Use Of Online Methods Research Articles

The use of online methods to recruit and follow a hard-to-reach population in the Peer Alternatives for Addiction Study 2021 Cohort.

Although studies are increasingly adopting online protocols, few such studies in the addiction field have comprehensively described their data review procedures and successes in detecting low-quality/fraudulent data. The current study describes data collection protocols and outcomes of a large, longitudinal study (the PAL Study 2021) that implemented online design elements to study individuals seeking peer support for an alcohol use disorder. In 2021, the PAL Study collaborated with mutual-help group (MHG) partners and recovery-related organizations to recruit individuals attending a 12-step group, Women for Sobriety (WFS), LifeRing Secular Recovery, and/or SMART Recovery for an alcohol problem in-person and/or online in the prior 30 days. Participation was solicited both online and in-person. Individuals accessed baseline surveys via an open web link; follow-ups occurred at 6 and 12 months. Analyses included calculating the proportion of surveys eliminated in data quality review; comparing MHG subsamples to internal survey (benchmark) data for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), WFS, LifeRing, and SMART; and examining response rates and attrition. Although 93% of respondents who opened the baseline survey completed it, 87% of baseline surveys were eliminated in data quality review (final N = 531). Nonetheless, cleaned MHG subsamples were generally similar to benchmark samples on gender, age, race/ethnicity, and education. Follow-up rates for the cleaned sample were 88% (6 months) and 85% (12 months). Analyses revealed some differences in attrition by gender, primary MHG, and lifetime drug problems, but there was no evidence of greater attrition among those in earlier/less stable recovery. Study methods appear to have produced a valid, largely representative sample of the hard-to-reach target population that was successfully followed across 12 months. However, given the high survey elimination rate and need for extensive data review, we recommend that researchers avoid open-link designs and include comprehensive data review when incorporating online design elements.

Online vs Traditional Recruitment Approaches: Preferences of Saudi Employers and Employees

Purpose: This study analyses and compares traditional and e-recruitment methods for job applications from the perspectives of employees and employers. Research Design: The study collected data from employees and employers in business organizations located in Yanbu Industrial City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An internet-mediated approach was used, and a survey questionnaire was designed. The sample size was determined to be 328 using an unknown population sample size formula. Data were gathered from 103 employees and 53 employers. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, and Chi-square was used to analyze the approaches of Traditional and e-recruitment for the job application process. Findings: The findings indicate that a high percentage of employees and employers’ preference for online methods in job applications. However, the chi-square test reveals a discrepancy between the perspectives of employees and employers. Employees support the use of online methods, while employers reject the hypothesis that online application methods are effective. Implications: One of the implications of online recruitment systems is that managers who use e-recruitment systems may have concerns about the accuracy and accountability of applicant data. Additionally, the lack of in-person interactions during the online application process can lead to frustration for job seekers and missed opportunities for employers to obtain or share more information. Originality: This study is arguably one of the leading studies that investigates the perceptions of employers and employees regarding the e-recruitment process in Saudi Arabia. Its findings would be of great help to employers in improving the e-recruitment system.

Does the Use of Online Methods in Nursing Education Affect Job Readiness?

The aim of this study is to examine how the online education method increasingly used in the nursing education affects work readiness of students. Background: The literature reveals that newly graduated nurses are not adequately ready for working life, the transition from student to professional nursing is stressful and exhausting, and nearly half of them intend to quit their job. Method: Quantitative data were collected using Work Readiness Scale for Graduated Nurses (WRSGN) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). Qualitative data were collected with semi-structured questions. Results: In the study, a negative significant correlation was found between WRSGN and GSE subscales (p

Participation in Online Research: Towards a Typology of Research Subjects with Regard to Digital Access and Literacy

The Covid-19 pandemic has severely impacted empirical research practices relying on face-to-face interactions, such as interviews and group discussions. Confronted with pandemic management measures such as lockdowns, researchers at the height of the pandemic were widely limited to the use of online methods that did not enable direct contact with their research subjects. Even as the pandemic subsides, online data collection procedures are being widely applied, in many cases possibly recklessly. In this paper, we urge the implementation of a reflective approach to online research. In particular, we argue that both digital access and the research subjects’ digital literacy affect participation in online research and thus also the quality of the research. By combining these two dimensions, we develop a typology of four types of research subjects (digital outcasts, illiterates, sceptics and natives) that allows researchers to adapt their data collection to the specifics of each research situation. We illustrate these types in the context of our own research projects and discuss them with regard to three main challenges of empirical research, i.e., acquiring participants, establishing a basis for conversation, and maintaining ethical standards. We conclude by developing recommendations that help researchers to deal with these challenges in the context of online research to avoid unintended biases.

Widening participation – recruitment methods in mental health randomised controlled trials: a qualitative study

BackgroundBarriers to mental health research participation are well documented including distrust of services and research; and stigma surrounding mental health. They can contribute to a lack of diversity amongst participants in mental health research, which threatens the generalisability of knowledge. Given the recent widespread use of the internet in medical research, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of key partners on the use of online (e.g. social media) and offline (e.g. in-person) recruitment as an approach to improving diversity in mental health randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsFace-to-face and online interviews/focus groups with researchers working in mental health and Patient and Public Involvement partners in the United Kingdom. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree focus groups and three interviews were conducted with a total N = 23 participants. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) recruitment reach; (2) Demographic factors that affect selection of recruitment method; (3) safety of technology, and; (4) practical challenges. Five main factors were identified that affect the choice of recruitment method: age, complexity of mental health problem and stigma, cultural and ethnicity differences and digital divide. The use of online methods was considered more accessible to people who may feel stigmatised by their mental health condition and with a benefit of reaching a wider population. However, a common view amongst participants was that online methods require closer data monitoring for quality of responders, are not fully secure and less trustworthy compared to offline methods that enable participants to build relationships with health providers. Funding, staff time and experience, organisational support, and technical issues such as spam or phishing emails were highlighted as practical challenges facing online recruitment. All participants agreed that using a hybrid approach tailored to the population under study is paramount.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the importance of offering a flexible and multifaceted recruitment approach by integrating online with offline methods to support inclusivity and widening participation in mental health research. The findings will be used to develop considerations for researchers designing RCTs to improve recruitment in mental health research.

Online Assessments for Reflection within a Large Class: A Case Study of English for Educational Development Law Students at the University of the Western Cape

This study reports on the use of online assessments in English for an Educational Development module for law students at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. It highlights the benefits of using the method of an online test to manage and enable learning by reflection in a large class setting. The design and development of online materials and assessment activities is based on a theoretical and conceptual framework that stems from the main schools of learning, namely behaviourism, cognitivism, and constructivism, and alternative assessment. Upon the completion of the course, a survey of 12 questions was given to 530 students to determine the benefits and challenges they experienced while completing their online test within a formative and reflective context. The adoption of e-Learning practices to enhance teaching and learning was explored and has shown its advantages. Results revealed that this method enables students to engage with learning materials, stay motivated, and test their own understanding of meaningful knowledge in the English language especially in the Law context. It is evident that the use of online methods for testing are beneficial for a large class context as in this case. It makes the learning and management thereof easier for both the learner and educator and accommodates different learning styles. Apart from the advantages, the findings of this study included some ethical and technical challenges and disadvantages of online assessments.

Adapting Patient and Public Involvement processes in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought rapid and major changes to research, and those wishing to carry out Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) activities faced challenges, such as restrictions on movement and contact, illness, bereavement and risks to potential participants. Some researchers moved PPI to online settings during this time but remote consultations raise, as well as address, a number of challenges. It is important to learn from PPI undertaken in this period as face-to-face consultation may no longer be the dominant method for PPI. UK stay-at-home measures announced in March 2020 necessitated immediate revisions to the intended face-to-face methods of PPI consultation for the ESORT Study, which evaluated emergency surgery for patients with common acute conditions. PPI plans and methods were modified to all components being online. We describe and reflect on: initial plans and adaptation; recruitment; training and preparation; implementation, contextualisation and interpretation. Through first-hand accounts we show how the PPI processes were developed, experienced and viewed by different partners in the process. While concerns have been expressed about the possible limiting effects of forgoing face-to-face contact with PPI partners, we found important benefits from the altered dynamic of the online PPI environment. There were increased opportunities for participation which might encourage the involvement of a broader demographic, and unexpected benefits in that the online platform seemed to have a 'democratising' effect on the meetings, to the benefit of the PPI processes and outcomes. Other studies may however find that their particular research context raises particular challenges for the use of online methods, especially in relation to representation and inclusion, as new barriers to participation may be raised. It is important that methodological challenges are addressed, and researchers provide detailed examples of novel methods for discussion and empirical study. We report a process which involved people with lived experience of emergency conditions and members of the public. A patient member was involved in the design and implementation, and two patients with lived experience contributed to the manuscript.

Online mediation: international experience and prospects for implementation in Ukraine

The article discusses the problems of online mediation in Ukraine. The article analyzes the legislative regulation of mediation. As well as the use of online methods for the lawsuits resolution, which can significantly reduce the burden on the judicial system and ensure access to justice for all citizens under martial law and pandemic conditions (COVID-19). In the context of the pandemic, the introduction of online mediation becomes especially relevant, as it aims not only to simplify the process of lawsuits resolution, but also to ensure the preservation of citizens’ health. «The guidelines for preparing and conducting online mediation" adopted by the CA "NAMU" were analyzed. Created by the professional community of mediators as a response to the challenges that arise in the daily legal professional activities of mediators, such as: new circumstances, lack of legislation, etc. And distributed in order to provide support for safe professional practice. Determined the main factors of the prospects for the rapid development of alternative lawsuits resolution methods under digitalization and martial law in Ukraine.
 An analysis of the international legal regulation of online mediation has been carried out. It has been researched that the European legal system is aimed at encouraging the parties in lawsuits to use proper legal procedures to resolve the legal dispute, but not only in court. An analysis of the challenges of online mediation, which the mediator and participants face when conducting mediation in this format, has been carried out, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of online mediation in Ukraine have been determined. The ethical principles for online lawsuits resolution are set to find a wider audience as stakeholders in ODR systems become more expansive and inclusive. Different ways to improve the legislative regulation of online mediation by making additions to the Law of Ukraine "Mediation" are proposed.

Reaching Out: Using Social Media to Recruit ‘Invisible Groups’: The Case of South Asian Women in the UK Experiencing Gender-Related Violence

The rise of social media use has been phenomenal, particularly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, Facebook has also seen its share of users rise at a meteoric rate. At the same time, the academy is producing a growing body of literature concerning the use of online methods for primary data collection. Yet, despite the increase in the use of the internet as a research tool, very little still exists on the use of social media to recruit research participants, particularly those deemed “socially invisible”. This paper addresses this gap. Another research project explored the experiences of South Asian women who had departed the social norms of arranged marriage to form an intimate relationship with a partner of choice and who then experienced forms of gender-related violence (GRV). The project encountered difficulties in recruiting participants from this marginalised and often invisible group in UK society, who are often too frightened or ashamed to come forward. This study demonstrates how to use Facebook ethically and methodologically, highlighting some of the methods used to overcome the challenges that were presented. The research was undertaken before the COVID-19 pandemic (which prompted a widespread use of social media in social science research). We argue that, despite the ethical challenges, the advantages of using social media to recruit participants when researching a highly sensitive topic such as GRV with ‘invisible groups’ was highly beneficial. We therefore suggest that social media should be an integral part of the research recruitment process, alongside non-digital methods, so that other ‘invisible groups’ are not created comprising those who cannot access technology. We share the lessons learned for the benefit of researchers using a similar approach today when recruiting research participants from invisible and marginalised groups. The authors caveat their recommendation of using social media with suggesting that those who do not have high levels of experience of data collection with such cohorts instead consider working with gatekeepers to facilitate the recruitment.

Application of the Online Method with the Whatsapp Application to Increase Student Learning Motivation through Providing Classical Guidance Information Services in Class VII-1 Even Semester UPT SPF SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal Academic Year 2021/2022)

This study aims to find out how to increase student motivation in Class VII-1 at UPT SPF SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal. This study uses a quantitative approach using the online method with the Whatsapp application. The subjects in this study were students of class VII-1 at UPT SPF SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal for the 2021/2022 academic year, with a total of 32 students consisting of 14 boys and 18 girls. The data collection technique was carried out using individual absorption percentage techniques and classical completeness, as well as by observing teachers about the implementation of service purchases through the use of online methods with the Whatsapp application. The results of this study are that the application of the online method with the Whatsapp application in class VII-1 can increase learning motivation in providing Guidance and Counseling material services. This can be seen from the results of student learning outcomes obtained from cycle I and cycle II, namely: 04% and 23%.

Online training in radiology during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the methods used for teaching radiology in medical schools, residency programs, and continuing medical education. The need to continue training in radiology in a situation requiring physical distancing has led to the massive use of online methods, and this is where internet has provided a solution to mitigate the problem. This paper aims to present a series of useful, freely accessible resources that share the #FOAMRad philosophy for online training in radiology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participant perspectives of an online co-design process to develop a prevention-focused mental health and well-being platform for primary producers.

To explore participant experiences of an online co-design process to develop a web-based preventative mental health and well-being intervention targeting primary producers in rural Australia. Rural Victoria, Australia. Participants from a primary producer background, including horticulture, fisheries, animal cultivation and farm consultancy, were eligible for the study if they had participated in both the co-design and beta testing processes for a primary producer platform. A qualitative study using semi-structured phone-based interviews was undertaken. A reflexive inductive approach to data analysis was employed to develop themes. Eleven participants were interviewed, with an average age of 51 years, of which 7 were female. Five main themes were developed. These included: (1) participant diversity, (2) impact of online delivery on co-design participation, (3) experiences of the co-design process, (4) maintaining a shared vision and goals and (5) acting on the co-design recommendations. Use of online methods was a clear enabler to engage participants who were geographically dispersed and offers an alternative to more conventional approaches to co-design using face-to-face methods. Some aspects of participant engagement may need a greater focus when conducted online compared with face-to-face. Using an online co-design method to develop a preventative mental health and well-being web-based platform for primary producers was novel. Findings address a gap in the literature around the experience of participants engaging in a co-design process and identify opportunities to improve participant engagement and experience with the online format.

Formación online en Radiología en tiempos de COVID

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the methods used for teaching radiology in medical schools, residency programs, and continuing medical education. The need to continue training in radiology in a situation requiring physical distancing has led to the massive use of online methods, and this is where internet has provided a solution to mitigate the problem. This paper aims to present a series of useful, freely accessible resources that share the #FOAMRad philosophy for online training in radiology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Learning from digital adaptations to the pandemic: enhancing work-based higher education

PurposeThis paper examines how the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated digital developments in apprenticeship and work-based learning in higher education (HE), focusing on practices that have ongoing value.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was carried out on the theme of HE work-based and work-integrated learning during the pandemic, followed by minimally-structured interviews with UK university staff responsible for apprenticeship and other work-based programmes.FindingsThe pandemic has accelerated adoption of online and digital methods to support work-based and apprenticeship learning. There has been progress from emergency measures to more pedagogically consistent ones. A blended approach is becoming common, with the learning and logistical benefits from digital methods ensuring their continuing use. Progress is uneven and there is still a need for improved digital pedagogy and better integration of theoretical and practical learning.Practical implicationsMore attention is needed to digital pedagogy and to effective use of online methods to support work-based learning with corresponding implications for staff development. There are institutional implications in terms of ensuring that systems and structures support what is, particularly for work-based learners, likely to be a permanent move towards digital, blended and online learning.Originality/valueThere has been limited research on the impact of the pandemic on work-based learning, with most of the literature focusing on placements and projects. This paper presents findings at a point when universities are considering how technologically-supported methods will be employed on a more permanent basis.

Leveraging the Power of Online Qualitative Inquiry in Mixed Methods Research: Novel Prospects and Challenges Amidst COVID-19.

The rare circumstances of COVID-19 have transformed research toward increased dependence on online spaces. This article examines related challenges and opportunities, focusing on how philosophical and ethical implications are differentially manifest amid crisis. Anchored by a transformative perspective, our framework recognizes heightened vulnerabilities amid COVID-19; it seeks dexterous strategies for implementing qualitative strands that adapt well to a virtual context while remaining philosophically grounded and ethical. Our findings highlight issues of unequal access, disembodiment, safety and vulnerability, researcher positionality, anonymity, and the delineation between private and public spaces; we also showcase an array of virtual qualitative methods. We conclude that ethical practice in the use of online methods is likely to be broadly applicable and adaptable to the mixed methods research community.

DETERMINANTS OF GOOGLE MEET ADOPTION DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC IN VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITIES

The Covid-19 epidemic and its derivatives have had a major impact on many parts of social life, including higher education, general education, and primary education. Institutions and universities must sustain remote operations using digital technologies in order to swiftly adjust to the "new normal," which is regarded one of the generally applicable alternatives. The adoption of Google Meet, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams is extensively used in colleges and universities and is considered a significant milestone in communication. Although the use of online methods is projected to have a beneficial impact, there are still obstacles and hurdles in terms of infrastructure, acceptable new regulations, content, digital content, supporting devices, supporting capabilities, and deployment capabilities in digital environments. The study's aim is to discover the factors that influence the use of Google Meet in the educational process and user satisfaction. The tool's validity and reliability were examined using SPSS analysis for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Factor-based testing using the Varimax rotation, 39 items remained in the questionnaire. Based on the analysis 378 responses, there are 5 factors affecting the use of the Google Meet tool, with the KMO index measuring the appropriateness of the sampling being 0.967; Bartlett's test shows that the Chi-Square Sig index is 0.000 < 0.05. These findings are guidelines for teachers and educators in identifying the factors driving the more effective use of Google Meet in schools.

Analisis Terhadap Metode Kuliah Daring dan Biaya Tranposrtasi Mahasiswa Indonesia Dalam Masa Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the applications and student expenditure during the pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic caused the government through the Ministry of Education and Culture to announce teaching and learning activities carried out from home using the online method. There are several complaints with the use of online methods, one of which is opinion about the increase in fees for the purchase of data package pulses. The opinion said that student spending increased due to the purchase of data package pulses. This study tries to conduct a survey and analysis specifically comparing student costs before and after co-19. During a pandemic, students spend more credit than before the pandemic which is 10.8% on topping up. But it was revealed that spending on pandemic students was less than before the pandemic with the smallest percentage of 46.9%. While applications that are often used in online lecture methods are Google Classroom with 74.7%, Zoom 67%, and WAG 35.3%. It is hoped that this initial research can support and provide input to policy makers in education institutions during lectures during the pandemic.

FEMME LIFE ON THE SCREEN: ONLINE METHODS FOR SUBCULTURAL RESEARCH AND SURVIVAL

In this presentation, I will share key findings from my dissertation research on femme internet culture. Following the conference theme, this presentation will focus on the use of online methods for documenting subcultural life, and online subculture’s ability to make life more liveable for marginalized subjects. In this project, I define “femme” as a queer identity that is marked by a critical and political engagement with femininity that manifests through one’s style and values. I used Ulrika Dahl’s (2011) femme-inist ethnography methodology to conceptualize a study of “one’s own community.” In this presentation, I will focus on key findings about femme memes and online femme networks. My research demonstrates that through a study of a subculture’s memes, we can come to learn much about the group’s values, norms, and boundaries. Memes allow individuals to see one’s self, identity, or experiences reflected, or be “in on the joke.” Femmes recognize the experiences specific to femme subjectivity (ie. femme invisibility) communicated through memes and feel a sense of connection with one another. In addition, my research offers further evidence of the value of online communities for marginalized subjects. The femmes in my study used online connections to combat geographical isolation, create intergenerational bonds, and even find a reason to stay alive. My research shows that the technological affordances of Instagram continue to make online communities valuable. In addition, online methods are valuable tools to develop deeper insight into existing subcultures, especially those that are marginalized in more mainstream and/or public arenas.

METODE PEMBELAJARAN BACA TULIS ALQUR’AN DI SMP ISLAM UNGARAN

Basically, the principles of Al-Qur'an learning can be carried out using various methods, all of which have the same goal, namely so that children can read the Al-Qur'an properly and correctly. The low motivation of students in learning the Qur'an is still one of the reasons for the low quality of education, especially in the ability to read the Qur'an. One of the efforts to increase motivation to learn to Read and Write the Qur'an is the use of online methods during the Covid-pandemic. 19 can be carried out by educators or teachers in the reading and writing subject of the Koran which is the basis of learning in Islam
 The low motivation of students in learning Al-Qur'an is still one of the reasons for the low quality of education, especially in the ability to read Al-Qur'an. So it can be said that motivation and learning achievement are directly proportional to the learning methods developed. One of the efforts to increase the motivation to learn to read and write al-quran is to use appropriate methods that can be used by educators or teachers in reading and writing al-Qur'an subjects which are the basis of learning in Islam.

The potential of online coaching to develop female entrepreneurial self-efficacy

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the potential of coaching to develop female entrepreneurship by overcoming potential barriers. It sought to understand how entrepreneurial self-efficacy can be applied to development relationships, through on-line coaching, examining changes in the four key elements of entrepreneurial self-efficacy enactive mastery, vicarious experiences, social persuasion and psychological arousal. The study examines the impact of coaching relationships on female entrepreneurial self-efficacy compared to a control group. The participant group was matched with coaches and undertook a structured six months’ coaching programme.Design/methodology/approachThis was a longitudinal study using a mixed methods approach. Questionnaires investigating entrepreneurial self-efficacy were collected at two time points for both the coaching and control group. After the first time point, the coaching group was supported through a six months coaching development programme. At the second time point, questionnaires were again completed by both groups and qualitative data gather via interviews with the coaching group.FindingsThe findings from this study showed that coaching relationships had a positive impact on coachees’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, compared to the control group in terms of enactive mastery, vicarious experience, social persuasion and psychological arousal. This suggests that coaching is a development intervention which can be used to enhance self-efficacy beliefs of female entrepreneurs, thereby increasing their chances of engaging in successful business creation and operation.Research limitations/implicationsThe group size was a problem, with four of the coaching group and ten of the control group dropping out. The coaching participants left the intervention due to personal reasons but no reason could be established for the control group participants leaving the study. The problem of ‘Type II’ was considered and in an attempt to overcome this problem, data were shown at below 10% (p < 0.10). It would also have been useful to collect more qualitative data from the control group.Practical implicationsAn online coaching programme provided by women for women, which is tailored to the individual, can support female entrepreneurs through the difficult stages of start-up and development phases of business development. Creating more successful women owned businesses will not only provide financial benefits, but should help provide additional entrepreneurial networks for women, as well as more positive female role models. Exposure to positive role models has been found to have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. This circular affect should in theory keep on increasing, if female entrepreneurs have access to the tailored support provided by coaching programmes such as the one used here.Social implicationsConsidering the current global economic climate, it is increasingly important for women to be supported in small business ownership (Denis, 2012). Countries which actively promote women entering into business ownership will ultimately share the gains in terms of wider issues, i.e. improving education and health, and economic growth (Harding, 2007). If female entrepreneurship is to be encouraged and supported, provision needs to be designed and developed based on female entrepreneurs’ needs and requirements, rather than simply conforming to traditional business support models.Originality/valueThis study contributes to learning and theoretical debates by providing an understanding of female entrepreneurs' needs with regard to business support and how this can be related to and supported by coaching. It also adds to the literature on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, coaching and learning by providing empirical evidence to illustrate how coaching interventions, including the use of online methods, can have a positive impact on female entrepreneurial self-efficacy.