Use Of Online Survey Research Articles

Drug product dispensing and estimates of use in a general population survey as a signal detection problem.

Understanding potential bias due to rarity of the outcome is important when monitoring newly approved drugs and drugs with low availability to the general public. Although there is an increasing use of online surveys to investigate health outcomes, the limits of inference due to drug availability have not been studied. The goal of this study was to quantify the relationship between dispensing of prescription drugs and estimates of use in an online general population survey. An online repeated, cross-sectional survey from 2018 to 2020 was used to estimate the number of adults in the United States who used prescription drugs in the general population and compared to estimated number of prescriptions dispensed over an equivalent time period. Joinpoint regression was used to quantify thresholds. A sample of respondents was retested to estimate reliability statistics. A model with a single threshold was the best fit, with the estimated threshold of 565 000 (95% CI: 9500-11 600 000) prescriptions dispensed per year. Above the threshold, there was a significant association between dispensing and estimates (p < 0.001); below the threshold, the relationship was not significant (p=0.912). Above the threshold, responses were more reliable than random chance, and reliability steadily increased with increased dispensing. These results suggest the threshold demarcates two distinct pharmacoepidemiological paradigms when investigating drug use in general population surveys. Dispensing can be used as a guide to determine the epidemiological paradigm that is best suited.

Effects of Bicultural Identity Integration and National Identity on COVID-19-Related Anxiety Among Ethnic Minority College Students: The Mediation Role of Power Values.

PurposeThe current study investigated the association between bicultural identity integration (BII, incorporating BII-harmony and BII-blendedness), national identity, and anxiety related to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among ethnic minority college students. In addition, this research examined the mediation role of power values in the relationship between BII, national identity, and COVID-19-related anxiety.MethodsThis cross-sectional research design made use of online surveys. Using convenience sampling, participants comprised 235 Chinese ethnic minority college students drawn from four colleges in the ethnic minority autonomous regions of China. Data were collected during June 2020. Participants mainly lived in ethnic minority communities or villages in southwest China before receiving higher education at urban campuses.ResultsCorrelation analysis revealed that BII-harmony, BII-blendedness, and national identity were significantly negatively correlated with COVID-19-related anxiety. Mediation model analysis showed that power values were significantly positively correlated with COVID-19-related anxiety. Power values play a mediating role in the relationship between BII-harmony, national identity, and COVID-19-related anxiety, and have an inhibitory effect on this relationship.ConclusionOur findings indicate that BII-harmony and national identity could have the function of protecting ethnic minority college students from COVID-19-related anxiety. Emphasizing individualistic personal power values could increase COVID-19-related anxiety, whereas a collectivist identity reduces anxiety. These findings could provide another perspective on psychological interventions to reduce anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessing Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences in Distance Education — A Case Study of LAUTECH Open and Distance Learning Centre (LODLC)

Open and Distance Education (ODE) has proven to be a viable alternative for teaching and learning with more inherent benefits compared to the traditional model of education. This mode of teaching and learning aimed at eradicating the challenges of the face-to-face mode of learning such as distance, age, work schedules, limited access and other factors that have made the face-to-face mode of learning rigid. ODE flexibility is evidenced in the ability of learners to learn ubiquitously at their own pace, anywhere, anytime using smartphones, laptops and desktop computers. As ODE grows and expands, the need to review its conceptual foundations, approaches and also to receive feedback from learners, employers and other stakeholders are becoming more imperative. This study employed an investigative approach via the use of online survey forms to elicit pertinent information regarding the learners’ perceptions and experiences at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Open and Distance Learning Centre (LODLC). A total number of 2362 LODLC students participated in the online survey out of a total learners’ population of about 5,000. 54% of the respondents confirmed the adequacy of the LMS and the course material modules with more than 60% being able to easily access and download course materials from the LMS, 57% of the respondents rated the e-tutors to be effective knowledge facilitators while 60% believed the e-tutors stimulated learners’ interest by providing satisfactory answers to questions asked. This information amongst others will help administrators and management of LODLC programmes to make informed decisions about the conduct of the centres’ activities and adjust accordingly where necessary to improve service delivery.

Identifying Sources of Potential Bias When Using Online Survey Data to Explore Horse Training, Management, and Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review

Owner-reported behavioural observations form an essential part of the veterinarians’ diagnosis and treatment plan. The way we train and manage horses affects their behaviour and, in turn, their health and welfare. Current horse training and management practices are largely driven by traditional techniques and longstanding methodologies. These approaches generally lack an evidence base for evaluation purposes. The absence of evidence and evaluation contributes to the persistent use of risky practices and this, in turn, increases risk of potential harms for both horse and rider, and fuels questioning of the equine industry’s current social license to operate. Objective evidence is required to make training and management decisions based on demonstrable best practice. Large-scale experimental or intervention studies using horses are generally not practical because of the associated costs and logistics of gaining ethical approval. Small studies generally lack statistical power and are subject to the effects of many forms of bias that demand caution in the interpretation of any observed effects. An alternative to collecting large amounts of empirical data is the use of owner-reported observations via online survey. Horse owners are ideally placed to report on the domestic equine triad of training, management, and behaviour. The current article highlights three sources of potential bias in a systematic review of literature on large-scale online studies of horse owners’ observational reports that met the following selection criteria: English-language, published, peer-reviewed articles reporting on studies with over 1000 respondents and open access to the survey instrument. The online surveys were evaluated for three common forms of bias: recall, confirmation, and sampling bias. This review reveals that online surveys are useful for gathering data on the triad of horse training, management, and behaviour. However, current use of online surveys to collect data on equitation science (including horse training, management, and behaviour) could be improved by using a standardised and validated tool. Such a tool would facilitate comparisons among equine and equitation science studies, thus advancing our understanding of the impacts of training and management on horse behaviour. The authors of the current review suggest the use of a standardised behavioural and management assessment tool for horses. Such a tool would help define what constitutes normal behaviour within geographically disparate populations of horses, leading to improvements in rider safety and horse welfare.

Social Media, Web, and Panel Surveys: Using Non‐Probability Samples in Social and Policy Research

The use of online surveys has grown rapidly in social science and policy research, surpassing more established methods. We argue that a better understanding is needed, especially of the strengths and weaknesses of non‐probability online surveys, which can be conducted relatively quickly and cheaply. We describe two common approaches to non‐probability online surveys—river and panel sampling—and theorize their inherent selection biases: namely, topical self‐selection and economic self‐selection. We conduct an empirical comparison of two river samples (Facebook and web‐based sample) and one panel sample (from a major survey research company) with benchmark data grounded in a comprehensive population registry. The river samples diverge from the benchmark on demographic variables and yield much higher frequencies on non‐demographic variables, even after demographic adjustments; we attribute this to topical self‐selection. The panel sample is closer to the benchmark. When examining the characteristics of a non‐demographic subpopulation, we detect no differences between the river and panel samples. We conclude that non‐probability online surveys do not replace probability surveys, but augment the researcher's toolkit with new digital practices, such as exploratory studies of small and emerging non‐demographic subpopulations.

Perceptions of teachers, principals and school supervisors on students' skills using ICT in learning in the Senior High School

This study examined on status of school (public and private school) differences for the perceptions of participats (teachers,principals and school supervisors ) in eleven senior high school on the students skills of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Tanjungpinang city, Kepulauan Riau Province,Indonesia. Data was taken by the use of online survey in 2016 who conducted by the Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education of the Republic of Indonesia. We accumulate data from 310 respondents, they are 11 principals, 9 supervisors and 290 teachers on the eleven senior high school of Tanjungpinang district, Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia. Data analysis was done using quantitative analysis, the first using descriptive statistics mainly percentages perceptions of the principal, supervisor and teachers toward skill’s students using ICT in learning, the second to inferential statistical analysis of non parametric statistics Mann Whitney to test alternative hypothesis that there are significant difference skill’s students among public school and private school. SPSS software was used to analyze data.The results of the study shown that no different significantly on the students skill on use of computer in learning between public and private school (sig = 0.057), and there are different significantly on the students skill on use of mobile phone in learning between public and private school (sig = 0.001) and last result showed that there are different significantly on the students skill on use of internet in learning between public and private school (sig = 0.026).

Perceptions of teachers, principals and school supervisors on students' skills using ICT in learning in the Senior High School

This study examined on status of school (public and private school) differences for the perceptions of participats (teachers,principals and school supervisors ) in eleven senior high school on the students skills of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Tanjungpinang city, Kepulauan Riau Province,Indonesia. Data was taken by the use of online survey in 2016 who conducted by the Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education of the Republic of Indonesia. We accumulate data from 310 respondents, they are 11 principals, 9 supervisors and 290 teachers on the eleven senior high school of Tanjungpinang district, Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia. Data analysis was done using quantitative analysis, the first using descriptive statistics mainly percentages perceptions of the principal, supervisor and teachers toward skill’s students using ICT in learning, the second to inferential statistical analysis of non parametric statistics Mann Whitney to test alternative hypothesis that there are significant difference skill’s students among public school and private school. SPSS software was used to analyze data.The results of the study shown that no different significantly on the students skill on use of computer in learning between public and private school (sig = 0.057), and there are different significantly on the students skill on use of mobile phone in learning between public and private school (sig = 0.001) and last result showed that there are different significantly on the students skill on use of internet in learning between public and private school (sig = 0.026).

Достижимость узких целевых групп в социально-экономических исследованиях методом онлайн опроса (Reachability of Narrow Target Groups in Socio-Economic Research Using Online Survey)

Russian Abstract: Препринт написан по результатам серии методических экспериментов, проведенных Лабораторией методологии социальных исследований РАНХиГС в 2018 году. В работе рассматриваются познавательные возможности онлайн опросов для изучения узких, труднодоступных целевых групп. Ключевой вопрос при изучении специфических аудиторий – поиск и привлечение к участию респондентов. Для решения этой задачи в исследованиях была апробирована потоковая выборка – подход к проектированию выборки не типичный для российского опыта. На основе методического анализа двух онлайн опросов анализируется достижимость представителей таких групп как трудовые мигранты и люди с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (ОВЗ). Результатом проведенной методической работы стали разработка методики оценки достижимости и рекомендации по применению онлайн опросов при изучении узких целевых групп. English Abstract: The preprint was written based on the results of a series of methodological experiments conducted by the Laboratory for Social Research Methodology of the RANEPA in 2018. The paper discusses the cognitive possibilities of online surveys to study narrow, hard-to-reach target groups. The key issue in the study of specific audiences - the search and involvement of respondents. To solve this problem, a stream sample was tested in studies — an approach to sample design is not typical of the Russian experience. Based on a methodological analysis of two online surveys, the attainability of representatives of such groups as labor migrants and people with disabilities (HIA) is analyzed. The result of the methodological work was the development of a methodology for assessing accessibility and recommendations on the use of online surveys in the study of narrow target groups.

Use of Online or Paper Surveys by Australian Women: Longitudinal Study of Users, Devices, and Cohort Retention.

BackgroundThere is increasing use of online surveys to improve data quality and timeliness and reduce costs. While there have been numerous cross-sectional studies comparing responses to online or paper surveys, there is little research from a longitudinal perspective.ObjectiveIn the context of the well-established Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, we examined the patterns of responses to online or paper surveys across the first two waves of the study in which both modes were offered. We compared the following: differences between women born between 1946 and 1951 and between 1973 and 1978; types of device used for online completion; sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics of women who responded online or using mailed paper surveys; and associations between mode of completion in the first survey and participation and mode of completion in the second survey.MethodsParticipants in this study, who had responded to regular mailed surveys since 1996, were offered a choice of completing surveys using paper questionnaires or Web-based electronic questionnaires starting in 2012. Two groups of women were involved: an older cohort born between 1946 and 1951 aged in their 60s and a younger cohort born between 1973 and 1978 aged in their 30s when the online surveys were first introduced. We compared women who responded online on both occasions, women who responded online at the first survey and used the paper version of the second survey, women who changed from paper to online, and those who used paper for both surveys.ResultsOf the 9663 women in their 60s who responded to one or both surveys, more than 50% preferred paper surveys (5290/9663, 54.74%, on the first survey and 5373/8621, 62.32%, on the second survey). If they chose the online version, most used computers. In contrast, of the 8628 women in their 30s, 56.04% (4835/8628) chose the online version at the first survey. While most favored computers to phones or tablets, many did try these alternatives on the subsequent survey. Many women who completed the survey online the first time preferred the paper version on the subsequent survey. In fact, for women in their 60s, the number who went from online to paper (1151/3851, 29.89%) exceeded the number who went from paper to online (734/5290, 13.88%). The online option was more likely to be chosen by better educated and healthier women. In both cohorts, women who completed paper surveys were more likely than online completers to become nonrespondents on the next survey. Due to the large sample size, almost all differences were statistically significant, with P<.001.ConclusionsDespite the cost-saving advantages of online compared to paper surveys, paper surveys are likely to appeal to a different population of potential respondents with different sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics and greater likelihood of attrition from the study. Not offering a paper version is therefore likely to induce bias in the distribution of responses unless weighting for respondent characteristics (relative to the target population) is employed. Therefore, if mixed mode (paper or online) options are feasible, they are highly likely to produce more representative results than if only the less costly online option is offered.

Randomised controlled trial of incentives to improve online survey completion among internet-using men who have sex with men

BackgroundHIV prevention research often involves the use of online surveys as data collection instruments. Incomplete responses to these surveys can introduce bias. We aimed to develop and assess innovative methods...

PRM136 - A PILOT OF ONLINE SURVEY SOFTWARE FOR EXPERT ELICITATION AT NICE

Clinical experts are routinely relied on to fill evidence gaps during development of health and care guidance. Use of online surveys to elicit information could help improve engagement, reduce time constraints and standardise methods within health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. This project assessed the use of online surveys for expert elicitation using published National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance as a case study. We administered online surveys to 12 clinicians, using an evidence based protocol to develop questions and conduct the exercise. Respondents were asked to estimate means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for economic model input parameters where high-quality evidence was lacking. A second round of elicitation was conducted by email, where experts were invited to amend their estimates in light of aggregated responses (with no aim to achieve consensus). Seven (58%) clinical experts completed the online survey. Response rates were poor for some questions, particularly where respondents were asked to give 95% CIs around their estimates. Values derived from elicited information were suitable for use as model input parameters but often only represented responses from one or two individuals. The second round of elicitation had little impact on the results. Use of online surveys did not appear to improve expert engagement compared with current methods (typically use of email). Responses were often poor for questions requiring estimation of means and CIs, possibly reflecting areas of high uncertainty. However, use of online surveys did allow a standardised set of questions to be presented to experts remotely, in a user-friendly format, and generated outputs suitable for use in guidance-making. Use of standardised question sets may be beneficial to support expert elicitation in the context of HTA, but the approach will require further development to fit the time and resource constraints precluding widespread use by NICE.

Reducing Turnout Misreporting in Online Surveys

Assessing individual-level theories of electoral participation requires survey-based measures of turnout. Yet, due to a combination of sampling problems and respondent misreporting, postelection surveys routinely overestimate turnout, often by large margins. Using an online survey experiment fielded after the 2015 British general election, we implement three alternative survey questions aimed at correcting for turnout misreporting and test them against a standard direct turnout question used in postelection studies. Comparing estimated to actual turnout rates, we find that while all question designs overestimate aggregate turnout, the item-count technique alleviates the misreporting problem substantially, whereas a direct turnout question with additional face-saving options and a crosswise model design help little or not at all. Also, regression models of turnout estimated using the item-count measure yield substantively similar inferences regarding the correlates of electoral participation to models estimated using “gold-standard” validated vote measures. These findings stand in contrast to those suggesting that item-count techniques do not help with misreporting in an online setting and are particularly relevant given the increasing use of online surveys in election studies.

Development and evaluation of an online educational resource about cancer survivorship for cancer nurses: a mixed-methods sequential study.

Cancer survivorship is recognised globally as a key issue. In spite of the key role played by nurses in survivorship care, there is an identified gap in nurse's knowledge in this area. This study reports on the development and evaluation of an educational resource for nurses working with people affected by cancer. The resource was designed using adult learning principles and includes a variety of learning materials and point of care resources. A mixed-methods sequential exploratory design was used to undertake an evaluation of the programme. This included the use of online surveys and semi-structured interviews with pilot participants. A total of 21 participants completed an online survey and 11 participants completed a telephone interview. Overall, the participants found the Cancer Survivorship resource to be engaging, practical and intuitive. A major theme emerging from the survey and interview data was that the resource was applicable to practice and useful in developing survivorship care plans. Respondents requested additional information be included on the role of various health professionals working in survivorship as well as guidelines on when to make referrals. This study provides evidence that the Cancer Survivorship tool may be a promising vehicle for delivering evidence-based education on survivorship care.

Using Online Survey with 'Google Apps' to Improve Patient's Relationships on KMC

Introduction – The development of information technology nowadays makes computer-assisted surveys increasingly popular. Current methods of computer assisted survey category are the internet survey or online survey. The superiority of the online survey compared to offline survey is the ability to collect and monitor the progress of the survey in much faster way than the offline or manual survey. The use of online survey in the hospital quality research has been done a lot of times. I suggest that the use of the online survey will improve the response rate compared to the manual survey. I draw a hypothesis that online survey response rate is higher than the manual survey response rate in the context of hospital services.Methodology – I made an online survey using Google applications. The design was made in case-control by using a comparison before and after switched to the online version. Data collection was done four times in four months. April and May 2015 were the data collection of manual survey, while the online survey was done in June and July 2015. Analyses were performed by descriptive analytic and mean different test. Samples targets were determined by the procedure of onesample z-test as many as 1,051 people to get a difference of 0.05 and a power of 0.90.Results – It appears that manual survey is only in the range of 61-69%. Meanwhile, the rate of online questionnaires filling rate reached between 83-92%. These results show that the efficiency of filling in the questionnaire is much higher when distributed online to Kemang Medical Care (KMC) patients, rather than the offline one. On the average, the mean of online filling in was 88%, while the manual one was only 65%. These results reflect that online questionnaire bring more respondents than manually filling in the questionnaire.Discussion – Research in the context of health care using online survey with Google-based apps is expected to increase patient relationship because it has higher response rate than the manual survey. Our study that was conducted in Kemang Medical Care (KMC), suggests that online survey gives higher response rate than manual surveys. This can replace the manual survey that is not environmentally friendly, long completed, error-prone, low accuracy, and little involvement.

Illegal captive lemurs in Madagascar: Comparing the use of online and in-person data collection methods.

Although it is illegal to capture, sell, and trade lemurs, the live capture of lemurs in Madagascar is ongoing and may have impacted over 28,000 lemurs between 2010 and 2013. Only one study has examined this trade and did so using in-person interviews in northern Madagascar. The current study sought to expand this existing dataset and examine the comparability of online surveys to more traditional on-location data collection methods. In this study, we collected data through a web-based survey resulting in 302 sightings of 685 captive lemurs. We also collected data from 171 hotel and 43 restaurant websites and social media profiles. Survey submissions included sightings of 30 species from 10 genera, nearly twice as many species as identified via the in-person interviews. Lemur catta, Varecia variegata, and Eulemur fulvus were the most common species sighted in captivity. Captive lemurs were reported in 19 of Madagascar's 22 administrative regions and most were seen in urban areas near their habitat ranges. This represents a wider geographic distribution of captive lemurs than previously found through in-person interviews. The online survey results were broadly similar to those of the in-person surveys though greater in species and geographic diversity demonstrating advantages to the use of online surveys. The online research methods were low in cost (USD $100) compared to on-location data collection (USD $12,000). Identified disadvantages included sample bias; most of the respondents to the online survey were researchers and many captive sightings were near study sites. The results illustrate the benefits of incorporating a social science approach using online surveys as a complement to traditional fieldwork. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22541, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Doing Online Surveys: Zum Einsatz in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Raumforschung

Empirical social research made use of online surveys since the mid-1990s. However, there is no significant methodological debate about this empirical tool in socio-scientific regional studies. In this paper, we delineate the online survey methodology, their advantages and disadvantages as well as potential contexts of application. Online surveys are useful especially for explorative and experimental quantitative research projects that deal with complex and new socio-spatial phenomena. Based on these observations, we will present practical experience with online survey research from three projects in the field of socio-scientific regional studies. We will focus on questionnaire design, sampling and technical solutions. The results show that particularly for studies on highly mobile social groups online surveys are an appropriate and powerful tool for data collection. Given that mobility and multilocality are more and more characterizing our societies and thus impact spatial structures, we argue that online surveys are underused as a method for the exploration of new trends and phenomena in socio-scientific regional studies. Based on these insights, we present a catalogue of questions that should allow interested regional scientists to evaluate the applicability of online surveys when conceptualizing new research projects.

Word Recall: Cognitive Performance Within Internet Surveys.

BackgroundThe use of online surveys for data collection has increased exponentially, yet it is often unclear whether interview-based cognitive assessments (such as face-to-face or telephonic word recall tasks) can be adapted for use in application-based research settings.ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to compare and characterize the results of online word recall tasks to those of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and determine the feasibility and reliability of incorporating word recall tasks into application-based cognitive assessments.MethodsThe results of the online immediate and delayed word recall assessment, included within the Women’s Health and Valuation (WHV) study, were compared to the results of the immediate and delayed recall tasks of Waves 5-11 (2000-2012) of the HRS.ResultsPerformance on the WHV immediate and delayed tasks demonstrated strong concordance with performance on the HRS tasks (ρc=.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.91), despite significant differences between study populations (P<.001) and study design. Sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported memory demonstrated similar relationships with performance on both the HRS and WHV tasks.ConclusionsThe key finding of this study is that the HRS word recall tasks performed similarly when used as an online cognitive assessment in the WHV. Online administration of cognitive tests, which has the potential to significantly reduce participant and administrative burden, should be considered in future research studies and health assessments.

Assessment of Gender Policy in Selected Tertiary Agricultural Education Institutions in Africa

The paper assesses the existing gender policy document in fourteen (14) selected agricultural faculties and colleges in tertiary institutions in Africa. This paper is an output of research report on Programme of Strengthening Africa’s Strategic Agricultural Capacity for Impact on Development (SASACID) implemented by the African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources Education (ANAFE). Data for the study were collected from 207 respondents (8 deans of ANAFE SASACID pilot institutions, 36 academic staff/lecturers of SASACID pilot institutions and 163 students of SASACID pilot institutions) through the use of online survey. Data collected were analysed and presented using frequency, percentage and charts. Results of the survey revealed that 25.0% of the institutions studied indicated that they had a formal gender policy document in place in their institutions with regards to staff recruitment and students’ admission, while about 25.0% had an informal gender practices on staff recruitment and students’ admission. Higher proportion (60.0%) of the institution had neither a formal policy document nor informal practices as regards staff recruitment and students admission. Some of the constraints faced by the Institutions with a gender policy were insufficient female applicants in agricultural courses, societal norms and remote location of some of the faculties/colleges of agriculture. To encourage both males and females to study agriculture in higher institutions of learning and to create and sustain a fair and just academic environment where both have equal opportunities, there is a need to have a gender policy document and the need to create awareness.

Online and paper‐based survey data: Are they equivalent?

The use of online survey questionnaires for research has multiplied in tandem with the growth and advancement of the Internet (Dillman, 2000). Some reasons why researchers are drawn to online surveys are that they are lower in costs. This is done by eliminating the need to print and mail paper surveys and having the survey data returned in an electronic format (Sills & Song, 2002). Secondly, online survey allows for data to be collected within a short time frame and from respondents from diverse backgrounds and locations. Thirdly, a higher participation rate can be obtained by including pictures, colours and other elements in the online surveys that appeal to the target respondents (Lefever, Dal & Matthiasdottir, 2007). Despite the benefits of using online surveys, there is no consensus among researchers that the online survey is better than the traditional method (paper based). For example, the use of online surveys presupposes access to the Internet and this excludes respondents who face telecommunications infrastructure and connection issues. This is particularly true among participant in the developing countries. In addition, there are security and data integrity issues caused by respondents who may pose as different people and those who have concerns about confidentiality. For this reason, many researchers who use online survey also rely on the paper‐based version. In so doing, it is important to determine if participants would respond in the same manner to online and paper‐based surveys. If people answer differently because the features on the Internet shape their responses, data quality will suffer and confidence in the validity of the results may be affected (Carini, Hayek, Kuh, Kennedy & Ouimet, 2003)...

O16.1 The Behavioural Impact of Chlamydia Testing and Attitudes Towards Testing Among Young Adults in England

BackgroundIn England, the National Chlamydia Screening Programme aims to control chlamydia infection in young adults (aged 15–24 years old) through opportunistic testing. This study aimed to investigate the impact of...