Use Of Metacognitive Reading Strategies Research Articles

The Relationship of Metacognitive Reading Strategies Used by Saudi EFL Learners and their Emotional Intelligence

Reading comprehension is a complex process that is based on several factors such as emotion, intelligence, cognition, metacognition and like. It has been proved that there is a strong correlation between the use of metacognitive strategies and reading comprehension. This study investigated the relationship between Saudi EFL learners’ emotional intelligence and using metacognitive reading strategies. The sample of the study consisted of 100 Saudi EFL learners across the age range of 18-35 who were selected randomly from different Saudi universities. The participants were homogenized through administering a reading comprehension test. The main instruments included Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Petrides, 2009) and Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002) Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) that measured the use of metacognitive reading strategies. The results revealed a highly positive connection between the Saudi EFL students’ emotional intelligence and the use of metacognitive reading strategies. Furthermore, practical implications were provided for EFL learners, teachers, and curriculum and program designers and developers.

Confronting the difficult challenges of academic reading of Indonesian graduate students through the lens of self-efficacy and metacognitive strategies

Students’ self-efficacy and reading strategies have been globally investigated. However, there is a limited number of studies in Indonesia that examined the correlation between self-efficacy and metacognitive reading strategies. This study aimed to find out the correlation between students’ self-efficacy and metacognitive reading strategies, their perceptions of self-efficacy, and their metacognitive strategies. This mixed-method study used a Likert scale questionnaire and interview to collect the data. From the quantitative data analysis, the results show that there is a positive correlation between students’ self-efficacy and metacognitive reading strategies of the Indonesian graduate students, which was significant at the 0.01 level (r = .970, n = 33). The students used the most metacognitive strategies in every stage of reading to a high degree. They also shared different strategies used when students encountered difficulties (St. 5, M=4.12). From the qualitative data analysis, the students applied four different strategies for each reading stage. They also shared the different reasons concerning the use of metacognitive reading strategies. This current study offers one major implication. Since the students’ levels of self-efficacy are affected by extrinsic aspects, teachers need to develop a professional identity that enables them to support students in developing self-beliefs and metacognitive reading strategies.

Investigation of the Relationship between Reading Habits and Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Prospective Teachers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between prospective teachers’ metacognitive reading strategies and their reading habits. The study was designed in correlation model. The sample of the study was determined by simple random sampling. The sample of the study consists of 506 prospective teachers out of which 255 are on Primary Education and 249 are on Preschool Education. In the research, Book Reading Habit Attitude Scale and Metacognitive Reading Strategies Scale were used as data collection tools. While there is no significant difference in the reading habits of the prospective teachers, there is a significant difference in the use of metacognitive strategies in favor of the female prospective teachers. The reading habits of prospective teachers and the extent to which they use metacognitive reading strategies do not differ by department and grade level. In addition, it was found that there was a moderately significant relationship between prospective teachers' use of metacognitive reading strategies and the level of reading habits.

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES USED BY EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN READING ENGLISH TEXT

This study aims to investigate most of metacognitive strategies used by fifth semester students of English
 Education Study Program in academic year 2020/2021 and also investigate their metacognitive awareness.
 Eighty-nine students were participated in this study including 27 males and 62 females. The current study
 used quantitative approach with survey design in which the author used a questionnaire to evaluate students’
 responses. Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) was used to investigate the reading strategies used by
 students while reading English texts. Furthermore, it also used to assess metacognitive reading awareness
 of students. The findings reveal that the participants’ overall use of metacognitive reading strategies
 (Global, Problem-solving, and Support reading strategies) was at a high to medium level. There are 12
 strategies used with high frequency while 18 strategies used with medium frequency and no strategy
 reported using low frequency. Among of these three metacognitive categories, problem solving appears to
 be the most strategies used by participants and followed by global reading and support reading. The present
 study also reveals that they are have high- to low-level awareness of metacognitive strategies. From the
 interview, also found that most students rely more on google translate.

ASSESSING THE SELF-PERCEIVED USE OF READING STRATEGIES IN ESL READING COMPREHENSION: A NEEDS ANALYSIS

Despite great appreciation on the important roles played by metacognitive reading strategies in the attainment of comprehension, heightened prevalence of reading difficulties is depicted among Malaysian learners. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the current status of self-perceived use of metacognitive reading strategies among the ESL learners in six secondary schools in one of the districts in Sabah. Utilizing an adapted version of Revised Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI-R), data was obtained from 274 ESL learners in the same district. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the mean scores of three sub reading strategies, namely global reading strategies, problem-solving strategies and support strategies. The findings revealed that despite being aware of the use of metacognitive reading strategies, little emphasis was given on optimizing the use of global reading and support strategies, resulting in only medium usage of these two strategies. Therefore, it may be concluded that the findings implied the need to develop a reading comprehension module that incorporates the use of metacognitive reading strategies within reading comprehension instruction to facilitate Malaysian ESL learners to improve their reading comprehension.

Male and female Indonesian EFL undergraduate students’ metacognitive strategies in academic reading: planning, monitoring and evaluation strategies

Metacognitive strategies have been investigated as helping tools for students’ reading comprehension, but their use may vary between males and females. Though gender is an essential factor in language learning, few studies highlighted the influence of gender on the metacognitive reading strategy use by Indonesian students. To fill in the gap, this study investigated the use of metacognitive strategies during academic reading from a gender perspective. A mixed-method was adopted, with open-ended and close-ended questionnaires and a semi-structured interview used to gather the data. From the quantitative data analysis, the students used most metacognitive strategies to a high degree. The only significantly different strategy use was guessing meaning (F=0.232, p<0.05), where male students used it more often. From the qualitative data analysis, the female students used more strategy variations than the male students (20 and 18 strategy variations respectively). The students shared some similar and some different reasons to use metacognitive reading strategies. The results suggested the gender influence on male students to make predictions. The findings from this research will prompt English teachers to introduce metacognitive strategies in reading through appropriate instructions and guidance to enable the students to implement and develop their metacognitive strategies in academic reading.

Enhancing Metacognitive Scaffolding and Comprehension Ability through Problem-Based Learning in an EFL Context

Successful reading necessitates the application of metacognitive reading strategies, which have been proven to be effective in enhancing comprehension in EFL contexts. This quasiexperimental study, thus, aimed to implement a problem-based learning method (PBL) in an EFL instructional setting to investigate its effect on EFL learners’ metacognitive reading strategies awareness and use and their comprehension ability. Two groups of students at the elementary level, one experimental (N = 40) and one control (N = 40) were selected. Their homogeneity in English proficiency was probed by Key English Test (KET). The experimental group received PBL and the control group followed the explicit lecture-based teaching method. The two groups completed pre- and posttest of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies inventory (MARSI) and reading comprehension. The findings based on univariate analysis of covariance indicated that the experimental group had high metacognitive reading strategies awareness and enhanced their comprehension ability to a high extent. Practitioners should pay special attention to the PBL method in EFL contexts if they want to enhance metacognitive strategies awareness and cultivate effective reading.

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Instruction on Metacognitive Strategies on EFL Reading Comprehension: The Case of Foundation-Level Students in Oman

The current quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of metacognitive reading strategies on the reading comprehension and attitudes of Omani EFL foundation-level students. The sample of the study included two intact classes (N=45) and was selected based on the students’ results in the midterm reading comprehension exam and their responses to the metacognitive strategies survey (MARSI). One class functioned as the experimental group, which received instruction relating to the metacognitive reading strategies. The other class was the control group which received conventional reading instruction. Two instruments were used to collect data: a pre-post reading comprehension test to measure the students’ performance in reading and an attitude questionnaire to investigate their attitudes towards metacognitive reading strategies use. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the learners’ reading comprehension in the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group as a result of metacognitive reading strategies instruction. Results also showed that students in the experimental group held positive attitudes towards using metacognitive reading strategies use. In the light of these findings, implications and recommendations for practice were put forward.

A metacognição em leitura e sua relação com proficiência leitora em L1 e L2

Uma das atividades cognitivas em que a metacognição se evidencia é na proficiência leitora, por meio do acesso à consciência metacognitiva de estratégias de leitura e do emprego de estratégias metacognitivas leitoras. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar: a) se existe uma relação entre a metacognição na leitura em L1 (português – P) e a proficiência em leitura em L1 (P) ou em L2 (inglês – I); e b) se há uso diverso de estratégias e maior consciência metacognitiva nos grupos com maior proficiência leitora em L1 e L2. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo empírico com 54 universitários, divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com a proficiência leitora alta ou baixa, em inglês ou em português. Os participantes resolveram as seguintes tarefas: autorrelato de consciência metacognitiva de estratégias de leitura, adaptado de Mokhtari e Reichard (2002), Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), e instrumento de avaliação da compreensão leitora e do uso de estratégias com método de protocolo retrospectivo escrito. Observou-se correlação entre MARSI e categorias de estratégias com proficiência leitora em L1 e L2. A pesquisa pretende destacar a importância do papel da consciência metacognitiva nos processos leitores e, especialmente, do desenvolvimento da proficiência leitora em língua materna.

Investigating EFL Learners’ Awareness of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Students in Different Disciplines

This research explores the awareness and use of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies of Omani EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students studying different disciplines. The participants were three hundred and seventy-five Omani EFL first year diploma students studying biology, business, information technology, engineering, and English in a higher education institution in Oman. The study compared and contrasted strategy use across disciplines and examined the relationships among strategy preferences and discipline. Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS), a self-report questionnaire by Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002) was used to collect data. Statistical and descriptive analysis indicates that Omani EFL learner's most preferred category of reading strategies was cognitive strategies, followed by support strategies and metacognitive strategies. One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) revealed no significant differences between students of the disciplines mentioned above in terms of strategy preferences for metacognitive, cognitive, and support strategies. The findings provide insight for curriculum developers and teachers towards the strategy preferences of Omani EFL students.

Metacognitive reading strategies awareness and metacognitive reading strategies use of EFL university students across gender

This study investigates EFL students’ metacognitive reading strategies awareness and their metacognitive reading strategies use. It also compares female and male EFL students in terms of their metacognitive reading strategies awareness and metacognitive reading strategies use. The quantitative research method is used through the survey research design. The study involves 53 undergraduate students, consisting of 33 females and 20 males. The data are collected by using a questionnaire of Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI-R inventory) developed by Mokhtari et al. (2018). The strategies on the MARSI-R inventory were scored on 1-5 scales. The data were analyzed through a simple calculation to find out the level of awareness of the students, and the statistical test of independent sample t-test were conducted to know the difference between females and males. The results show that all of the students possess high metacognitive reading strategies awareness, indicating high metacognitive reading strategies use. Despite there is a different level of awareness between female and male students, further analysis using an independent sample t-test shows that the level of awareness between the two is .742 (p0.05), meaning that the difference is not significant. The result of the research also shows that there are no significant differences in all subscales of metacognitive reading strategies use across gender. The p-value for global reading strategies is .224, for problem-solving strategies is .486, and for support reading strategies is .249. Thus, gender plays no role in determining the metacognitive reading strategies awareness and metacognitive reading strategies use.

The Relationship between Iranian EFL Learners’ Emotional Intelligence and Metacognitive Reading Strategies Use

Although emotional intelligence (EI) and metacognitive strategies have been addressed by different researchers across the globe, the relationship between EI and the use of metacognitive reading strategies by L2 learners needs further exploration. To fill this gap, at least partially, the present study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and the use of metacognitive reading strategies by EFL learners. Based on the convenience sampling method, 119 Iranian EFL learners across the age range of 18-27 were selected as the earlier subjects. These subjects were then homogenized through the administration of the PET reading test, which reduced the number of the participants to 102 intermediate EFL. The main instruments included Bar-On's (1997) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Mokhtari and Sheorey’s (2002) Survey of Reading Strategies Questionnaire (SORS) that measured metacognitive reading strategies use. The results revealed a moderate and positive correlation between a) emotional intelligence and the use of metacognitive reading strategies; b) intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, adaptability, and general mood and global metacognitive strategies; c) intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, and general mood and problem-solving metacognitive strategies; and d) intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, and general mood and support metacognitive strategies. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis results indicated that the EI scales of general mood and interpersonal skills significantly contributed to the prediction of the use of metacognitive reading strategies by EFL learners.

The Use of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies in Secondary School Contexts

The Use of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies in Secondary School Contexts

Measuring Moroccan English Department University Students’ (Meta) Cognitive Awareness and Usage of Reading Strategies

Grounded in an exploratory research design, the current study is centrally aimed at gauging the Moroccan English department learners’ awareness and use of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies (RSs). It seeks to determine the extent to which EFL learners are (meta) cognitively conscious of the use of text-based strategies. To put a bright spotlight on this issue and disclose EFL learners’ dynamic potential pertaining to metacognitive strategy knowledge, a sample of sixty-three (63) EFL learners majoring in English Studies (first-semester) were targeted. The obtained data were gathered by means of the retrospective questionnaire (RQ) and the reading comprehension texts (e.g., narrative, expository). The overall findings manifestly show that Moroccan EFL learners’ (meta) cognitive strategy awareness and usage are characterized by insufficiency. Thus, a range of implied suggestions related to the EFL learners’ reading strategy consciousness and use in academic textual reading are put forward and some encountered research limitations are stated.

Metacognitive Reading Strategies Use by English and French Foreign Language Learners

he present study aims to investigate the use of metacognitive reading strategies by 240 fourth-year students majoring in English Language and Literature or French Language and Literature at Jordanian universities. The Survey of Reading Strategies Questionnaire (SORS) (Mokhtari and Sheorey, 2002) was used for data collection. It consists of 30 items divided into three reading strategies: Problem Solving strategies, Support strategies, and Global strategies. The findings showed that English language learners and French language learners reported moderate use of metacognitive reading strategies and a tendency towards the use of Global reading strategy (M= 3.06) more than Support (M= 3.01) and Problem Solving (M= 2.88) strategies. Significant differences existed in the categories of metacognitive reading strategies use between the two groups of the study. The findings indicated that foreign language learners might recognize which strategies to use, but they may not have knowledge of how to use them successfully. They need to know how to use reading strategies correctly not only to know which strategies to employ. It is recommended that larger-scale studies be conducted to investigate the relationship among reading strategies of language learners, texts of different difficulties and lengths, and learning styles. Keywords: Metacognitive reading strategies, global strategies, support strategies, problem.

Metodologia para a análise de assunto de acórdãos no contexto do controle externo: proposta de um modelo de leitura técnica

Apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que investigou o problema da carência de metodologias na literatura da Biblioteconomia e da Ciência da Informação, para a análise de assunto de documentos jurídicos do tipo acórdão. Sendo a análise de assunto essencialmente subjetiva, são necessários procedimentos metodológicos sistematizados para objetivá-la e, assim, obter maior consistência na representação temática da informação. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para a sistematização da análise de assunto do acórdão, visando minimizar a subjetividade inerente ao processo de análise desse documento durante a leitura técnica. A metodologia adotada na pesquisa foi caracterizada como qualitativa, exploratória e de natureza aplicada, na forma de um estudo de caso, no âmbito do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais. A partir de aportes teórico-conceituais da Biblioteconomia, Ciência da Informação e Direito, construiu-se um modelo de leitura técnica de acórdãos dos tribunais de contas, cujos fundamentos são a estrutura temática desse documento; a identificação de conceitos essenciais a partir de questionamentos; o uso de estratégias cognitivas e metacognitvas de leitura; e a adoção das categorias de análise temática definidas por Guimarães. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a prática sistematizada da análise de assunto pode objetivar o processo de análise ao definir os procedimentos metodológicos para o indexador realizar a atividade.

Examination the Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Secondary School Sixth Grade Students

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of metacognitive reading strategies of the sixth grade middle school students. The method of this research is survey design. Multistage cluster sampling was used to determine the sample. The sample of the study consisted of 388 students attending five public schools randomly selected. The sample of the students consisted of 200 girls; 188 are boys. The metacognitive reading questionnaire was used to determine the metacognitive reading strategies used by the students. The metacognitive reading strategies scale was applied by the researcher in the classroom environment. The survey was conducted by the researcher. The data obtained as a result of these applications were uploaded to the computer, the percentage, frequency, t test results were reached by using SPSS 20. According to the results of the study, sixth grade students frequently use pre-reading, pre- and post-metacognitive reading strategies, and less frequently recall strategies. Students pay attention to the parts that are important in the text and evaluate the text and comprehension status after reading.

The Relationship between Metacognitive Reading Strategy Awareness and Reading Comprehension among freshman EFL Students, Ethiopia

The study was an attempt to investigate the level of awareness on Metacognitive reading strategies among first year Ethiopian EFL students. It also tried to figure out the possible relationship between Metacognitive reading strategies use and reading comprehension achievement. Ninety-four EFL learners participated in the study. Metacognitive reading strategy inventory and reading comprehension test were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics to determine the mean value of strategies employed by the learners. Moreover, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to discover the association between reading strategy use and reading comprehension achievement. According to the findings Ethiopian EFL learners ,were almost near to the lower limit (M=2.55,Sd.=0.34)line of medium level reading strategy users. Furthermore, the use of metacognitive reading strategy had weak correlation (r=0.21,p=0.039) with reading comprehension achievement. The possible cause of this could be lack of awareness on how to regulate and monitor reading comprehension.

A Descriptive Analysis of the Metacognitive Reading Strategies Employed by EFL College Students in Kuwait

The study measured the awareness and use of metacognitive reading strategies among English as a foreign language (EFL) students at a medical college in Kuwait. The college offers a four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and a two-year Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN). Data collection involved distributing the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI) online through Google Forms to a sample of 80 students (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002). Data were analyzed for strategy use, variations in strategy use between the BSN and ADN students, and the most and the least frequently-used strategies by the participating students. Microsoft Excel software generated the means, percentages, rankings, and standard deviations of strategy use. Findings indicated that the participating students were overall highly aware of metacognitive reading strategies. Moreover, the results showed that while the participating students were high users of problem-solving and global strategies, they were medium users of support strategies. The results also indicated that years of studying English showed a possible impact on the variations in strategy use between the participating students at the BSN and ADN programs. Finally, the analysis revealed that while the most frequently-used strategies among the participants were problem-solving strategies followed by global strategies, the least frequently-used strategies were support strategies. Implications for pedagogy included the need for English teachers to first identify their students’ awareness of metacognitive reading strategies. Second, English teachers can implement evidence-based instruction to maximize the use of students’ metacognitive reading strategies.

Enhancing Comprehension by Effectively Using Reading Strategies

The paper examined the reading strategies used by ESL learners at University of Bahrain to comprehend academic material. It investigated the interdependence between the use of reading strategies by ESL learners’ and their reading comprehension attainment. To accomplish this goal, three instruments were used: a survey of the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) by Mokhtari and Sheorey (2002) and a Pre-reading comprehension test and Post-reading comprehension test and a paired sample t-test. The paper used quantitative data collected from 100 students studying in the Foundation Program at the English Language Centre and Department of Applied Studies at University of Bahrain. The findings of this research showed a notably positive relationship between the use of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies by the students and their reading comprehension achievement. The compilation of the quantitative data, displayed that students practiced Global Reading Strategies appreciably, followed subsequently by Support Reading Strategies and Problem Solving Reading Strategies.