Use Of Non-conventional Methods Research Articles

Dimensionality switching and superconductivity transition in dense 1T−HfSe2

The quest for new transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with outstanding electronic properties is a particularly significant and interesting subject. The use of nonconventional methods of materials synthesis, especially pressure engineering, shows great potential for breakthrough discoveries in TMDs. Here, we employ the high-pressure techniques to successfully realize the transformation of two-dimensional semiconductor into three-dimensional superconducting states in $1T\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{HfSe}}_{2}$. We unambiguously demonstrate that the enhancement of the interlayer coupling and the bonding between interlayer Se-Se atoms contribute to the emergence of nonlayered $C2/m$ and $I4/mmm$ phases. The discovered three-dimensional (3D) structures present excellent superconductivity compared to the original layered structure, and the superconducting critical temperature reaches a maximum of 5.8 K at around 50 GPa. Theoretical calculations reveal that the realization of superconductivity in these two 3D structures is related to the increase in the density of states at the Fermi surface $[N({\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{f})]$. The present results in ${\mathrm{HfSe}}_{2}$ may provide a platform for our deep understanding of the relationship among dimensionality, structure, and superconductivity phenomena in TMDs.

High Biological Value Compounds Extraction from Citrus Waste with Non-Conventional Methods.

Citrus fruits are extensively grown and much consumed around the world. Eighteen percent of total citrus cultivars are destined for industrial processes, and as a consequence, large amounts of waste are generated. Citrus waste is a potential source of high biological value compounds, which can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries but whose final disposal may pose a problem due to economic and environmental factors. At the same time, the emerging need to reduce the environmental impact of citrus waste and its responsible management has increased. For these reasons, the study of the use of non-conventional methods to extract high biological value compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, essential oils, and pectins from this type of waste has become more urgent in recent years. In this review, the effectiveness of technologies such as ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized water extraction, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electric discharges, and high hydrostatic pressures is described and assessed. A wide range of information concerning the principal non-conventional methods employed to obtain high-biological-value compounds from citrus waste as well as the most influencing factors about each technology are considered.

Disinfestation of Wheat Infested with Sitophilus oryzae Using Ozone Gas

The use of non-conventional methods in the management of stored product insect pests is gaining popularity, particularly due to problems associated with chemical control. The effect of ozone on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an internal feeder of stored wheat and other grains, was investigated using dose-response experiments. Eggs, immature stages within wheat kernels, and adults were exposed to an ozone concentration of 200 ppm for 6, 18, and 30 h. Insect life stages were placed at a depth of 5, 15, and 25 cm in wheat filled in PVC pipes. Effect of ozone on S. oryzae life stages was evaluated as the percent mortality of treated eggs, immature stages, and adults. Egg mortality was recorded as the percentage of eggs that failed to hatch 10 d after treatment (DAT), and mortality in immature stages was recorded as the percentage of immature insects that failed to develop into adults 28 DAT at 28°C. Mortality of adults was recorded as the percentage that died 0, 1, and 2 DAT. Egg mortality at the 5 cm depth in wheat exposed to ozone for 30 h was significantly higher than the mortality when exposed for 18 h. When the three depths were compared, at 18 h and 30 h exposure times, fewer adults emerged from immature insects placed at 5 cm compared with insects placed at 15 or 25 cm depths. Adult mortality in insects placed at the 5 cm depth for all exposure times was significantly higher than at 15 and 25 cm at 2 DAT. Findings from this study suggest that ozone may be an effective fumigant; however, mortality of S. oryzae life stages is dependent on the exposure time, depth of occurrence in the wheat mass, or post treatment time (DAT).

‘Clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled: The antagonistic intrusion of indigenous knowledge systems to the detriment of contemporary educational developments

Background: The use of non-conventional methods of measurement is a long-established practice in most societies. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of non-conventional methods of measurement in the placement of children in schools in general and the ‘clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled age measurement practice in particular. To expose the shortfalls of a classroom setup in which age-for-grade enrolment is distorted. Setting: Zimbabwe. Methods: Literature review and researchers experiences. Results: The use of non-conventional methods has both pros and cons. The practice can be hailed for showing the indigenous knowledge systems as giving, to an extent, transparent and accurate maturity prediction ways that require preservation. However, it works perfectly for people of average height while prejudicing the outliers. The immediate conspicuous consequence is the late enrolment of the affected. In the case of the ‘clutch-the-ear’ and get enrolled measure, findings are discussed below. Conclusion: The use of non-conventional methods of age measurement unobtrusively upsets education quality through facilitating stereotyping, discrimination and age-heterogeneous classes. Researchers propose a ‘backward-integration-enrolment’ strategy; getting into communities to enrol not to wait for the community to bring children to school.

Machining and characterization of self-reinforced polymers

This Paper focuses on obtaining the mechanical properties and the effect of the different machining techniques on self-reinforced composites sample and to derive the best machining method with remarkable properties. Each sample was tested by the Tensile and Flexural tests, fabricated using hot compaction test and those loads were calculated. These composites are machined using conventional methods because of lack of advanced machinery in most of the industries. The advanced non-conventional methods like Abrasive water jet machining were used. These machining techniques are used to get the better output for the composite materials with good mechanical properties compared to conventional methods. But the use of non-conventional methods causes the changes in the work piece, tool properties and more economical compared to the conventional methods. Finding out the best method ideal for the designing of these Self Reinforced Composites with and without defects and the use of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis for the comparing the microstructure of the PP and PE samples concludes our process.

Методические особенности физической реабилитации спортсменов с внутрисуставными повреждениями голеностопного сустава на амбулаторном этапе

Purpose: the analysis of modern approaches to application of means and forms of physical rehabilitation of sportsmen with intra articulate injuries of ankle joint at the out-patient stage. Material & Methods: the analysis of urgent special references on the problem of treatment and rehabilitation at intra articulate injuries of ankle joint. Results: it is defined that together with the broad application of traditional complex techniques of medical physical culture, classical massage and physical therapy, the percent of use of nonconventional methods of non-drug therapy grows objectively and significantly in the last decade in physical rehabilitation. Conclusions: the connected application of east bath and special techniques of east massage for rehabilitation of sportsmen with intra articulate injuries of ankle joint at the out-patient stage in special literature is described not enough that in turn demands the additional practical researches among methods of non-drug therapy.

Design of Interface Circuit and Biosensor Fabrication using Inkjet Printer for the Detection of Glucose

Objectives: The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the use of non conventional methods for printing of biosensors and development of appropriate electronic circuits and embedded systems for detection of glucose. Methods/Statistical analysis: Biosensor Fabrication requries clean room and high investment, In this paper, an attempt is made to design and fabricate biosensor using inkjet printer and the printed sensor is interfaced with signal conditioning and processing unit to detect change in the glucose concentration of the solution to be tested. Findings: Biosensors of various configurations have been modeled using online simulator and have been verified for their characteristics and properties based on software simulations. One of the key challenges in biosensor is fabrication process of biosensors.The serpentine and circular structures sensors are fabricatd and interfaced with signal conditioning circuit and controller. The patterns are printed using silvernitrate solution and the sensor is interfaced with wheatstone bridge and signal conditioning units. The sensing is carried out using reference circuit and the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) circuit. Interface circuit and ADC is configured on Programmable System-on-Chip (PSOC) which are interfaced with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for display for readings. Application/Improvements: The circular designed biosensor is reliable than the serpentine structure and has more than 40% improvement in sensitivity in glucose detection.

ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances and Perspectives in the Synthesis of Bioactive Coumarins

AbstractReview: 72 refs.

Методические особенности физической реабилитации пострадавших с последствиями минно-взрывной травмы

Purpose: the analysis of modern approaches to application of means and forms of physical rehabilitation of victims with mine and explosive trauma at an out-patient stage. Material & Methods: the analysis of actual special references on a problem of the mechanism of defeat, treatment and rehabilitation of consequences of mine and explosive trauma. Results: it is defined that the percent of use of nonconventional methods of non-drug therapy increases objectively and significantly in the last decade in physical rehabilitation along with a broad application of traditional complex techniques of medical physical culture, massage and physical therapy. Conclusions: kinesiotherapy, hydro-bathing technologies, reflexotherapy are most demanded in practical techniques of physical rehabilitation at mine and explosive trauma for today among methods of non-drug therapy.

THE RECENT USE OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY FOR RESEARCH

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method that analysis cardiac autonomic regulation1,2.The use of this method was previously validated in physiological experiments3,4,which performed pharmacological stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and made relationship with the traditional time and frequency domain analysis of HRV, confirming the use of this method to evaluate cardiac autonomic regulation. Moreover, HRV has also been used to predict mortality after cardiacevents5 and it has been considered as a marker of stress6. An easy and economic access to HRV analysis through heart rate monitors, which are well recognized in the literature7, 8 helped researches to use this method to evaluate cardiac autonomic regulation.In the last 15 years this method has received great attention.After a careful search on Pubmed/Medline, the term “heart rate variability” was present in 1,013 manuscripts in 2014, in 2013 this number was 972 and in 2012 it was 7299. We realize that each year the number of groups that use HRV in their studies has considerably increased. In this context, I raise points that are worth to mention. Firstly, advantages includeadditional information for cardiac autonomic responses in pathological situations10-12, during physiological stress13,14, association with social function15 for instance. It is currently clear that autonomic nervous system is related to several conditions. Nevertheless, before starting to study HRV analysis,relevant details of this method should be discussed in order to avoid misunderstanding of results. For example, HRV consider the interval between consecutive heart beats2, reflecting parasympathetic and sympathetic cardiac autonomic modulation, it does not directly measures sympathetic or parasympathetic activity. There are different methods that quantify it, i.e. plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine16, renal sympathetic nerve activity17and parasympathetic nerve activity18. In 1996, the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology published methodological considerations regarding traditional time and frequency domain analysis of HRV2. This seminal publication aimed to permit appropriate comparisons.Since then, new methods related to the chaos theory applied on organic systems and heart rate dynamics has been investigated19. This year the European Society of Cardiology together with the European Heart Rhythm Association and co-endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society reviewed the literature abovementioned in 199619. They addressed the use of non-conventional methods (nonlinear) which had been used in a significant number of patients (more than 200 cases) finding only 21 studies from the thousands already published. They described in details nonlinear methods as Detrended fluctuation analysis with a1 and a2 components, Hurst Exponent, Correlation Dimension and Largest Lyapunov Exponent. In this sense, I take this opportunity to reinforce attention of researchers around the world to keep being extremely careful when using HRV for their analysis. Important factors are necessary to consider, such as sample frequency to use when digitalizing the electrocardiogram, filtering records, caution with stationary data andwhether to interpolate an electrocardiogram to enhance accuracy of R wave. Therefore, investigators around the world will keep helping us to discover the unlimited mysteries of science. The current number of the Journal of Human Growth and Development is composed by a total of 15 original manuscripts. The journal keeps

Microwave and ultrasound enhanced extractive-transesterification of algal lipids

The use of non-conventional methods namely microwaves and ultrasound for extractive-transesterification of algal lipids (Chlorella, sp.) using ethanol as a solvent was investigated. Microwaves and ultrasound possess unique enhancing (thermal and non-thermal) mechanisms that can assist in successful and simultaneous extraction and transesterification of algal lipids in a very short reaction time. This paper presents a comparative study of microwave and ultrasound effects on the algal biodiesel production. The following conditions were determined as optimum through experimental studies: (1) microwaves – 1:12 algae to ethanol (wt./vol.) or 1:500 (molar) ratio; 2wt.% catalyst; 5–6min reaction time at 350W microwave power; and (2) ultrasound – 1:6–9 algae to ethanol (wt./vol.) or 1:250–375 (molar) ratio; 2wt.% catalyst; 6min reaction time at 490W ultrasound power. The highest fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yields and conversions for microwave and ultrasound methods were 18.8%; 18.5% (yields) and 96.2%; 95.0% (conversions) respectively. In comparison, ultrasound method resulted in higher FAEE yield and conversion at low solvent ratios while microwaves were able to produce better results at lower power levels compared to ultrasound. The two methods performed better than the conventional bench-top Bligh and Dyer method which followed a two-step extraction and transesterification method with FAEE yields and conversions of 13.9% and 78.1% respectively.

Alternative medicine: Implications for the surgeon

Alternative medicine: Implications for the surgeon