has long been known to physicians of Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine. Improved versions of their abundant medicinal plant-based formulations are at present some of the most popular herbal treatments used. Preclinical and clinical data about medicinal plants along with their bioactive constituents are now available, justifying the traditionally known therapeutic uses of products derived from them for the prevention and cure of obesity-related T2D and other health problems. The aim of this review is to systematize published scientific data dealing with the efficiency of active ingredients or extracts from Middle Eastern medicinal plants and diet in the management of diabesity and its complications. Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for publications describing the medicinal plants and diet used in the management of T2D, obesity, and their complications. The used keywords were “medicinal plants” or “herbals” in combination with “obesity,” “diabetes,” “diabetes,” or nephropathy. More than 130 medicinal plants were identified to target diabesity and its complications. The antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects and action mechanisms of these plants are discussed here. These include the regulation of appetite, thermogenesis, lipid absorption, and lipolysis; pancreatic lipase activity and adipogenesis; glucose absorption in the intestine, insulin secretion, glucose transporters, gluconeogenesis, and epigenetic mechanisms.

Recent perspectives on impact of Ethnobotany in India: A review

Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute most significant group of plants in the welfare of living beings. Most of these plants are found growing wild and collected by different ethnic and rural people of our country. They used them freely for the treatment of various human and animal ailments, on the basis of their ancestral knowledge and beliefs. They know medicinal usage of several wild plants growing nearby them for the sure cure of different diseases. Ethnobotany, the research field of science, has been widely used in documenting the indigenous knowledge of using plants and providing an inventory of useful plants from local ethnic people. Plants that are used as traditional herbal medicine in different countries are an important part of these studies. However, over-harvesting, degradation of medicinal plants, and loss of indigenous traditional knowledge from local communities are common problems in these resource areas. In this narrative review of literature, we aimed to describe and delineate about recent perspectives on role and impact of Ethnobotany in India.

Pharmacological Benefits of Miswak Users and Its Impact on COVID-19 Patients – A Review

In the quest of vaccine/medicine for the Covid-19, a major challenge for the intact community on the Earth, the scientists are eagerly involved in the struggle to achieve a new vision in the field of drug discovery. In meantime, we have also forgotten the usage of preexisting medicinal plants and searching the treasure in the dark. To enlighten on, and to dig the hidden boon, this review paper highlights Salvadora persica, a miracle twig’s various medicinal properties and also about major influence against the viral activities and the asymptomatic conditions in Covid-19 patients of miswak users. It also highlights the literature evidence on the isolated chemical metabolites present in the root and stem of the tree which emphasize its beneficial effects against the bacterial and viral load. This review will hopefully encourage the upcoming search to widen their research on miswak in nCoV of Covid-19 patients and the common people need to document for the regular usage of miswak with brushing the teeth, to attain its properties.&#x0D;

Lymphatic Filariasis Control: School-based One Health Initiative on The Usage of Local Plants as Alternative Mosquito Repellants in Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne disease that poses a serious public health concern. The disease has spread to 28 Indonesian provinces, with NTT province being one of the 10 provinces with the highest incidence. Aside from being a major supporter of the annual mass drug administration program, the mosquito control initiative is also critical to the disease's eradication. However, today's mosquito control approaches depend primarily on synthetic moieties, which, unfortunately, have resulted in environmental problems and also resistance in important mosquito species. Consequently, developing alternative mosquito control strategies based on herbal components that are environmentally friendly, safe, and long-lasting is necessary. This one-health program aims to educate and raise public awareness of the importance of mosquito control and to inspire the community to utilize local plants as alternative mosquito repellents. This program is targeted high school students from the Timor Tengah Selatan regency. This regency is one of the NTT regencies with the highest risk of lymphatic filariasis. The approach method employed in this program was a series of presentations, discussions, and a demonstration of lymphatic filariasis and the selection of local plants that can be used as herbal repellents. Based on discussions with the students, it was discovered that after engaging in this activity, the participants had learned and recognized the dual function of various indigenous plants in their area as effective and cost-effective mosquito repellents. Furthermore, the students became more excited to learn and develop knowledge about the function of other local plants as efficient mosquito repellents.

Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants against Clinical Bacterial Species

The current study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial potential of herbal plants against gram negative including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species. Aqueous extracts of these herbs were used to check the antimicrobial susceptibility. The antimicrobial activity of these herbal extracts was determined by using agar well diffusion technique. The aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum alatum exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against Enterococcus fecalis and E. fecium with the inhibitory zone in the range 35 mm and 30 mm at 100 uL respectively. While aqueous extract of Gerwia asiatica showed maximum antimicrobial activity against E. fecalis with the inhibitory zone 28 mm. Whereas, aqueous extract of Juglans regia showed maximum antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. fecalis with the inhibitory zones 28 mm and 20 mm respectively. Some of the microbes showed no inhibitory activity such as, S. aureus exhibited resistance against both G. asiatica and J. regia antimicrobial contents. The results confirmed the therapeutic potency of these herbs for use in folk medicine. The results also encourage the usage of plants exhibiting antimicrobial activity against most of the food-borne and food-spoilage microorganisms.

The use of plants by the population of Primorye in the Early Paleometal period (according to the archaeobotanical and archeological data)

The Early Paleometal period (second half of the 2nd millennium BC — end of the 1st millennium BC) is one of the least studied periods in the archeology of Primorye. There are not many studied and documented complexes. Their cultural chronology is still insufficiently developed. The identification of the archaeological cultures has not been completed and their subsistence systems have not become objects of research. The author makes an at-tempt to reconstruct the usage of plants by the populations of Primorye during this period. The research was based on the archaeobotanical analysis of plant seeds from the sites of this period, supplemented with the data on the finds of artifacts associated with agriculture. The data from 15 sites belonging to different cultures or groups of the Early Paleometal period were taken into account and analyzed. From 10 of them, the seeds were obtained with water flota-tion technique, which was not always carried out to a sufficient extent. In 5 sites, seeds were found on visual inspection (seeds accumulations, imprints on ceramics). Seeds of cultivated plants were found in all 15 sites. They were recovered from all flotation materials, even from small samples, which indicates the abundance of these remains in the sites’ de-posits. The species composition of the seeds demonstrates the ubiquitous presence and, therefore, cultivation of two species of millet (Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica). This is a typical set of cultigens for Primorye, where both species are consistently present on archaeological sites, starting from the Late Neolithic and in the following peri-ods. Materials of Novoselische-4 and Anuchino-14 sites, where only P. miliaceum was found, look atypical. After the middle of the 1st millennium BC, naked barley was also found on some sites. The paucity of the data does not allow reliable reconstruction of the role of agriculture in the economy of the Early Paleometal population of Primorye. However, the presence of the cultivated plants on all the sites where the water flotation was used demonstrates their ubiquity, including the coastal settlements whose population’s economy was mainly based on marine resources. This clearly indicates an increase of a role of agriculture in this period. The lack of special studies of the functions of such artifacts as hoes, grinding slabs and grindstones, traditionally referred to as agricultural, makes us consider with reserve their interpretation as exclusively agricultural. Obviously, they represent tools with complex functions. Specialized agri-cultural tools are represented by reaping knives. In Primorye, they appear in the Early Paleometal period. Their pres-ence on the sites is regarded as evidence of the existence of agriculture. However, their absence does not imply the opposite. The archaeobotanical data from the sites of the Early Paleometal period confirmed the existence of wild plants gathering amongst the population engaged in agriculture. The remains of 8 plant species, which were found on all the sites where the water floatation was employed, have been identified.

Awareness, Practice and Perception of General Public using Native Plants for Landscaping: A Case Study from Diyatha Flower Market

A native plant is a species indigenous to a given region or ecosystem hence occurring naturally in a given area. The contribution attired by native plants ranges from conservational purposes to aesthetics. At present, landscaping using native plants is a major constituent in sustainable industries, which is highly popular owing to its capability to improve the ecological significance of the environment. Even though Sri Lanka has a vast pool of native plants, the tendency towards purchasing and using native plants are relatively low. Since the lack of knowledge and the small market create a divergence, exotics are used and maintained unknowingly at the residential level. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the consumers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on using native plants at Diyatha Flower Market of Sri Lanka. A pre-tested interviewer administrated questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information, knowledge, attitudes and practices of respondents (n=147) on the usage of native plants in landscaping. Five points Likert scale was used to rank the attributes and the association between purchasing native plants and demographic factors, knowledge, attitude, the practice of the respondents was measured by Pearson chi square test. According to the results, purchasing native plants for landscaping was influenced by several factors; occupation (p=0.034), practising of landscaping (p=0.003), attitudes (p=0.049) and the respondents’ knowledge (p=0.008) on native plants. Gender, age and educational level did not significantly correlate to purchasing behaviour, while limited diversity (61.9%), lack of knowledge (51.7%), and unavailability of native plants in the market (29.9%) were reported as the major causes for not purchasing native plants. Only 3.4% indicated insect attraction as a reason for purchasing native plants, implying the lack of interest in wildlife gardening/pollinator conservation concepts in Sri Lanka. A notably higher percentage of respondents had a moderate level of knowledge (49.6%) on natives. However, 42% of respondents denote low preference of using natives at the home garden level through majority of participants showed a highly favorable level of attitudes (91.1%) towards natives. This proved that people support native plants in general but lack of using the native species at the residential level. Hence, enhancing the knowledge and attitude of using native plants among the general public and encouraging research and extension work to popularize native species for landscaping is recommended.&#x0D; Keywords: Diyatha flower market, Landscaping, Knowledge, Native plants, Public perception

Diversity of Ethnomedicinal Plants among Tribal Communities in Anuppur District, Madhya Pradesh, Central India

ABSTRACT Ethnobotanical data were collected from local traditional healers using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and group discussions in 29 villages of Anuppur district, Madhya Pradesh, Central India. A total of 114 plant species from 103 genera from 59 families were identified as being used in the treatment of different diseases. Trees constituted the highest proportion of 43 species (38%), and the most preferred method of preparation of traditional medicines from plant material was in crushed powdered form (68, 40.47%). The informants’ consensus about the usage of medicinal plants in the study area ranged from 0.18 to 0.5 for 13 categories. The fidelity level for 11 plant species ranged from 33.33% to 75%.

Traditional Plants Used for Medicinal Purposes in Güroymak (Bitlis/Turkey) District

This study, which was conducted between 2020 and 2021 to record the traditional medicinal plant usage culture of the inhabitants of Güroymak (Bitlis), was the first to be conducted in the district. Face-to-face interviews with individuals with advanced ethnobotanical knowledge were conducted in the villages (29) of the district, and the medicinal plants which were used were gathered and identified. The information gathered as a result of the interviews with 120 participants was recorded for this purpose. As a result of the study, it was observed that 60 taxa from 26 families were used to treat 30 different diseases. The most used medicinal plants were from the family “Asteraceae” (13 taxa), followed by “Lamiaceae” (8 taxa), “Rosaceae” (7 taxa) and “Polygonaceae (3 taxa)”. The usage value (UV) was calculated for each species. Malva neglecta, Rosa canina, Crataegus pseudoheterophylla, Crataegus monogyna, Juglans regia, Crataegus orientalis, Rumex scutatus, Celtis tournefortii, Alcea setosa, and Taraxacum kurdiciforme were the most commonly used taxa in the study area. Furthermore, diseases for which medicinal plants were used were classified using The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), accepted by the WHO, and the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) values for each disease category were calculated. Diseases with high ICF values are digestive problems (27 taxa). This is followed by the respiratory and skin disease categories (11 taxa for each).