Use Of Mouthpiece Research Articles

Effect of mouthpiece breathing on cardiorespiratory response to intense exercise.

Use of mouthpiece and noseclips after breathing pattern at rest and during moderate exercise. Our purpose was to extend observations on mouthpiece breathing to its effects on the cardiorespiratory response to intense exercise and to develop and validate an algorithm for computer-assisted analysis of breathing pattern recorded with respiratory inductive plethysmography. Six normal men performed incremental bicycle exercise to volitional exhaustion on two occasions with and without mouthpiece and noseclip. ECG and breathing pattern recorded with a respiratory inductive plethysmograph were analyzed manually and with computer assistance. Mouthpiece breathing increased tidal volume and respiratory cycle time by up to 63 and 33% respectively (p < 0.02) during mild exercise, but it did not alter performance, heart rate, or breathing pattern at maximal exercise. Mean differences between inductive plethysmographic and spirometric tidal volumes were < 5% during validation at rest and maximal exercise. Application of the proposed algorithm for semiautomatic breathing pattern analysis provided significant time savings with no loss in precision compared with manual analysis. In conclusion, in normal men, performance and breathing pattern during maximal exercise are not altered by a mouthpiece and noseclip, and accurate computer-assisted measurement of ventilation from external transducers may be performed even during intense exercise.

Remote electrometrical monitoring of respiratory muscular function in healthy controls and in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases

1. The proposed method is simple. It is quite easily tolerated by patients, requires 10 min, does not require undressing or the use of a nasal clamp nor mouthpiece. Thus, even young children and critical patients can be examined.

Quitting smoking: reasons for quitting and predictors of cessation among medical patients.

To describe why medical patients quit smoking and the methods they use. Cross-sectional and prospective cohort design. Patient smokers were enrolled in a study of physician counseling about smoking. One year later, 2,581 of the patients were asked about quit attempts and methods used. Of those, 245 former smokers whose quitting had been biologically validated were interviewed about why and how they had quit. Offices of internists and family practitioners in private practice and a health maintenance organization. Consecutive sample of ambulatory patients who smoked. Baseline questionnaires included demographic data, smoking history, and symptoms and diagnoses related to smoking. After one year, subjects were interviewed about smoking status and methods used in attempting to quit. Cessation was confirmed by biochemical testing. Those who had quit were asked about reasons for quitting. Seventy-seven percent of successful quitters gave health-related reasons for quitting and the quitters ranked "harmful to health" as the most important reason for quitting. In a multivariate analysis, those who had a college education, who had social pressures to quit, and who had greater confidence in being able to quit were more likely to have quit smoking one year later, while those who smoked their first cigarette within 15 minutes of awakening and who had more diagnoses related to smoking were less likely to have quit smoking one year later. Participation in a treatment program and having been counseled by a physician or nurse practitioner were positively related to successful quitting, while use of filters or mouthpieces was negatively related. Concerns about health are the most common reason patients give for quitting, and addiction is the most important barrier to quitting. Education, social pressure, provider advice, and formal programs, but not over-the-counter devices, appear to increase the chances that smokers will quit.

Activity of oro‐facial musculature during use of mouthpieces for diving

SummaryThe EMG activity in the temporal muscle, masseter muscle, and in the lower lip was recorded during 27 minutes use of three makes of mouth‐pieces for air supply during diving. For comparison, recordings were made also of the muscle activity with the mandible in the postural position and during maximal bite. Five male amateur divers, aged 22–35, took part in the investigation.The muscle activity necessary to hold the mouthpiece in position varied from one make of mouthpiece to the other. Compared with the activity with the mandible in the postural position, the activity in the lip increased most, and then considerably, during use of a mouthpiece. Two of the mouthpieces also raised the activity in the masseter muscle. The temporal muscle was affected least and showed an increase in activity during use of only one of the mouthpieces.In the laboratory experiments the muscle activity necessary for retention of the mouthpieces was only a fraction of that during maximal bite. It is stressed, however, that the force with which the mouthpiece is gripped when diving may, owing to emotional factors, be much greater. To avoid undue muscle fatigue and pain it is therefore recommended to use the mouthpiece which, according to the laboratory studies, was shown to require the least muscle activity for retention.

Temporomandibular joint problems in underwater activities

The use of current mouthpieces by underwater divers eliminates contact of the posterior teeth and causes development of extra pressure within the temporomandibular joints. These pressures can produce nausea and loss of equilibrium in the diver. A new mouthpiece was designed which fits closely against the soft tissue of the face. The advantages of this mask were described.