Use Of Micronucleus Test Research Articles

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on catfish in industrial aquaculture

When growing fish in high-tech breeding systems, it is exposed to many stress factors. To reduce stress, we used spore forms of microorganisms — Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, possessing probiotic properties. Two groups were formed, a control group and an experimental group that received probiotic microorganisms with feed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of microorganisms — Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis to reduce stress in fishes. For this indicator points were selected — stress hormone cortisol and antioxidant defense enzymes. The research results showed that stress level assessed by cortisol in fishes fed with probiotic microorganisms is 2.8 times lower than in the control group. The use of micronucleus test to assess cytogenetic damage showed that against the probiotic microbiota background, the number of cells with fragmented nuclei decreases by 5.7 times. Antioxidant defense enzyme activity when using Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis increased, indicating activation of the defense system against oxidative stress. The obtained results demonstrated the high efficiency of the use of spore forms Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis when growing catfish in high-tech fish farming systems. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-016-00127.

Evaluation of antimutagenic properties of powdered malt and polymalt extracts with the use of micronucleus test

There were performed studies of the occurrence of cells with pathologies in the buccal epithelium of volunteers who consume drinks based on mixtures ofpowdered malt and polymalt extracts of buckwheat, peas, corn and barley. There was shown their impact on the stability of the genetic material of examined cases. There was established activation of apoptosis, which leads to the elimination of cells with cytogenetic deteriorations. Poliymalt extracts possess protective properties, contribute to the suppression ofprocesses offormation of cells with genetic disorders (micronuclei (from 4.38 ± 0.67 %%, up to 2.53 ± 0.39 %% after intake), protrusions (from 1,98 ± 0,42 %%, up 0,85 ± 0,25 %% after intake), incisures (from 3.34 ± 0.44 %%, up 2.17 ± 0.35 %% after intake), two cores (from 1.63 ± 0.26 %%, up 0.65 ± 0.21 %% after intake) and rid the body of aberrant cells, as evidenced by the increase in the number of cells with karyolysis (up to 5.98 ± 0,91 %%, up 9.55 ± 1.74 %% after intake), karyopyknosis (from 10.71 ± 0.90 %%, up to 11.97 ± 0.85 %% after intake) and perinuclear vacuoles (from 9.24 ± 1.63 %%, up to 12.94 ± 2.57 %% after intake). In women, anti-mutagenic effects ofpolymalt extracts are more pronounced than in men. Antimutagenic effects of extracts can be explained by the properties of contained in them B vitamins and sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine).

The study of the frequency of buccal epithelium cells with nuclear in athletes in dependence on the place got in the competition

Cytogenetic homeostasis ofathletes involved in hand-to-hand armyfighting, depending on the outcome of the fight and the level of aggressiveness has been studied. Status of the genetic apparatus in athletes was evaluated in buccal epithelium with the use of micronucleus test, which is widely usedfor the determination of the influence of various factors on the genetic stability of the organism. Psychological testing of athletes was executed with the use of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scale, Bass-Darky questionnaire for the diagnostics of aggression and hostile reactions, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire test for the evaluation ofpsychic conditions and method of U.P. Ilyin and P.A. Kovalev for the identification of the propensity to conflictness and aggressiveness (positive and negative) as the personal characteristics. The place taken by the athlete on the competition was shown to have an impact on the frequency of buccal epithelium cells with nuclear abnormalities (micronuclei, perinuclear vacuoles, notches, protrusions "tongue" and "broken egg”). Losers have nuclear aberrations more than winners. At that in athletes with higher aggressiveness and its attendant psychological characteristics the influence of the outcome of the competition on the number of cells with aberrations core is more pronounced.

Генетична структура сазана амурського ТзОВ «Карпатський водограй»

The purpose. To study genetic structure of breed herd of Amur carp selected in «Karpatskyi vodohrai» Ltd. (Lviv oblast) with the use of different types of markers and to determine the level of somatic mutagenesis by the microkernel test. Methods. Laboratory researches, computer statistical analysis. Results. Genetic structure of Amur carp on separate types of molecular-genetic markers (DNA-markers, genetic-biochemical systems) is studied. Species-specific features of genetic structure on probed loci are determined. The level of actual and expected heterozygosity is calculated. Increased allele and genotypic variety of genetic structure can be caused by a little heightened intensity of the carried out selection work. The detected excess of heterozygotes on separate loci testifies to presence of stabilization processes of genetic structure. Research of the level of somatic mutagenesis is also carried out at use of micronucleus test. Conclusions. At use of different types of molecular-genetic markers the information on genetic structure of a carp and its variety on genome level is gained. These results testify to the following: genome preserved resistant gene complexes, despite of significant selection effort. The applied genetically-statistical approaches can be used for monitoring genetic structure of groups of a carp of Ukraine, determination of the level of consolidation and phylogenetic links between them with their subsequent genetic certification. Results of researches of the level of somatic mutagenesis at use of micronucleus test shown that the probed group of fishes was characterized by average level of erythrocytes with micronucleus MNE (4,7±0,3‰), low level of lymphocytes with micronucleus and binucleate lymphocytes which total has made 3,5±0,3‰ that in its turn testifies to satisfactory conditions of selection.

Genotoxicity assessment and oxidative stress responses in freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to fenthion formulations

Fenthion is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides for the control of many varieties of pests in Nigeria. The genotoxic effect of the pesticide was evaluated in the blood erythrocytes of Clarias gariepinus using the micronucleus (MN) test. The oxidative stress parameters were also studied in the liver and gill tissues. Fish were exposed to 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mgL−1 of fenthion and sampling was done on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and after 7-day recovery. Micronuclei induction was highest (7.55) on day 14 at all concentrations in the peripheral blood cells. Oxidative stress was evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation (LPO). Maximum LPO values of 62.47% and 71.17% were observed in the gill and liver tissues respectively in C. gariepinus exposed to 8.0 mgL−1 concentration of fenthion. There were alterations in the values of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) during the exposure and recovery periods. The 7-day recovery period was not adequate to eliminate fenthion-induced changes as LPO, CAT, and GR activity remain elevated. However, MN frequency and activity of SOD, GSH, and GPx (except at 8.0 mgL−1) recovered. The present findings give further credence on the integrated use of MN test and oxidative stress parameters in risk assessment of pollutants in aquatic ecosystem.

Detection of clastogenic and aneugenic damage in newborn rats

The last 25 years have seen an ever-growing use of the erythrocyte micronucleus test for measuring damage to mammalian chromosomes in vivo. In addition, staining micronuclei with antikinetochore antibodies from CREST serum discriminates aneugenic from clastogenic damage. The use of the micronucleus test in rats, however, has been problematic because the spleen of adult rats efficiently removes micronucleated erythrocytes from the blood. In the present study, we have treated 5-day-old rats with either X-rays (a clastogen) or vinblastine (an aneugen) and measured micronuclei in erythrocytes from the blood and liver. Each treatment increased the frequency of micronuclei in both tissues, with the percentages of CREST-staining micronuclei reflecting the mechanism of micronucleus induction by the two agents. The results indicate that performing the micronucleus assay in the liver and peripheral blood of 5-day-old rats may be a useful approach for detecting the in vivo genotoxicity of chemical and physical agents.

The use of micronucleus test for detection of genotoxic damage to the thyroid gland

We studied the possibility of using the micronucleus test in in vivo experiments on the model of rat follicular thyrocytes prestimulated to cell division (hemithyroidectomy). Single administration of N-nitroso-N-methylurea produced a significant dose-dependent effect on micronucleus formation in thyrocytes and polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow. The test system allowed us to reveal a cumulative effect of 2-fold and 4-fold treatment with the mitogen in low or subthreshold doses on the thyroid gland. Our results indicate that the micronucleus test is an informative method for the analysis of the effect of genotoxic agents on the thyroid parenchyma.

Cytological effects of khat (Catha edulis) in somatic and male germ cells of mice.

Cytological effects of khat (Catha edulis), a popular drug of abuse from Southern Arabia and Eastern Africa, have been studied in Swiss albino mice. The studies on the somatic system involved the use of micronucleus test and the cytological analysis of the mitotic index in the femoral cells of mice. In the micronucleus test, the mice were treated with different doses of khat extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 and 6 hours before sacrificing the animals. The polychromatic erythrocytes were screened for the induction of micronuclei. For the analysis of bone marrow cytotoxicity, the mice were treated with the dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, body weight, p.o. daily for 5 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed and the femoral cells were microscopically examined for the mitoses. Following the same schedule of treatment, studies on the cytogenetic analysis of meiotic chromosomal aberrations and the sperm head abnormality were undertaken. Khat extract significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, induced bone marrow depression and reduced the mitotic index of the somatic cells. It induced significant chromosomal aberrations viz., aneuploids, autosomal univalents, univalents of the sex chromosomes and polyploids. The frequency of abnormal sperms was also increased.