Abstract
When growing fish in high-tech breeding systems, it is exposed to many stress factors. To reduce stress, we used spore forms of microorganisms — Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, possessing probiotic properties. Two groups were formed, a control group and an experimental group that received probiotic microorganisms with feed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of microorganisms — Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis to reduce stress in fishes. For this indicator points were selected — stress hormone cortisol and antioxidant defense enzymes. The research results showed that stress level assessed by cortisol in fishes fed with probiotic microorganisms is 2.8 times lower than in the control group. The use of micronucleus test to assess cytogenetic damage showed that against the probiotic microbiota background, the number of cells with fragmented nuclei decreases by 5.7 times. Antioxidant defense enzyme activity when using Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis increased, indicating activation of the defense system against oxidative stress. The obtained results demonstrated the high efficiency of the use of spore forms Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis when growing catfish in high-tech fish farming systems. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-016-00127.
Highlights
Today, industrial aquaculture is becoming more and more focused on high-tech fish farming systems, which are considered the top of modern fish farming
When assessing the cytogenetic homeostasis of fish grown under closed water supply (CWS), there were obtained results, indicating that probiotic microorganisms introduced with food to reduce the cortisol level in the fish blood and the frequency of cell formation with micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes of catfish
The micronuclear test showed a decrease in the percentage of erythrocytes with destructive changes in the nucleus in fish fed with food containing spore forms Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis
Summary
Industrial aquaculture is becoming more and more focused on high-tech fish farming systems, which are considered the top of modern fish farming. Industry progress has become a knowledge-based process. It is provided by innovative technologies that increase the efficiency and profitability of fish farming. Aquaculture is one of the rapidly growing sectors of agriculture. Its progress allows to increase the production of marketable products, primarily due to the optimization of hydrochemical regime parameters, feed composition and the use of probiotics [1, 2]. Probiotics in agricultural production appeared in connection with the development of biotechnology for the microbial preparations production. The problem of the effective use of probiotics in aquaculture has become urgent
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