Use Of Mouthguards Research Articles

Assessment of intraoral mouthguards: usage and hygiene issues

Introduction. Regular use of mouthguards requires proper arrangements for their disinfection and sanitization. Incorrect or infrequent hygiene procedures may lead to inflammatory infection in the oral cavity. Prevention measures also involve periodical replacement of mouthguards due to the growth of microorganisms on their surface, along with increasing porosity on use. Buying a new protective occlusal splint is also recommended in the event of an inflammatory lesion in the mouth, and after infection of the respiratory system. Aim of the study. To assess usage and hygiene maintenance of elastic mouthguards by athletes practicing various sports disciplines. Methods. A group of 1279 mouthguard users were surveyed, including questions about demographic background of participants, hygiene habits and storage of protective splints. Statistical analysis of the results was performed; the level of statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Results. It was revealed that 5% of the interviewed athletes (60 individuals) do not cleanse their mouthguards. Most of the surveyed participants (85.5%) rinse the splint with water after wearing it. Only every fifth athlete replaces the mouthguard at regular intervals, regardless of its condition; half of the respondents do it when it is completely deformed, and one-third do it after loss of smoothness of its surface. About 20% of athletes have never replaced their protective occlusal splint. All results showed statistical significance. Conclusions. Athletes’ awareness of proper usage, storage and sanitization of mouthguards is not sufficient.

U.S. Rugby-7s Injuries in Levels Of Play

PURPOSE: Rugby-7s is an emerging collision sport in the U.S. Due to the sport’s high incidence of injury, evidence-based data on competition levels and ages will help guide injury prevention in the U.S. market. METHODS: The Rugby Injury Survey & Evaluation (RISE) report methodology was used to collect injury incidence (per 1000 player hours (ph)) among competitive levels (Colts/Under-19 (U19), college, senior/adult community, sub-elite, and elite). The U.S. Rugby-7s national circuit (2010-2014) included a total of 24,418 players. RESULTS: Overall injury incidence was 107.3/1000 ph (73% men; 27% women) (time-loss: 33.7/1000 ph, n=502; medical-attention: 72.9/1000 ph, n=1068). Elite players were injured more frequently (overall 155.8/1000 ph; time-loss 47.0/1000 ph) compared to other levels (P=0.002). Mean severity among all injuries was 44 days (63% with follow-up data). Injuries were mostly new acute injuries (98%), and occurred during the tackle (U19/Colt 80%, college 68%, senior 70%, sub-elite 69%, elite 71%). Most common time-loss injuries were ligament sprains (32%) in the lower extremity (43%). Head/neck injuries occurred often among all levels (overall 22%, 23.7/1000 ph; time-loss 21%, 7.3/1000 ph). Players who wore mouth guards had lower severity from head/neck injuries than those who did not, in our college and elite population (college 21d vs. 41d; P=0.045; elite 11d vs. 25d, P=0.026, respectively). Concussion incidence was highest among U19 players (11.4/1000 ph). A higher incidence of injuries were seen on artificial fields (114.2/1000 ph) than natural grass (107.2/1000 ph; P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Injury surveillance on U.S. Rugby-7s among playing levels is necessary to obtain evidence-based data to nurture injury prevention. Head/neck injuries were common in all U.S. levels of play, which may highlight the need to evaluate tackling techniques which may decrease injury rates. Concussion rates due to tackling in the U19 playing level supports the need for more resources and education dedicated to these players to reduce injuries. The use of mouth guards among all levels, may reduce severity of head/neck injuries, and should be emphasized as an injury prevention measure in our playing population. Finally, natural grass may be a safer surface for Rugby-7’s open-style play.

A review of mouthguards: effectiveness, types, characteristics and indications for use.

Participation in sport carries an increased risk of sustaining dental trauma which can be reduced by the use of a mouthguard. Mouthguards work by dissipating the force of impact, thus reducing the force which is transferred to the dentition. There are different types of mouthguard available which vary in design, costs and the level of protection provided. This article aims to review the use of mouthguards in sport, the common barriers to their use and also the different types of mouthguards and their characteristics.

Prevalence of dental trauma and use of mouthguards in professional handball players.

Published data about orofacial injuries and mouthguard use by professional handball players are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial trauma and mouthguard use in professional handball players. Data were collected from 100 professional handball players through a questionnaire, which contained 17 questions about age, experience in playing handball, playing position, orofacial trauma experience during the past 12months, type of injury and mouthguard use. Almost half (49%) of the interviewed players experienced head and/or facial trauma during the past year. The most common injuries were soft tissue lacerations (39.6%). Dental injuries occurred in 22% of the participants, with socket bleeding being the most frequent injury (14%). Of the affected teeth, 76.9% were upper incisors. Mouthguards had a statistically significant protective role regarding tooth fractures and tooth avulsion (P=.043). Players who wore a mouthguard had a 5.55 times less chance of suffering dental injuries. Almost 76% of dental injuries resulted in complications afterward. Sixty-seven percentage of the players knew that mouthguards could prevent injuries, but only 28% used them regularly. Of the players who wore a mouthguard regularly, 76.9% were advised to do so by their dentists. The incidence of head and orofacial injuries among professional handball players is high. Mouthguards prevented severe dental injuries such as tooth fracture and avulsion, but their use was still limited.

MOUTHGUARD USE IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY AND THE RISK OF CONCUSSION AND DENTAL INJURIES

BackgroundConcussion is the most common injury in youth ice hockey. Mouthguards can play a role in reducing the risk dental injuries; however there is limited evidence evaluating their association with...

Prevalence of dental injuries and awareness regarding mouthguards among basketball players and coaches

Dental injuries are frequently occurred by an impact to facial area among basketball players. In fact, mouthguards are able to absorb the power of impacts and protect teeth from excessive forces, it is crucial for players even at training to wear mouthguards. To determine the prevalence of dental injuries and investigate the awareness about the use of mouthguards among basketball players and coaches. A 14-item questionnaire was designed and tested among licensed basketball players and coaches, all of whom were continuously exposed to the risk of dental injuries. The questions focused on the prevalence of dental injuries and attitudes and knowledge regarding the use of mouthguards among the players and coaches. Data were calculated using descriptive statistics and χ2 tests. A total of 53 coaches (18-69 years) and 351 players (12-38 years) participated. Of these, 124 players (35% of the total sample) had experienced oral injuries, including soft tissue lacerations (80.6%), fractures (17.7%) and avulsions (1.6%). Although the players had sustained dental injuries, 95% of them found mouthguards to be protective, and only 6.3% (N.=22) actually used a mouthguard. The rate of mouthguard use among players who had experienced an oral injury was significantly higher than that among players without any history of injury (P<0.05). Although 98% of the coaches believed that mouthguards could prevent dental injuries, only 47% of them suggested their use to their players. The most common reasons for not using a mouthguard were discomfort (37.7%) and difficulty in breathing (7.3%) or talking (6.4%). This study showed that the use of mouthguards among basketball players is very rare, with inadequate knowledge among the coaches. Consequently, more information is required through sports associations and dentists.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, and Occurrence of Dental Injuries in Participant Children during Sports in New Delhi: A Pilot Study.

AimTo evaluate the occurrence of dental injuries in children, the level of knowledge of the participants about preventive measures, and management of dental trauma during sports, in New Delhi.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 450 children aged 6 to 16 years. A structured interviewer-guided questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of oral injuries sustained during sport activities, the use of mouthguard as well as the athlete’s awareness regarding use of mouthguard. The respondents consisted of 313 males (69.6%) and 137 females (30.4%) with a mean age of 12.6 years.ResultsOut of the total participants, 27 (6%) had chipping or fracture of teeth, 25 (5.6%) had soft-tissue laceration, 24 (5.4%) had avulsion of teeth, and 18 (4%) had suffered fracture of jaw/bones. Out of the total participants, 263 (58.4%) knew that it was possible to replant the teeth and 187 (41.6%) did not know that it was possible to replant the teeth. Out of the total participants, 203 (45.1%) did not know what is the best time to put the teeth back in the mouth and 247 (54.9 %) answered in affirmative with variable answer. Of the total participants, 223 (49.6%) answered that they would carry avulsed tooth in water, 94 (20.8%) wrapped in cloth, 57 (12.6%) in mouth/saliva, 9 (2%) in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), and 67 (14.8%) answered others. Of the total participants, 321 (71.3%) were aware that mouthguards prevent injury and 129 (28.7%) did not know about mouthguards. Out of the total participants, 94 (20.9%) used mouthguards and 356 (79.1%) had never used mouthguards.ConclusionLevel of awareness and knowledge about sports-related orofacial injury is very poor among children in New Delhi. Education on prevention of orofacial trauma should be given to the coaches and children. Wearing of mouthguards during sport activities should be compulsory during practice and competition events.How to cite this article: Goswami M, Kumar P, Bhushan U. Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, and Occurrence of Dental Injuries in Participant Children during Sports in New Delhi: A Pilot Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(4):373-378.

A Cheap Fix for an Expensive Problem: The Use of a Thermoplastic Mouthguard to Reduce the Risk of Dental Trauma during Orotracheal Intubation

A Cheap Fix for an Expensive Problem: The Use of a Thermoplastic Mouthguard to Reduce the Risk of Dental Trauma during Orotracheal Intubation

The Effects of a Self-Adapted, Jaw Repositioning Mouthpiece and Jaw Clenching on Muscle Activity during Vertical Jump and Isometric Clean Pull Performance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-adapted, jaw repositioning mouthpiece and jaw clenching on muscle activity during the countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) and isometric mid-thigh clean pull (MTCP). Methods: Thirty-six healthy, recreationally trained males (n=36; age, 23 ± 2.8 years; height, 178.54 ± 9.0 cm; body mass, 83.09 ± 7.8 kg) completed maximal CMVJ and MTCP assessments under six experimental conditions: jaw repositioning mouthpiece plus clenching (MP+C), jaw repositioning mouthpiece with jaw relaxed (MP), traditional mouthguard plus clenching (MG+C), traditional mouthguard with jaw relaxed (MG), no mouthpiece plus clenching (NoMP+C) and no mouthpiece with jaw relaxed (NoMP) while muscle activity of the dominant leg medial gastrocnemius (G), medial hamstring (H), vastus medialis (VMO), and erector spinae (ES) was recorded. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed no changes in MTCP muscle activation for any mouthpiece or clench condition. Jaw clenching, regardless of mouthpiece condition, significantly improved prime mover muscle activation during CMVJ ( p &lt; .001). Prime mover muscle activation was significantly greater during CMVJ assessment for jaw repositioning mouthpiece and no mouthpiece conditions over the use of a traditional mouthguard ( p &lt; .001), but the repositioning mouthpiece did not lead to improved muscle activation compared to no mouthpiece ( p &gt; .05). Conclusion: These findings support jaw clenching as a viable technique to elicit concurrent activation potentiation (CAP) of prime mover muscle activity during dynamic but not isometric physical activity. Keywords: jaw repositioning mouthpiece, jaw clenching, concurrent activation potentiation, muscle activation

The knowledge, attitude and practices of male sports participants to sports-related dental trauma in Khobar and Dammam, Saudi Arabia - A pilot survey.

The risk of dental trauma may increase during sports participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of sports participants concerning sports-related dental trauma and associated emergency/preventive practices. The study included 124 male subjects over 18 years of age participating in contact and non-contact sports in three clubs in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to assess past experience of dental trauma related to sports in addition to the use of a mouth guard and knowledge of related emergency procedures. Outcomes were compared between individuals practicing direct and non-direct contact sports. One third of the participants had experienced dental trauma while playing sports, mostly crown fracture, mobility, and avulsion. Their knowledge of first aid and emergency procedures was inadequate. A significantly higher proportion of non-direct contact sport participants sought the help of a dentist for themselves or others (P = 0.04 and 0.003, respectively). Only 33.9% used mouth guards, with higher odds of mouth guard use associated with participating in direct contact sports and believing a tooth can be lost during sports practice (odds ratio = 5.59 and 5.37, respectively). Educational programs are needed to increase the awareness in sports participants of the risk of dental trauma during sports participation, to improve their knowledge of first aid procedures, and to increase the use of mouth guards.

Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries among Contact Sport Practitioners in Northeast of Iran in 2012

Introduction: Contact sports may lead to dental injures, which may often be prevented by using mouthguards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in professional contact sport athletes and to determine the awareness regarding use of mouthguards in this group. Methods: A questionnaire containing a number of questions regarding the demographic data of participants, experiences of trauma and their behavior after that and use of mouthguard, was distributed amongst 100 contact sport athletes. Results: eighty athletes returned the questionnaire. The age range of most of the participants (44.2%) was between 20-30 .Also most of them had been practicing in contact sports for 1 to 5 years (37.3%). 26.2% of the athletes had experienced some sort of dental trauma. There was no significant difference between the injuries in males and females (p> 0.05). Luxation injuries were the most common type of TDI (47.7%), followed by crown fractures (42.1%) and avulsion (10.5%). 89.7% of athletes had already been informed about using mouthguards, however only 10.3% reported having used them. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the rate of TDI among contact sport practitioners in Iran is high; however the use of mouthguards by athletes is low. Dentists and sports authorities should promote the use of mouthguards in contact sports to decreases the risk of dental trauma and tooth loss.

Dental Injuries and Mouthguard Use Among High School Athletes

Research Article| May 01 2016 Dental Injuries and Mouthguard Use Among High School Athletes AAP Grand Rounds (2016) 35 (5): 53. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.35-5-53 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Dental Injuries and Mouthguard Use Among High School Athletes. AAP Grand Rounds May 2016; 35 (5): 53. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.35-5-53 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: dental trauma, mouth protectors, student athletes Source: Collins CL, McKenzie LB, Ferketich AK, et al. Dental injuries sustained by high school athletes in the United States, from 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years. Dent Traumatol. 2016; 32(2): 121– 127; doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12228Google Scholar Researchers from multiple institutions assessed the rate of dental injuries among high school athletes and determined athletes’ use of mouthguards at the time of injury. Data were obtained from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study, which collects information about high school athlete injuries on a weekly basis from certified athletic trainers (AT) at a national sample of US high schools. Data from academic years 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 were included in this study. ATs used a standardized, internet-based injury report that included information on the number of athlete competitions, athlete practices, and reportable injuries sustained by athletes by sport, including dental injury. A dental injury was defined as any injury to the teeth and/or mouth of an athlete that occurred as a result of participation in a high school competition, practice, or performance, required medical attention, and resulted in restriction of the athlete’s participation for ≥1 days. ATs were asked to include the type of dental injury, how it occurred, and information about the use of self-fitted or professionally-fitted mouthguards at the time of injury. The primary outcome was dental injury rates. The rate of dental injury was calculated as the ratio of injuries per 100,000 athletic exposures (AEs), which was defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 practice, competition, or performance. Rates of dental injury were compared across sports and the rate of dental injury during practice was compared to the rate of injury during competition. During the study period, 222 dental injuries occurred during 24,787,258 AEs for a rate of 0.9 per 100,000. Oral lacerations, tooth fractures, and tooth avulsion injuries accounted for 36.5%, 23.9%, and 11.3% of the dental injuries, respectively. Dental injuries most commonly occurred due to contact with another player (61.3%) or with a playing apparatus (31.5%). Dental injuries occurred more often during competition (1.8 per 100,000) than practice (0.6 per 100,000). Girls’ field hockey (3.9 per 100,000) and boys’ basketball (2.6 per 100,000) were the sports with highest rates of dental injuries. In most cases of dental injury, the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard (72.5%). In those instances where an injury was sustained while wearing a mouthguard, most athletes were wearing self-fitted mouthguards (95.9%). The authors conclude that dental injuries in high school sports are uncommon but may potentially be prevented by wearing a mouthguard. Dr Karp has disclosed no financial relationship relevant to this commentary. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device. Mouthguards are advocated by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry as effective protective equipment for preventing or reducing the severity of dental injuries.1,2 The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) requires mouthguard use... You do not currently have access to this content.

Oral Health Status Among Athletes in Jaipur, Rajasthan - A Descriptive Study

Abstract Introduction: Oral health is important both for the well-being and successful elite sporting performance. Athletes are at a greater risk of having dental caries, dental erosion and traumatic dental injuries. So this study was taken up to focus on this issue. Objectives: i) To assess the prevalence and severity of dental erosion, dental trauma, oral mucosal lesions, dental caries and periodontal status among athletes, using WHO oral health assessment form 2013. ii) To plan appropriate oral diseases prevention and oral health promotion strategy for athletes. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among athletes in SMS STADIUM Jaipur. Clinical examination of the athletes was carried out with the help of WHO proforma 2013. Results: A total of 300 athletes were included with 217(72.3%) males and 83(27.66%) females in the age group of 10-35 years with a mean age of 22±5.04 years. Of the participants, 55.3% participants reported the use of energy drinks. 50% reported using chewing gums (sweetened) and 20.6% reported the use of mouth guard during their activities. Around 70% of the athletes were having DMFT, out of them 68.66% had decayed teeth and only 12.66% had filled teeth. 9.3% of the athletes had enamel erosion. 8.33% &amp; 8.66% of athletes were having treated injury and enamel fracture, respectively. Conclusion: Athletes are more prone to dental caries because of less care towards oral hygiene and extensive use of sweetened chewing gums and energy drinks.

Patterns of orodental injury and mouthguard use in Dutch field hockey

BackgroundOrodental injuries in field hockey are a growing cause of concern that requires attention.ObjectiveThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the patterns of orodental injury, and the use...

Mouthguard Use and Awareness of Junior Rugby League Players in the Gold Coast, Australia: A Need for More Education.

To investigate knowledge, attitude, and awareness of appropriate mouthguard use, as well as the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Cross-sectional survey. Community survey. Four hundred ninety-four junior rugby league players and their coaches in the Gold Coast, Australia. Data were collected anonymously during training sessions by means of a survey questionnaire, followed by a presentation on mouthguards and the management of TDIs. Descriptive statistics on the frequency distribution of the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and use of mouthguards as well as the relationships between the type of mouthguard worn and questions related to mouthguard use. The majority of players surveyed reported wearing a mouthguard (68.2%). Cost (40.1%) and not believing that they work (35.7%) were listed as the main reasons for not doing so. The boil-and-bite type was the most used by players (64.7%). Almost 44% of coaches and 50% of players responded that only a dentist can manage an avulsed tooth, that a tooth had to be reinserted within 15 minutes (40.6% and 21.9%, respectively), and that either water or milk can be used to transport an avulsed tooth to the dentist (100% and 82.2%, respectively). Education related to the correct use of mouthguards and the management of TDIs should be ongoing for players, their caregivers, and their coaches and should be required as part of the training of coaches to prevent injury in rugby league. This study found that although the overwhelming majority of junior rugby league coaches encourage the wearing of mouthguards, only two-thirds of the players do so. Players' compliance to wear mouthguards is largely influenced by their perception of efficacy and its comfort. Educational campaigns with involvement of dental practitioners, related to the correct use of mouthguards and the management of TDIs, should be ongoing for players, their caregivers, and their coaches and should also be required as part of the training of coaches.

Knowledge and Attitude of the Sports Teachers in Central India towards Oro-facial Injuries and the use of Mouth Guard

Objective: To evaluate the sports teachers’ knowledge and attitude towards sports related oro-facial injuries and the use of mouth guards. Methods: Certified sports teachers from various schools and colleges of Vidarbha region, Central India were exposed to pre-validated questionnaire containing both open ended and closed ended questions. Data obtained was analyzed and expressed as percentage. Results: Total 197 sports teachers from 167 schools and colleges participated in the study. Approximately 67.5% of the sport teachers agreed that sports related oro-facial injuries are common and inline skating (58.4%) was the most common sport. Only 8.1% of the sport teachers were having knowledge regarding first aid to oro-facial injuries. All sport teachers agreed that sport related oro-facial injuries can be prevented, but only 10.1% incorporated protective measures in practice to prevent it. Majority of the sports teachers (85.8%) were aware that mouth guard is used as a protective device to prevent oro-facial injuries but only few recommended in their school. Lack of motivation by the school and college administration was the major reason (50%) for non-recommending. Inline skating (54.8%) was the highly recommended sports for mouth guards by sports teachers, followed by boxing and basketball. Only 29.9% of the sports teachers were aware that dentist are the appropriate specialist to approach for mouth guards. Conclusion: The sports teachers had adequate knowledge regarding the sports related orofacial injuries and the protective devises used to prevent it, but their inappropriate attitude is the main hindrance in the prevention of orofacial injuries.

A Girl with No Pain: Congenital Insensitivity To Pain and Anhidrosis (HSAN) Type IV - A Case Report.

Sir, Absence of pain may sound pleasing, but can lead to great problems as pain is a warning signal about the onset of disease or tissue damage. Congenital insensitivity to pain was first described in 1932 by Dearborn and later named as “The hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN)” [1]. The cases of Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA) are an extremely rare and only a handful of this condition is being reported in India [2–8]. We here by presenting one similar case. An 11-year-old girl accompanied with her parent visited us with a concern of damage to oral structure due to her masochistic habit of biting her tongue and lips. They wished for appliance which could prevent this. The parents gave a history of consanguineous marriage with negative family, prenatal and antenatal history. When the child was few month old she stared suffering from spikes of fever which depended on the environmental temperature and did not responded to antipyretic drug and also she did not sweat. With the eruption of milk teeth she started biting her tongue vigorously. Worried about her condition the parent visited National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore were she was diagnosed with Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type IV/ CIPA. Parents reported to our college when the child was 7-and 8-year-old; her teeth were rounded off and mouth guard was given which later got damaged. At the age of 9 parents visited a local dental surgeon who extracted her deciduous teeth. Presently, the child is 11-year-old and parents demanded fabrication of another mouth guard. Examination showed low IQ where patient had a delayed response to commands, scars on skin [Table/Fig-1], deformed interphalangeal joints of fingers [Table/Fig-1] and missing big toe of left foot [Table/Fig-2]. Attrited lower incisors [Table/Fig-3] causing loss of support for lower lip resulting in lip trap and deep labio-lingual sulcus [Table/Fig-4]. Tongue was severely affected with the loss of the tip with irregular margins [Table/Fig-5]. Permanent first molars required extraction to which the parents didn’t agree [Table/Fig-3]. Thus, an impression was made of upper and lower arch to fabricate a mouth guard [Table/Fig-6,​,7].7]. Try-in was done and the parents were given instructions regarding the care of the mouth guard. The patient is on follow-up. [Table/Fig-1]: Multiple wound scars on hands. [Table/Fig-2]: Partial Loss of big toe and secondary infection of soft tissues. [Table/Fig-3]: Unerupted permanent teeth after extraction of primary teeth. [Table/Fig-4]: Frontal view of patient showing Labial deformity of the patient due to biting. [Table/Fig-5]: Bitten and scarred tongue with irregular tip. [Table/Fig-6]: Maxillary casts used for the fabrication of mouth guard. [Table/Fig-7]: Mouth guard placed in the maxillary arch. Out of the 5 types HSAN IV is the second most common. Mutation of genes like Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor type 1 (NTRK1) inhibit formation of Nerve growth factor (NGF) leading to destruction of small sensory and sympathetic neurons [3]. CIPA is one such unique human genetic disorder affecting the neurotrophin-signal–transduction system along with anhydrosis due to improper input oftemperature sensation from peripheral nervous system. Apart from delayed development subjects shows scarring or stripping of the skin of finger tips caused by excessive self- biting, multiple fractures, joint dislocations and deformities, skin infections, bruises, corneal ulcerations, and aggressive behaviour [2]. Cutaneous examination may reveal dry gangrene or cellulitis commonly involving tips of fingers and toes [4]. Fractures are slow to heal or show osteomyelitis, while large weight-bearing joints frequently develop Charcot’s joints [3]. As the first teeth erupts subjects starts biting on oral soft tissue resulting in wounds and ulcers or scar. Unawareness of temperature of food or drink may result in oral scalds. Teeth might be affected by severe bruxism or auto extraction. High incidence of caries is prevalent, partially due to lack of pain which can spread to osteomyelitits and fracture of bone [9,10]. Since, there are few cases being reported no protocols are established for HSAN IV. As the disorder is incurable only supportive treatment can be offered. Treatment option includes extraction of the teeth followed by full denture therapy or elimination of the sharp edges of teeth by grinding or addition of composite on teeth or use of mouth guards. Parents must to be given clear instruction about maintenance of guards. Regular follow-up should be doneto check the appliance for damage or need for replacement with the growth of the child [4]. Without pain there is no suffering, without suffering we would never learn from our mistakes as seen in this case. As well as we as dentist should be aware about the condition and treatment option available because these children mainly us their teeth to hurt themselves.

Attitude toward mouthguard utilization among North Indian school children.

Objectives:The present study was designed to evaluate the attitude toward mouthguard utilization among 8–11-year-old athletically active schoolchildren in Ludhiana, Punjab, India.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,000 schoolchildren aged 8–11 years of both the sexes, attending private schools in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Children were questioned about their perceptions regarding the protective role of mouthguards and the reasons behind not using mouthguards. The data were summarized and analyzed using the statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0.Results:The prevalence of mouthguard use was found to be only 4.25%. However, 78% of the children believed that mouthguards could protect them from injuries. On the other hand, a majority of the children using mouthguards (74.11%) said they would be willing to play without a mouthguard. Of the 85 children using mouthguards, 76 reported problems. Children using dentist-made mouthguards reported it to be expensive while the children wearing boil and bite mouthguards reported several other problems such as difficulty in speaking and interference with breathing.Conclusion:It was deduced that the usage of mouthguards in this age group was inadequate and dentists need to be targeted for recommendation of properly fitting custom-made mouthguards to the parents of susceptible children so that a positive behavior toward mouthguards is reinforced.

Dentofacial trauma and players’ attitude towards mouthguard use in field hockey: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundDentofacial injuries are a risk while playing field hockey. Wearing mouthguards is recommended.ObjectiveTo synthesise findings on the prevalence and characteristics of dentofacial injuries sustained by field hockey players. We also...

Dental trauma prevention during endotracheal intubation--review of literature.

Endotracheal intubation is a procedure performed during general anaesthesia with the use of an endotracheal tube in order to maintain a patent airway. This routinely used procedure is connected with a risk of complications within the region of the masticatory system. Trauma of teeth, their surrounding structures and the soft tissue of the oral cavity is observed in app. 1.38 per 1000 procedures. The main causes of this damage are the surgical skills and experience of the surgeon, the anatomical conditions present and the mode of conducting the procedure. In order to reduce the risk of postoperative complications, patients with a high risk of sustaining an injury during endotracheal intubation should be equipped with elastic mouthguards, which reduces the possibility of damage. The scoring in a scale of endotracheal intubation difficulty should be used for qualification for the use of such mouthguards.