Use Of Monitoring Methods Research Articles

Monitoring and load management in team handball

The monitoring of athletes has become a focus in elite-level team sports and research in recent years. The goal is to optimise load management for maximising performance. Due to the considerable amount of data gathered during monitoring in team sports, the trend is towards integrating different monitoring methods in a software-based tool. In addition, decision-support systems are used in order to enable coaches to make quick decisions to control further burdens. This article is intended to give an overview of the large number of monitoring methods used in contact team sports, to consider their test quality criteria and to check a useful application of monitoring methods for team handball, taking into account the sports-specific requirements. PubMed-based review of the literature. Narrative review focusing on current data from the years 2010 to 2019. Demands on athletes in elite team handball vary depending on the playing position. Therefore, individualised load control is necessary. Monitoring methods with proven validity and reliability should ideally be used in a multivariate approach to represent the various aspects of external and internal load, recovery and fatigue, well-being and readiness. It is important to know the meaningful change for each athlete while using a monitoring method. This circumstance necessitates an individualised approach for each parameter. There are not many studies on the use of monitoring methods in team handball, neither in the amateur field nor in an elite sports environment. Nevertheless, based on evidence from other contact team sports, a recommendation for a combined use of monitoring methods can be given. Burden, time and cost/benefit should always be considered. There is a considerable need for research regarding the use of athlete monitoring in team handball. The combination of monitoring methods proposed in this article can be used as a framework for studies with handball players in an elite sports environment in order to implement an increasingly handball-specific monitoring concept in the future.

Explaining engagement in self-monitoring among participants of the DESMOND Self-monitoring Trial: a qualitative interview study.

The Diabetes Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed (DESMOND) Self-monitoring Trial reported that people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes attending community-based structured education and randomized to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) or urine monitoring had comparable improvements in biomedical outcomes, but differences in satisfaction with, and continued use of monitoring method, well-being and perceived threat from diabetes. To explore experiences of SMBG and urine monitoring following structured education. We specifically addressed the perceived usefulness of each monitoring method and the associated well-being. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 18 adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes participating in the DESMOND Self-monitoring Trial (SMBG, N=10; urine monitoring, N=8)~12 months into the trial. Analysis was informed by the constant comparative approach. Interviewees reported SMBG as accurate, convenient and useful. Declining use was explained by having established a pattern of managing blood glucose with less frequent monitoring or lack of feedback or encouragement from health care professionals. Many initially positive views of urine monitoring progressively changed due to perceived inaccuracy, leading some to switch to SMBG. Perceiving diabetes as less serious was attributable to lack of symptoms, treatment with diet alone and-in the urine-monitoring group-consistently negative readings. Urine monitoring also provided less visible evidence of diabetes and of the effect of behaviour on glucose. The findings highlight the importance for professionals of considering patients' preferences when using self-monitoring technologies, including how these change over time, when supporting the self-care behaviours of people with type 2 diabetes.

Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) and house fly (Musca domestica) densities: a comparison of three monitoring methods on pig farms

House flies (Musca domestica L.) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans [L.]) are important pests on livestock farms and often occur in mixed populations. In order to identify when control actions must be taken, monitoring is essential. The two fly species should be monitored independently as they affect animals differently and may also differ in their responses to control measures. Here, we assess three monitoring methods on pig farms with mixed population of stable and house flies for quantifying fly abundance: spot cards, sticky traps, and a visual index. We compared estimated values from the spot card and a visual index method, which did not discriminate between fly species, with the number of each species caught on the sticky traps. Our results indicate that stable flies contribute less than half of the spots on the spots cards, compared with house flies. Thus, to monitor house flies, use of spot cards could be justified if the number of stable flies is low. However, the contribution of stable flies and house flies to the visual index differed between sites. Whether the visual index or sticky traps best represent the true fly densities is unknown. However, until proved otherwise, the visual index should primarily be used when the two species are registered separately. Threshold values for house fly control, as defined using spot cards (Pennsylvania, USA) versus visual index (Denmark), were compared and found to differ. Although this might be due to differences in tolerance between the two locations, unequal use of monitoring methods and differences between farms is also possible and highlights the need for a common monitoring technique for house flies internationally.

Automated Monitoring of Manufacturing Processes, Part 2: Applications

In Part 2 of this paper, three applications of automated monitoring of manufacturing processes are presented to demonstrate the use of monitoring methods discussed in Part 1 of the paper. These applications are: (1) tool condition monitoring in turning, (2) machining condition monitoring in tapping, and (3) metallographic condition monitoring in arc welding. For each application, a background review, monitoring index selection and experimental setup are first presented. Then, monitoring methods discussed in Part 1 of the paper were applied and the test results are investigated. Discussions of the monitoring success rate, sensitivity, robustness, monitoring index selection, and decision under uncertainty are also included.

The worker's right-to-know: obstacles, ambiguities and loopholes.

Telling the worker about exposure to occupational hazards and their potentially adverse health effects has been established as an ethical principle of occupational health and safety. Situations or issues that may result in incomplete application or nonapplication of this principle include: (1) the employee's need to initiate the disclosure process; (2) medical reluctance to disclose exposure data; (3) long latency periods between exposure and effect; (4) problems of quality control; (5) the use of monitoring methods with low predictive value; (6) statutory secrecy provisions; (7) doctor-patient communication difficulties; (8) serious social and health problems not related to work environment; (9) the nonspecific nature of most work-related morbidity; and (10) the absence of any monitoring whatsoever. Obligatory disclosure of exposure information is hypothesized to spur preventive measures, environmental and personal, for both short- and long-term hazards. Where the foregoing problems interfere with full disclosure, this norm's full preventive role may not be fulfilled. Evaluation of the effect of disclosure requirements on promoting occupational health and safety must include attention to this possibility.