Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain for pediatric patients is more difficult to evaluate and treat than in adults. Its assessment and management are key components of pediatric care which aim to reduce subjective sensation and to improve the satisfaction of medical specialists and parents. The assessment of pain depends on the cognitive development of the child , the clinical context and the type of pain. Pain management in children improves physiological, behavioral and hormonal results, leads to faster recovery, less complications, and reduced healthcare resources. Ineffective and untimely treatment of pain in children can cause long-lasting physical and psychological consequences. This article aims to determine the importance of adequate pain control in children. For children over the age of 6, pain assessment is based on self-assessment, whereas children under the age of 6 require behavioral scales for pain assessment. Behavioral assessment scales include child monitoring as well as basic characteristics of pain such as intensity, location, duration. The nurses are in a position to meet the child's first pain caused by fear and anxiety in the hospital, but parents who take care of the child are an important assistant in assessing, especially in children with special needs. Some children may find it difficult to do a distinction between pain, anxiety and stress. Effective pain assessment leads to more satisfied children and families. Prolonged inadequate treatment of pain in children may be due to the lack of knowledge and failure of nurses to appreciate and manage pain effectively. Medical specialist should be able to detect the symptoms and signs of pain in different age groups and determine whether these symptoms are caused by pain or other factors. The methods used for pain assessment have proven clinical efficacy, reliability and usability, making them an integral part of the treatment and management of pain. Three are the ways to measure it in children: self-report, behavioral evidence, and physiological-clinical observations. After processing the collected information, the data are entered into the required documentation which provides continuous ,safe and qualified care. Documentation of the children’s pain is a key factor in pain managing. Low level of nurses’ knowledge of assessing pain, inappropriate use of pain scales or lack of documentation could affect pain treatment. Assessment is performed if a child complains of pain, after surgery, if a procedure would cause discomfort or at least once a shift to check if children have any pain. The main subject of pain management strategy is pain prevention and modification of techniques used for diagnostic procedures for infant.