Use Of Mechanical Methods Research Articles

A New Mechanism of Male Plug for Electrical Protection

There are many inventions to avoid the risk of electric contact in the plug. However, the objective of the invention resulting from the research is the proposal of a complementary measure to the existing ones, solving the specific problem of electrocutions that occur in the action of connection and disconnection, due to the contact of the user with the active parts of the plug. The research has focused on the proposal of a design solution that solves the problem of electrocution in these particular and common cases. The objective of this article is the disclosure of a male plug protection mechanism, which has been carried out solely with the use of mechanical methods. Its importance lies in the simplicity and feasibility of the registered utility model as well as in the importance that its implementation may entail for the prevention of serious accidents in the electrical field for domestic and industrial use. The work shows the mechanism and operation of the invention of the proposed male plug in terms of protection against electrical hazards.

Juxtaposition of Push-Type Wheel Hoe to Evaluate Its Weeding Coherence and Impair on Eggplant

Abstract: A study was done to access the best suited mechanical weed control method in eggplant crop as use of mechanical methods in eggplant crop will enhance the crop growth and reduce the use of herbicides and chemicals that affect the soil properties of crop. The weeding efficiency of the wheel hoe1 and wheel hoe2 was calculated at different levels of forward speed and depth of weeding in Allahabad region in eggplant crop at 21st, 40th and 75th day after sowing. The plant damage was recorded at the fifth day after the weeding operation was performed in the field. The plant damage increased as the speed of operation increased but the depth of operation had no significant effect on the plant damage. Plant damage was dependent upon the skill of the operator and environmental factors like sunshine, wind etc

Determination of the influence of dispersion of iron-containing component on technological properties of molding and rod mixtures.

The presented results of researches of choice of rational method of receipt of ferruginous constituent of different dispersion are in bullet mills for formings and cored Iron-phosphatic a mixture of KHTS, and also influence of dispersion of dross on durability at the clench of mixture of this type.It was found that to obtain a highly dispersed iron-containing component of phosphate КHTS in the current production is the most rational use of mechanical method - ie grinding in ball mills, as it is effective both technologically and economically, given including the prevalence of this type of equipment. Each of the scale samples was loaded into a ball mill according to the instructions and ground for 40 minutes. Every 5 minutes, the mill was stopped and a sample weighing 100 grams was taken, after which the particle size distribution of the scale in this sample was determined. According to the literature, there is no generally accepted classification according to the particle size distribution [7]. This is due to the variety of purposes for which the particle size distribution of a material is determined. The particle size distribution of various materials is set by standards and technical conditions, which are developed for each individual consumer of this raw material. The normative document for determining the particle size distribution of metallurgical plants is currently unknown. The granulometric composition of rolled scale after grinding it in a ball mill was determined. The specific surface area of scale at the level of 2300-2500 m2 / g is achieved after 20 minutes of grinding in ball mills, which confirms the technological feasibility of their use for grinding the metal component of iron-phosphate HTS. The obtained data on a sufficiently high compressive strength of samples of iron-phosphate mixture, reaching 3.5 - 4 MPa, and is quite acceptable for use in the mixture for the production of bulk sand molds and rods, showed the prospects for further research in this direction .

Work process control mechanisms of diesel engine

The article discusses the issue of reducing the specific fuel consumption and improving the environmental performance of internal combustion engines by changing the working process to obtain high-quality and timely heat release as a result of fuel combustion. The purpose of workflow control is to create favorable conditions for fuel ignition. The ways of occurrence of ignition centers in the combustion chamber are considered. The main periods of fuel supply, the duration of ignition depending on the lag time, the combustion process, the influence of the fuel supply advance angle on the environmental parameters of the engine are highlighted. The possibility of controlling the working process during the preparation of the beginning of combustion is substantiated and examples of mechanisms of domestic and foreign analogs that provide control of the working process are given. Conclusion - high performance management of the workflow is provided by the electronic control system - common rail, despite the widespread use of mechanical methods.

Деякі можливості застосування супутникових даних при моніторингу впливу на довкілля видобування титанових руд відкритим способом (на прикладі родовища Межирічне)

The development process of titanium ore deposits is always accompanied by anthropogenic changes in natural landscapes, which, in turn, leads to several negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor mining areas. This paper presents the results of satellite monitoring of the Mezhyrichne deposit territory of the Irshansk placers group, which has been developed for over 20 years. The assessment of the ecological state includes assessment of forests condition, factors impacting the microclimate and the level of pollution by iron oxides and hydroxides. Spectral indices NDVI, NDWI and leaf area index (LAI) were used to assess the condition of forests. Among the factors impacting the microclimate, values of surface temperature distribution and evapotranspiration according to the Sebal model were calculated. As a result of the study, water loss in trees was detected within adjacent areas to the mining concessions due to the groundwater flow into cones of depression, formed under the influence of quarrying. The analysis of surface temperature distribution and evapotranspiration showed a simultaneous increase in the first one and a decrease in the second one, which is a signal of negative changes in microclimate. No significant contamination of the earth’s surface with iron oxides was detected. The maximum values of the iron oxide index (IOR) are associated with the mining concession objects especially the tailings. In general, the impact of open-pit mining of ilmenite on the environment is not critical, which is due to the use of mechanical methods of ore enrichment. The main changes of the environment take place within the mining concessions, which territory is subject to mandatory restoration after exploitation is stopped. Further research is planned to involve new modern multispectral satellite data and new methods of digital information processing in combination with ground truth measurements.

Research quality in the study of mechanical methods of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis.

There is a lack of good-quality recent clinical data to support the use of mechanical methods to prevent deep vein thrombosis. Recommendations and meta-analyses have to rely on old data from evaluations of devices that are no longer available, with diagnostic methods that are obsolete. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the reasons why better recent evidence is not available, and how this will affect innovation in mechanical deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. Analysis of recent published trials shows great variability in techniques and technologies, which complicates evaluation of the effectiveness of properties of intermittent pneumatic compression, graduated compression stockings, and electrical stimulation devices. Negative controlled trials have become difficult to conduct, and low rates of deep vein thrombosis have left many comparative trials of devices underpowered. There is a risk that if new approaches to enable clinical research are not developed that technological advancement of mechanical prophylaxis will be inhibited.

Mechanical methods of venous thromboembolism prevention – from the guidelines to the clinical practice

The paper discusses guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE), with particular emphasis on the use of mechanical methods. Mechanical prophylaxis of VTE does not involve the risk of bleeding, which may be life‑threatening. Mechanical methods are particularly recommended in patients at high risk of bleeding while on pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. Although antithrombotic prophylaxis is safe and cost‑effective, there is evidence that the majority of preventive measures are applied too rarely in clinical practice, and that only a small proportion of patients receive complete and appropriate prophylaxis in the real‑world clinical setting.

Impacts of Intensive Dusting or Spraying with Varroa Control Materials on Honey Bee Workers and Drones

One of the safest methods to reduce Varroa infestation in honey bee colonies is the use of mechanical methods. Dusting or spraying honey bees with some materials (e.g. powdered sugar or oxalic acid solution) can be considered as safe mechanical methods. In this study, the effects of dusting or spraying on the survival rate of honey bee workers and drones were investigated. The results showed that using dusting (with powdered sugar, wheat flour, talcum powder or magnesium carbonate) or spraying (with sugar syrup, or mix of sugar syrup and oxalic acid) can reduce the survival of honey bees except spraying using sugar syrup. Repeating the use of powdered sugar or mix of sugar syrup and oxalic acid (3%) for one, two or three times showed reduction in the survival rate of workers and drones. The intensive use of dusting or spraying over bees is not recommended. Spraying bees with sugar syrup only or mixed with oxalic acid is advisable during Varroa control than dusting bees with powdered sugar.

Nonchemical Eradication of an Introduced Trout from a Headwater Complex in Banff National Park, Canada

AbstractNonnative salmonids have been intentionally introduced in North America for over a century and are now implicated in the decline of native aquatic species. Current management objectives for some national parks are to remove invasive species, where feasible. We evaluated the use of mechanical methods (gill nets and electrofishing) to eliminate a naturalized population of nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in a subalpine headwater basin. We required a total of 1,383 continuous net nights/ha (net nights = number of nets × number of nights) over 5 years to completely eradicate 1,527 Brook Trout from both Lower (9.7 ha; 6 m maximum depth) and Middle (23.1 ha; 25 m maximum depth) Devon Lakes, Alberta, Canada. Electrofishing along the shoreline of both lakes resulted in the capture of 301 Brook Trout over 4 years. We required a total of 52.1 h/km of electrofishing over 5 years to completely remove 3,288 Brook Trout from the upper 4.5 km of the Clearwater River. We verified the absence of fish in the lakes with 1,558 net nights/ha of sampling over 4 years and in the river with 13.6 h/km over 2 years. This project confirms that mechanical methods are a viable option for removing introduced fish, even in relatively large (up to 20 ha) and deep (up to 25 m) mountain lakes. We surmised that our success (relative to that of projects described in the literature) was due to (1) the relatively simple alpine habitat, in which river and lake margins were clear of macrophytes, suspended sediment, and overhanging riparian vegetation, and (2) the sheer magnitude of our effort.

Research on Service Life of Flame Resistant Materials in the Exhibition Hall by the Use of Mechanical Method of the Meso Damage Mechanics

The population in the exhibition hall is relatively dense, and fire incidents often occur, so the existence of flame resistant materials is very important. The flame resistant materials are used to analyze the museums, art galleries, science and technology museums and other exhibition halls. Taking two kinds of flame resistant materials, namely, Mg(OH) 2 and Al(OH) 3 as an example, this paper establishes a model of meso damage mechanics by the use of mechanical method of the meso damage mechanics, and researches the macro mechanical properties of the thermal insulation materials and decorative materials so as to predict its service life. This research finds that the use of two kinds of flame resistant materials, namely, Mg(OH) 2 and Al(OH) 3 can improve the elasticity modulus of the thermal insulation materials and decorative materials used in the construction, so that its macro mechanical properties can have a significant improvement, and its service life can also have a significant improvement after adding flame retardant materials.

Cyanoacrylate Therapy for Bleeding Gastric Varices: A Community-Based Case Series and Results of a Survey of U.S. Endoscopists

Introduction: Current GI society guidelines specify cyanoacrylate injection as the preferred treatment for bleeding gastric varices. However, little is known regarding the use of this treatment in routine practice in the U.S. The purposes of this study were: 1) To evaluate the outcomes of cyanoacrylate injection for bleeding gastric varices in a community-based practice, and 2) To conduct a survey of treatment preferences of bleeding gastric varices among U.S. endoscopists. Methods: 1) Retrospective review of patients with bleeding gastric varices in a large U.S. communitybased practice from 2009 to 2014. Among these patients, n-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate injection was the primary method of endoscopic therapy. 2) Online survey of U.S. endoscopists regarding practice patterns of treatment of bleeding gastric varices and factors affecting choice of treatment. Results: Please see tables. Conclusion: Similar to previous studies, this series demonstrated a high success rate and low complication rate among patients treated with cyanoacrylate injection for bleeding gastric varices. Survey data of U.S. endoscopists revealed preferential use of mechanical methods for gastric variceal bleeding; nearly 90% of respondents expressed concerns about technical aspects of cyanoacrylate injection. These data suggest that cyanoacrylate therapy for bleeding gastric varices may be under-utilized by U.S. endoscopists.Table 1: Case Series of Bleeding Gastric Varices Treated With Cyanoacrylate ( N = 20)Table 2: Survey Data of U.S. Endoscopists ( N =443)

Risk of venous thromboembolic disease and adequacy of prophylaxis in hospitalized patients in Argentina: a multicentric cross-sectional study.

BackgroundVenous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is associated with high morbi-mortality. Adherence rate to the recommendations of antithrombotic prophylaxis guidelines (ATPG) is suboptimal. The aim of this study was to describe the adequacy of antithrombotic prophylaxis (ATP) in hospitalized patients as the initial stage of a program designed to improve physician adherence to –ATP recommendations in Argentina.MethodsThis study was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that included 28 Institutions throughout 5 provinces in Argentina.Results1315 patients were included, 729 (55.4%) were hospitalized for medical (clinical) reasons, and 586 (44.6%) for surgical reasons. Adequate ATP was provided to 66.9% of the patients and was more frequent in surgical (71%) compared to clinical (63.6%) subjects (p < 0.001). Inadequate ATP resulted from underuse in 76.6% of the patients. Among clinical, 203 (16%) had increased bleeding risk and mechanical ATP was used infrequently.ConclusionsThe adequacy of ATP was better in low VTE risk clinical and surgical patients and high VTE risk in orthopedic patients. There was worse adequacy in high risk patients (with active neoplasm) and in those with pharmacological ATP contraindications, in which the use of mechanical methods was scarce. The adequacy of ATP was greater at institutions with < 150 beds compared with larger institutions. This is the first multicentric study reporting ATP in Argentina. Understanding local characteristics of medical performance within our territory is the first step in order to develop measures for improving ATP in our environment.

Cervical Ripening in The Netherlands: A Survey

Objective. We aim to investigate methods and use of cervical ripening in women without and with a prior cesarean delivery in The Netherlands. Methods. In 2010, we conducted a postal survey in all Dutch hospitals with a labor ward. One gynecologist per hospital was addressed and was asked to respond on behalf of the staff. The questionnaire contained 31 questions concerning cervical ripening and induction of labor. We compared this survey to a similar Dutch survey conducted in 2006. Results. Response rate was 78% (70/92 hospitals). In women without a prior cesarean and in need of cervical ripening, all hospitals (100%) applied prostaglandins (either E1 or E2). In women with a prior cesarean, 21.4% of the hospitals performed an elective cesarean section if delivery was indicated (26.0% in 2006). In case of cervical ripening, 72.7% used mechanical methods (49.1% in 2006), 20.0% used prostaglandins (40.4% in 2006), 3.6% used a combination of prostaglandins and mechanical methods, and 3.6% used membrane-sweeping or oxytocin. Conclusions. In 2010, in The Netherlands, prostaglandins and Foley catheters were the preferred methods for cervical ripening in women without and with a prior cesarean, respectively. Use of mechanical methods in women with a prior cesarean has increased rapidly between 2006 and 2010, corresponding with decreasing use of prostaglandins and elective repeat cesarean sections.

The Dissolution Study For Sodium Selenite Tablets Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The development of a meaningful dissolution procedure for drug products with limited water solubility has been a challenge to both the pharmaceutical industry and the agencies that regulate them. Natural surfactants aid in the dissolution and subsequent absorption of drugs with limited aqueous solubility. In vitro, various techniques have been used to achieve adequate dissolution of the sparingly water – soluble or water insoluble drug products such as the use of mechanical methods (i.e., increased agitation and the disintegration method) or hydro alcoholic medium or large volumes of medium. The necessity of assuring the quality of drugs , especially those with low aqueous solubility and in vivo absorption , has led to the development and evaluation of new techniques that can reduce the time and cost of analysis. This study has been examines the efficiency and accuracy of an automated dissolution system, fitted with a simple, integrated, for analysis of generic drugs. Sodium Selenite 200 ?g tablets was chosen as model drugs for this study and comparison was made with a conventional analysis based on flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The analytical system under study gave reproducible and accurate results. Low instrumentation cost was demonstrated which is provide satisfactory elemental drugs analysis to a standard at least as good as that achieved using AAS.

The Dissolution Study For Sodium Selenite Tablets Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The development of a meaningful dissolution procedure for drug products with limited water solubility has been a challenge to both the pharmaceutical industry and the agencies that regulate them. Natural surfactants aid in the dissolution and subsequent absorption of drugs with limited aqueous solubility. In vitro, various techniques have been used to achieve adequate dissolution of the sparingly water – soluble or water insoluble drug products such as the use of mechanical methods (i.e., increased agitation and the disintegration method) or hydro alcoholic medium or large volumes of medium. The necessity of assuring the quality of drugs , especially those with low aqueous solubility and in vivo absorption , has led to the development and evaluation of new techniques that can reduce the time and cost of analysis. This study has been examines the efficiency and accuracy of an automated dissolution system, fitted with a simple, integrated, for analysis of generic drugs. Sodium Selenite 200 ?g tablets was chosen as model drugs for this study and comparison was made with a conventional analysis based on flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The analytical system under study gave reproducible and accurate results. Low instrumentation cost was demonstrated which is provide satisfactory elemental drugs analysis to a standard at least as good as that achieved using AAS.

Venous Thromboembolism and Its Prophylaxis in Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty: An International Perspective

Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) are at high risk of developing post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or a subsequent pulmonary embolus (PE). Despite best efforts, the best prophylaxis for thromboembolic disease remains controversial. This article aims to update the reader on the newest guidelines concerning venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for elective THAs, considering their advantages and disadvantages and highlighting their inconsistencies. The Medline database and the Internet were searched for VTE prophylaxis guidelines in English. Nine guidelines were found and compared. The comparison looked at the recommendations made, the grade of recommendation, the level of evidence available for these recommendations and any inconsistencies between the guidelines. All guidelines advocate the use of LMWH and almost all advocate the use of mechanical methods of prophylaxis. The recommended duration ranges from 7-35 days and in many cases, the duration is not specified. There is little consensus in terms of other recommended drugs, the doses, duration and their recommendation grades. There is still uncertainty about the optimal methods of thromboprophylaxis in elective total hip arthroplasty. Although there are always going to be disagreements about the endpoints amongst guideline makers, guidelines should achieve uniformity in their criteria for levels of evidence and recommendation grades, facilitating the clinician's decision-making process.

The state of forest vegetation management in Europe in the 21st century

COST (COST is an intergovernmental framework for European cooperation in science and technology. COST funds network activities, workshops and conferences with the aim to reducing the fragmentation in European research) Action E47, European Network for Forest Vegetation Management—Towards Environmental Sustainability was formed in 2005 and gathered scientists and practitioners from eighteen European countries with the objective of sharing current scientific advances and best practice in the field of forest vegetation management to identify common knowledge gaps and European research potentials. This paper summarizes the work of the COST action and concludes that although diverse countries have by necessity adopted different means of addressing the challenges of forest vegetation management in Europe in the 21st century, some common themes are still evident. In all countries, there is a consensus that vegetation management is a critical silvicultural operation to achieve forest establishment, regeneration, growth and production. It appears that herbicides are still in use to some degree in all the countries reviewed, although at a lower intensity in many of the northern countries compared to other regions. The most common alternatives to herbicides adopted are the use of mechanical methods to cut vegetation and achieve soil cultivation; overstorey canopy manipulation to control vegetation by light availability; and in some instances the use of mulches or biological control. Any reductions in herbicide use achieved do not seem to have been driven solely by participation in forest certification schemes. Other factors, such as national initiatives or the availability of additional resources to implement more expensive non-chemical approaches, may be equally important. The development of more cost-effective and practical guidance for managers across Europe on non-chemical control methods can best be brought about by future collaborative research into more sustainable and holistic methods of managing forest vegetation, through the identification of silvicultural approaches to reduce or eliminate pesticide use and through gaining a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and impacts of competition.

Prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following stroke: a systematic review of published articles

We performed a systematic review of the literature on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following cerebral infarct (CI) and haemorrhagic stroke. MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS and SciELO databases were scanned, and the Abstracts from Brazilian, American and European Neurology and Stroke Congresses were scrutinized for clinical trials. Moreover, the reference lists of articles and reviews were searched. A pooled analysis of two large studies with aspirin was made. Both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins/heparinoids (LMWH) are partially effective for VTE prophylaxis after CI, and should be routinely used in patients with motor deficit and reduced mobility and no contraindications. Reduction of deep venous thrombosis is better established than the effect over pulmonary embolism or mortality. Some evidence points to a greater efficacy of LMWH. The available evidence does not support the use of mechanical methods or dextran. Aspirin may have a mild protective effect. Low-dose Warfarin might be useful in the rehabilitation setting. Strict recommendations cannot be made in patients with haemorrhagic stroke but intermittent pneumatic compression merits further study. There are important limitations of current VTE preventive strategies following stroke. Additional studies on the combination of methods after CI and of low doses of anticoagulants following cerebral haemorrhage are urgently needed.

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Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiological role and the relative risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in association with other clinical factors are the focus of several papers published in the last year. Data from studies that evaluate the interaction of NSAIDs with Helicobacter pylori suggest that there is a clear role for eradication in aspirin-related bleeding. Although the benefit of H. pylori eradication in nonaspirin NSAID-related bleeding is being debated, they should both be eliminated given their relative contribution to the causation of peptic ulcer hemorrhage. The search for reliable and accurate tools to predict outcomes after NVUGIB continues. Recent important contributions in this area of research are the use of a clinical prediction guide to identify patients who are likely to require endoscopic intervention, and the use of Doppler ultrasound examination of the ulcer base to predict rebleeding. The role of antisecretory therapy in the setting of acute NVUGIB has been revisited in two meta-analyses and one randomized, placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole as an adjunct to endoscopic intervention. Until more definitive data are available, it appears that the effect of acid-decreasing medications is more important when endoscopic therapy is not provided than when effective endoscopic intervention is instituted. With regard to therapeutic endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the few randomized trials that have been published in full form in the last year focus on the use of mechanical methods of hemostasis for peptic ulcer bleeding and other etiologies such as Mallory-Weiss tears and Dieulafoy lesions.