Use Of Nandrolone Decanoate Research Articles

Nandrolone decanoate safely combats catabolism in burned patients: A new potential indication after recall

IntroductionThe hyper-catabolic state is a devastating pathophysiological response to severe injury, infection or burns. Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a potent anabolic steroid have many clinical indications, but not investigated in burn injuries yet. Patients and methodsA prospective randomized control study included 40 burned patients who were treated in Burn unit from burn injuries ranged from 20 to 40%. Both groups are objectively assessed, clinically and laboratory during treatment period till full recovery from burns’ injury. Recall assessment of the drug safety after many years is achieved. ResultsND showed highly significant results supporting its use in combating catabolic insults in burns patient. Both clinical findings and laboratory findings are correlated and highly support the use of ND in burns as new effective and safe long-lasting indication. ConclusionThis study results showed preservation of lean body mass and protein partition, as well as the near normal nitrogen balance in burn patients. Study proposes that nandrolone decanoate could be used in safe and effective way to combat hypercatabolic impact in burn injury.

Protective Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropins on Rat Ovarian Structure Following Use of Nandrolone Decanoate: From a Histological Standpoint

Protective Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropins on Rat Ovarian Structure Following Use of Nandrolone Decanoate: From a Histological Standpoint

The Experience with the Use of Nandrolone Decanoate and Pyritinol in Children with Cerebral Palsy

The Experience with the Use of Nandrolone Decanoate and Pyritinol in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat testis.

ObjectiveNandrolone decanoate (ND) is an anabolic-androgenic steroid frequently used for clinical treatment. However, the inappropriate use of ND results in the reduction of serum testosterone level and sperm production. The suppressive effect of ND on testosterone production has not been investigated in detail. The present study was designed to examine the effect of ND on the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat testis.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats at 50 days of age were subcutaneously administrated with either 2 or 10 mg of ND/kg body weight/week for 2 or 12 weeks. The changes of transcript and protein levels of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses, respectively. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis was employed to determine the changes of immunostaining intensity of these enzymes. The steroidogenic enzymes investigated were steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme, 17α-hydroxylase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 aromatase.ResultsThe treatment of ND resulted in depletion of Leydig cells and sloughing of germ cells in the testis. The ND treatment caused significant expressional decreases of steroidogenic enzymes at transcript and protein levels, and the destructive effects of ND on the testis were more apparent with a higher dose and a longer period of the treatment. Evident reduction of immunostaining intensity present in Leydig cells was clearly detected by the ND treatment.ConclusionThe exposure to ND in young male results not only in histological changes of the testis but also in aberrant gene expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes, consequently leading into the reduction of testosterone production in the testis and thus likely disruption of spermatogenesis.

Use of Nandrolone Decanoate in Treatment of Pure Red Cell Aplasia Secondary to Diclofenac Administration: A Case Report

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a disorder that leads to a nonregenerative anemia that results from erythroid precursors failing to reach maturity in the bone marrow, whereas the numbers of mature myeloid and megakaryocytic cells remain normal. PRCA can be induced by autoimmune processes, infections, drugs, toxins, and radiation, and is diagnosed by a bone marrow cytology examination after excluding the most common causes of nonregenerative anemia. Immunosuppressive therapies are used to treat PRCA, and usually involve the use of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, or azathioprine. Alternatively, although little studied in veterinary medicine, drugs which stimulate bone marrow (e.g., nandrolone decanoate) have been mentioned as possible therapeutic agents. A case of PRCA that presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UNESP)-Botucatu, Brazil showed a good therapeutic response to weekly administration of nandrolone decanoate. Therefore, it was concluded that bone marrow stimulants might improve the quality of life of PRCA patients, provided they are used with caution and under close clinical supervision.

Uterine morphological changes induced by androgenic anabolic steroids

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological alterations in uterus induced by the irrational use of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS), particularly Nandrolone decanoate (ND). Methods: This paper presents a retrospective study of scientific articles available in full and free electronic access, using the platform PubMed in Portuguese and English, that reviews the effects of isolated ND use on the uterus and reproductive parameters in experimental animals. Results: AAS besides causing various systemic effects, in certain experimental animals alters uterine histological patterns. Histological analysis of the uterus of rats treated with ND showed deleterious effects, i.e., vacuolization and edema of the endometrial stroma. Conclusions: Thus, we conclude that use of ND shows high reproductive risks and can cause both damages and irreversible physiological changes.

Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise training favor the occurrence of lesions and activate the inflammatory response in the ventral prostate.

Age is a key factor in the development of prostatic lesions. An increase in reactive oxygen species levels occurs during aging. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of anabolic androgenic steroids and physical exercise alter the availability of hormones and may promote the appearance of lesions. This study examined whether the use of nandrolone decanoate (ND), associated or not with resistance exercise training, affects the pathways related to the inflammatory response in the ventral prostate of adult and aged rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into eight experimental groups: sedentary with ND, sedentary without ND, exercise with ND, and exercise without ND. The animals performed resistance exercise training and received ND two times/week (5mg/kg, i.m.) for 8weeks. Adult rats were killed immediately following treatment completion, and aged rats remained untreated until reaching 300days of age. The adult animals that received ND and performed resistance exercise training showed a higher occurrence of lesions with TLR4 activation. Marked IL-6 expression occurred in the group that performed resistance exercise training. The group exposed to ND showed overexpression of TLR2, TLR4, NOX1, Nrf2, TNF-α, and P38MAPK. The animals that received ND and performed training showed increase levels of NFκB, IRF3, IL-6, TNF-α, and NOX1. TLR2 and TLR4 showed no upregulation in the aged animals. The groups exercise+ND showed lesions in the adult stage and after aging, followed by molecular alterations. We concluded that nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise training can promote the onset of prostatic tumors in the adult stage, and during aging, activating pathways involved in the inflammatory response.

Validation of Reference Genes for qPCR Analysis of Resistance Training and Androgenic Anabolic Steroids on Hypothalamus, Adrenal Gland and Fat Tissue

Background: Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is a technique used for quantification of gene expression and the use of reference genes is very important to normalize the quantification results. Aim: To validate the most suitable reference genes for resistance exercise training (REx) and use of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) in three different rat tissues. Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: exposed to vehicle three times per week (wk) (CT); eight wk of REx exposed to vehicle three times per wk (T); exposed to DECA three times per wk (D); eight wk of REx exposed to DECA three times per wk (TD). Stability of the following genes was evaluated: beta actin (Actb), alpha Tubulin (Tubulin), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (Hprt1) and 18s Ribossomal RNA (18s) in hypothalamus, adrenal gland and mesenteric fat tissue using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Results: In hypothalamus and adrenal, all genes were suitable and none was rejected by statistical analysis; however, in fat tissue, Actb, Gapdh and Hprt1 genes were rejected by geNorm but not the others two software. Conclusion: In hypothalamus and adrenal all selected genes analized were stable and can be used for qPCR gene expression analysis. However, in fat tissue we suggest the Tubulin gene as most stable gene.

The effects of high doses of nandrolone decanoate and exercise on prostate microvasculature of adult and older rats

AimsThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of the interaction between the abusive use of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and physical activity on the prostate structure of adult and older rats. We evaluated whether the use of ND, associated or not with physical exercise during the post-pubertal stage, interferes with the morphophysiology of the prostate. Main methodsFifty-six male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. The animals were treated for eight weeks and divided into sedentary and trained groups, with or without ND use. Four groups were sacrificed 48h after the end of the eight week experiment (adult groups), and four other groups were sacrificed at 300days of age (older groups). The prostate was collected and processed for stereological and histopathological analysis and for the expression of AQP1 and VEGF by the Western blotting technique. Key findingsBoth ND and physical activity altered the ventral prostate structure of the rats; the AQP1 and VEGF expression increased in young animals subjected to physical exercise. SignificanceThus, it was concluded that the use of ND, associated or not with exercise during the post-pubertal stage, interferes with the morphophysiology of the prostate.

The Effect of Local Use of Nandrolone Decanoate on Rotator Cuff Repair in Rabbits

ABSTRACTObjective: There is still controversy about the effect of anabolic steroid on connective tissue. This study examines the hypothesis that the local use of nandrolone decanoate, an anabolic steroid on rotator cuff, facilitates the healing process when used in combination with surgical repair. Methods: Forty-eight male rabbits were divided in four groups with anabolic steroids (Nandrolone Decanoate 10 mg/kg) and immobilization as variables. The groups were the following: first group, nonsteroid use-immobilization (NSI); second group, nonsteroid use-nonimmobilization (NSNI); third group, steroid use-immobilization (SI); fourth group steroid use-nonimmobilization (SNI). Every rabbit underwent a rotator cuff incision and reconstruction. Fifteen days later the tendons were sent for biomechanical and histological evaluation. Results: Groups that did not receive anabolic steroids showed better healing and more tendon strength in comparison to groups that received anabolic steroids. Microscopic examination of specimens from the groups without the use of anabolic steroid showed extensive fibroblastic activity whereas the specimens from those groups with anabolic steroid use showed focal fibroblastic reaction and inflammation. Immobilization provided better results in the groups with anabolic steroid use but it did not influence healing in groups without steroids. Conclusions: The effect of local nandrolone decanoate use on a rotator cuff tear is detrimental, acting as a healing inhibitor.

Cholinergic system of rats treated with vincristine sulphate and nandrolone decanoate

This study aimed to detect brain and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE and RBC-AChE, respectively) of rats treated with vincristine sulphate and different doses of nandrolone decanoate. Thirty rats were divided into six groups (n = 5). The treatments were applied once a week for 2 weeks. Sample collection was performed in the third week. The groups were divided in: G1, physiologic solution (PS) (first and second week); G2, vincristine sulphate (4 mg/m2) in the first week and PS in the second week; G3, PS in the first week and nandrolone decanoate (1.8 mg/kg−1) in the second week; G4, PS in the first week and nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg−1) in the second week; G5, vincristine sulphate (4 mg/m2) in the first week and nandrolone decanoate (1.8 mg/kg−1) in the second week; and G6, vincristine sulphate (4 mg/m2) in the first week and nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg−1) in the second week. The isolated use of nandrolone decanoate and its use in association with vincristine sulphate altered brain AChE and RBC-AChE activity. These results suggest that there is interference in cholinergic neurotransmission, which could cause an alteration of its neurotransmitter, as well as a low or high stimulation of post-synaptic receptors. The serum RBC-AChE activity results presented in this study are similar to those exhibited by brain tissue.

Ovarian histology and follicular score in female rats treated with nandrolone decanoate and submitted to physical effort

The study was conducted to analyze the histology of the ovaries of adults rats treated with steroids, and submitted or not to physical effort. The control group consisted of females submitted to physical effort and sedentary females, both of which received a physiological solution of 0.9% saline. Treated females, sedentary or not, received 6 mg/kg of body weight of nandrolone decanoate. The steroid and physiological solution were administered intraperitoneally, with a single injection per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The applied physical effort was swimming (20 minutes daily, 5 days/week, for the 4 weeks of treatment). Serial sections (5 mum) of ovaries were prepared for histological evaluation and follicular score. The weight of ovaries and hypophysis, the number of antral and atretic follicles, and the area of corpus luteum were all affected by the steroids. In the ovaries of the control groups, well-developed corpus luteum was observed. In the treated groups, the cortical stroma was occupied by ovarian interstitial tissue. The females treated with steroids presented estral acyclicity. The use of nandrolone decanoate, whether associated with physical effort or not, affected the morphological pattern of the ovaries.

CARVEDILOL NA HIPERTROFIA CARDÍACA INDUZIDA POR ANABOLIZANTES EM COELHOS

Estudou-se a ação do carvedilol frente a alterações cardiovasculares induzidas pelo uso de esteróides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA), em 30 coelhos. O monitoramento cardíaco deu-se fundamentalmente pela análise da silhueta cardíaca a partir de radiografias seqüenciais mensais, analisadas através do programa AUTOCAD 2004®. O uso do carvedilol reduziu em 13% em média a hipertrofia miocárdica secundária ao uso de 5 mg de decanoato de nandrolona, semanalmente, durante nove semanas, proporcionando remodelamento da silhueta cardíaca, com diminuição das áreas, perímetros e volumes cardíacos, quando analisadas com o auxílio do AUTOCAD 2004®. A interpretação do remodelamento cardíaco com o AUTOCAD 2004® pode ser adotada como prática diagnóstica para a investigação de pacientes com cardiomiopatias pela sua versatilidade, baixo custo e por proporcionar parâmetros fidedignos de evolução de cardiopatias. O carvedilol é uma opção a ser considerada para o tratamento das cardiomiopatias hipertróficas.

Use of Nandrolone Decanoate as an Adjuvant for Erythropoietin Dose Reduction in Treating Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis

Background/Aims: Use of androgen as an adjuvant therapy to treat anemia in patients on hemodialysis is debated. Our target is to assess the safety and the efficacy of nandrolone decanoate (ND) as an effective adjunctive therapy to treat such anemia. Methods: This study included 32 anemic adult hemodialysis patients who had adequate iron stores. They were randomized into two equal groups: the first group received subcutaneously a low dose of erythropoietin (EPO) 1,000 U three times weekly combined with ND, 50 mg intramuscularly twice weekly, and the second group received only the same low dose of EPO for the 6-month study period. All patients were subjected to a serial follow-up of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit % (Hct%), iron store indices, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration and liver function tests. Results: A significant rise of both Hb and Hct in both groups was found at the end of the study (p < 0.001). Although the rise of both Hb and Hct was higher in the androgen group, it was not rated as being statistically significant. Both groups showed a significant rise of serum IGF-1 concentration at the end of the study in comparison to its initial value. Moreover, the androgen group attained a more statistically significant rise of IGF-1 serum concentration. Four female patients discontinued ND because of related adverse effects, principally distressing hirsutism and hepatic dysfunction. Conclusion: Addition of ND to a low-dose EPO regimen does not offer a significant benefit. Androgen-related side effects limit its use in female patients.