Use Of Local Natural Resources Research Articles

Research on the production of sorbent based on bentonite clay for wastewater treatment from chemical industries

In our country, the problem of water purification remains urgent, with the growth of external factors contributing to this, which can include an increase in the number of industrial enterprises, the development of agriculture, urban growth and others. To solve the problem of water purification it is economically advantageous to create new sorbents, with the available resources in our country.For the processing of of bentonite clay under experimental conditions, instrumental test methods were chosen using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the Jeol JSM-6490l V brand, a multi-parameter portable cyberscanner (PCD 650 Eutech) and a Q-1500 Derivatograph. In this article, we studied the bentonite of the Darbaza deposit. For physico-chemical analysis of clay from the Darbaza deposit, a specially selected sample was crushed, and sieved and its chemical composition was determined. Results. Based on the results of instrumental studies, the elemental and mineralogical composition of bentonite clay from the Darbazinsky deposit was determined using a scanning electron microscope JSM-6490l V (Jeol, Japan) using the energy-dispersive method. The resulting sorbent based on bentonite clay has a high sorption capacity and is recommended for use in the treatment of wastewater from chemical industries. The resulting sorbent based on bentonite clay from the Darbaza deposit makes it possible to purify wastewater from phosphate production from phosphate and other ions up to 60%. The developed sorbent based on bentonite clay has environmental and economic efficiency and connections with the use of local natural resources. Thus, it should be noted that for adsorption treatment of wastewater from chemical industries with a high degree, it is possible to use effective sorbents based on bentonine clays from the Darbaza deposit. It should also be noted that the use of bentonite clays for water purification by the sorption process is an effective and affordable alternative to adsorbents that show high adsorption capacity for various compounds.

Research on the production of sorbent based on bentonite clay for wastewater treatment from chemical industries

In our country, the problem of water purification remains urgent, with the growth of external factors contributing to this, which can include an increase in the number of industrial enterprises, the development of agriculture, urban growth and others. To solve the problem of water purification it is economically advantageous to create new sorbents, with the available resources in our country.For the processing of of bentonite clay under experimental conditions, instrumental test methods were chosen using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the Jeol JSM-6490l V brand, a multi-parameter portable cyberscanner (PCD 650 Eutech) and a Q-1500 Derivatograph. In this article, we studied the bentonite of the Darbaza deposit. For physico-chemical analysis of clay from the Darbaza deposit, a specially selected sample was crushed, and sieved and its chemical composition was determined. Results. Based on the results of instrumental studies, the elemental and mineralogical composition of bentonite clay from the Darbazinsky deposit was determined using a scanning electron microscope JSM-6490l V (Jeol, Japan) using the energy-dispersive method. The resulting sorbent based on bentonite clay has a high sorption capacity and is recommended for use in the treatment of wastewater from chemical industries. The resulting sorbent based on bentonite clay from the Darbaza deposit makes it possible to purify wastewater from phosphate production from phosphate and other ions up to 60%. The developed sorbent based on bentonite clay has environmental and economic efficiency and connections with the use of local natural resources. Thus, it should be noted that for adsorption treatment of wastewater from chemical industries with a high degree, it is possible to use effective sorbents based on bentonine clays from the Darbaza deposit. It should also be noted that the use of bentonite clays for water purification by the sorption process is an effective and affordable alternative to adsorbents that show high adsorption capacity for various compounds.

Bryofloristic diversity and conservation value of a protected area in the Brazilian semi-arid region

We collected 137 samples (71—rainy season; 66—dry) for the Brazilian state of Paraíba. With a total of 23 species (one hornwort, 14 mosses and nine liverworts), we updated the bryoflora of Paraíba, a hotspot of bryophytes, by one rare species (Weissia controversa), increasing the total number of species to 188. The floristic composition in the Poeta e Repentista Juvenal de Oliveira State Park is affected by chronic anthropogenic disturbances, and is typical of arid environments, regardless of the season. This indicates homogenization of the habitat from the loss of ecological niche due to the disordered use of local natural resources. However, the record of Philonotis hastata, categorized as Near Threatened by the IUCN; the geographic expansion of a species; and the presence of rare species for Brazil reinforce the importance of the Conservation Unit for bryophyte biodiversity. Despite the floristic composition, we identified that interpretations about biology, environmental functionality and species distribution are more consistent for environmental assessment and decision-making on conservation actions.

What Coast: resort or resource?

Between land and sea, the coast is one of the most extraordinary and unique habitats occupied by man. On this threshold, dune landscapes are particular sensitive environments, in constant movement and transformation. Conservation measures have been implemented to regulate intervention on such sites, mainly concerning the safeguarding of primary dunes, but little consideration has been given to the in-depth structure of these ecosystems. With the pressure of seaside tourism development, the remaining untouched dune areas are facing serious threat. In Portugal, many have recently lost their classification as part of the National Ecologic Reserve (REN), since 2006 defined by proposal of each municipality. Grândola, in the district of Setúbal, is at the center of present environmental concerns, with 7 new mega luxury resorts predicted for the Tróia Peninsula and Comporta’s seafront, 4 of them partially on primary dune and 4 comprising the construction of extensive golf courses. Towards the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the focus should be on protecting the existing biodiversity, as part of the Natura 2000 network, and promoting the balanced use of local natural resources, in particular in an area of severe water shortage. That is the true luxury: to foster resource, not resorts.

Polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities and glycaemic index of Dioscorea spp and Coleus esculentus from Cameroon

The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the use of local natural resources for the maintenance of human health. However, some tubers with interesting nutritional properties are rarely found in the diet of the Cameroonian population. This study aims at investigating the flavonoid and polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, and glycaemic index of four varieties of yam tubers, namely: Dioscorea schimperiana, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea burkilliana and Coleus esculentus. Standard methods were used to determine the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activities, and glycaemic index. Total flavonoids ranged from 77.49 to 11,327.52 mg CE/100 g DM (dry matter) and phenolic compounds from 50.95 to 3664.26 mg GAE/100 g DM, FRAP-reducing capacity of tubers varied between 137.61 and 14,879.62 mg FeSO4/100 g DM. DPPH-scavenging activities ranged from 0.85 to 40.65 mg GAE/ml. A correlation was observed between phenolic compounds and FRAP-reducing activity (R2=0.999, p<0.001) and between flavonoids and FRAP-reducing capacity (R2=0.951, p<0.001). C. esculentus presented a low glycaemic index; D. burkiliana and D. shimperiana had medium glycaemic indices; and D. bulbifera showed a high glycaemic index. Thus, red D. shimperiana (West) could be used as a natural antioxidant while C. esculentus (NW) could be used in the management of chronic diseases, especially diabetes.

Dependence on the socio-economic system impairs the sustainability of pasture-based animal agriculture

Livestock systems contribution to environmental change is controversial. Pasture-based systems are considered a sustainable alternative due to their adaptation to the use of local natural resources. However, they have limited productivity per product unit and, in Europe, depend on public economic support. Furthermore, they are heterogeneous in farm structure and resources use, which may determine their sustainability. We use emergy accounting to assess the sustainability of mountain pasture-based cattle systems and analyse the variability among farms. Emergy accounting assesses the sustainability performance of complex systems (i.e., farming systems) and their interaction with other systems (i.e., the environment and the socio-economic system) focusing on the origin, quality and quantity of the energy required for the system to function. Results show that pasture-based systems largely use local natural renewable resources but depend largely on the wider socio-economic system given their reliance on public economic support and purchased animal feeds. This economic dependence turns out in most farms largely using non-renewable resources. Increasing self-produced feeds and grazing on natural pastures can reduce the dependence on the socio-economic system and improve farm sustainability.

A Techno-Economic Appraisal of Green Diesel Generation through Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Leveraging Residual Resources from Seaweed and Fishing Sectors

This study examines the economic viability of an emerging technology for potential upscaling and commercialization in a specific location: the village of New Stuyahok, Alaska. The proposed technology is hydrothermal liquefaction, which utilizes kelp macroalgae and fishing waste as feedstock. These materials were chosen due to their easy availability in the village and their alignment with the local economy. The economic evaluation is based on the net present value (NPV) and sensitivity models. Different feedstock ratios (on a dry basis), such as 100:0, 50:50, and 30:70 of kelp and fishing waste, respectively, were evaluated to determine the optimal combination. The results indicated that the process is economically viable only when a high proportion of fishing waste is used. This can be ascribed to the constrained output yield of the kelp biomass and the relatively negligible influence exerted by alginate production on the NPV. However, the ratio 50:50 appears to be economically promising if the costs can be reduced by at least 13.5% or the benefits can be increased by 12.1%. Nevertheless, government support could play a crucial role in expediting the implementation of this technology once it becomes market-ready. This means being practical, scalable, and economically viable, enabling reduced investments or increased benefits that signify its readiness. Utilizing such a tool offers valuable insights into the framework of the proposed technology and the use of local natural resources.

THE ROLE OF LEARNING BASED ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The study aimed to identify the role of learning based on community development in the development of women to achieve the goals of sustainable development, by studying the case of women beneficiaries of comprehensive scientific and electronic literacy programs implemented by UNESCO and the UNESCO Chair for Women in Science and Technology. The study was based on several assumptions, namely: - Adopting education and learning projects based on community development by targeting the segment of women helps achieve sustainable development goals. - Expanding women's participation in education and learning projects based on community development helps bridge the gaps associated with development needs in the community. - Benefiting from local materials and products in education and learning projects based on community development facilitates the effective contribution of women to development as a result of the availability of their productive needs from the local environment. The research used the descriptive method, which works to describe information and facts and analyze the content in a scientific and objective manner. It also used the case study method, which is based on studying the case of the beneficiaries of learning projects based on community development. The study concluded the following conclusions: 1. UNESCO projects have contributed to reducing the scientific and electronic illiteracy rate among women, which has contributed to achieving Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals. 2. The projects contributed to reducing poverty and hunger among women, which contributed to achieving Goal 1 and Goal 2 for sustainable development. 3. The projects contributed to increasing production in many products, which had a positive impact on development, which contributed to achieving Goal 8 for sustainable development .. 4. The projects did not contribute to achieving the goal 13th of a healthy environment due to the lack of implementation of programs that contribute to environmental sanitation, such as waste recycling programs and other similar programmes. 5. The use of local natural resources contributed to the facilitation and availability of production, which helped achieve the 12th goal of sustainable development. 6.Targeting women with education and training to provide job opportunities and increase income contributed to achieving Goal 3 and Goal 5 of sustainable development. The study also recommended the following: 1. The need for more learning programs based on community development. 2. Increasing focus on productive projects from natural resources with the latest technological developments in training. 3. The necessity of training on e-marketing skills for local products . 4.The necessity of training on canning and packaging skills for vegetables and fruits that are abundantly available in certain seasons in order to reduce the waste of natural resources. 5. Creating partnerships between state governments, civil society and international organizations to create national productive projects for the manufacture of natural resources by utilizing the skills and experiences of women beneficiaries and creating job opportunities for them. 6. The necessity to conduct programs contriuting to enviromental sanitation such as. waste recycling programs and other similar programmes. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Learning Based On Community Development

Characterization of the dry stone heritage of the Barrocal region (Algarve, Portugal)

The paper aims to value the diverse and important dry stone heritage located in the Barrocal area (Algarve, Portugal). The dry stone construction technique and the set of constructions that derive from its application are present in all parts of the world where stone is present. Throughout the Iberian Peninsula and specifically in the territory of Portugal, there are different dry stone constructions that make up the rural landscape. They are an example of the work in the field and the use of local natural resources during different generations. The recognition by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2018) highlights the importance of maintaining a construction technique that, transmitted orally, is materialized in different constructions according to the constructive heritage and the stone typology of the nearby environment. The study focuses on a specific partially cultivated area of the Barrocal where different types of construction of dry stone elements exist. Starting from the contextualization of the studies carried out throughout Portugal, the predominant dry stone constructions of the Barrocal, the area with the greatest presence of a variety of types of the Algarve, are being identified, recorded and analysed. The work provides a classification of the present constructions in the area linked to their use and provides data on the construction characteristics and the typology of the stone. The knowledge of these constructions makes it possible to explain the economic and social context of a certain period and to plan reactivation measures for other economic sectors not linked to tourism. The Algarve, one of the most touristic areas of Portugal, has focused most of its economy on beach tourism, leaving the cultural and dry stone architectural heritage almost unnoticed.The constructions and the dry stone construction technique are a way of preserving the rural landscape and the cultural memory so that the benefits related to ecology and biodiversity are observed through this document.

An Initial Survey of Experience Activities for Health and Wellness Tourism: A Case of Qionglu Scenic Area, Xichang City, Sichuan Province

Our country’s economy and society continue to develop. With the popularization of national education and the growth of per capita annual income, the people are paying more and more attention to experience situations, and the tourism industry has entered the era of experience economy. In addition, at the end of 2019, my country's population over 65 years old accounted for 11.4%, and the 60-year-old retired group accounted for 18.1% (approximately 253 million people). In fact, it has entered an aging society, and the demand for health tourism has become more intense. Therefore, the citizens' demand for experience and health tourism has become more obvious. How to meet the development needs of health and wellnesstourism under the background of experience economy is an extremely important research topic. The research purpose of this article is to explore the problems of health and wellness tourism experience projects from the perspective of experience marketing, and put forward corresponding suggestions. This study uses the well-known tourist destination in Panxi, China: Qionglu Scenic Area, XichangCity, Sichuan Province, to interview local tourists through in-depth interviews. A total of 20 effective interview samples are obtained and analyzed by content analysis. The results of the analysis show that the respondents’ perception of health and wellnesstourism is mostly to promote health tourism, which roughly conforms to the definition of health and wellness tourism. Secondly, in terms of health and wellness tourism experience activities, respondents prefer catering activities, and focus on mountain and water experience activities. Therefore, this research suggests that destination managers and operators should make good use of local natural resources and cultural characteristics of the Yi ethnic group, focus on developing mountain and water experience projects, highlight ethnic minority dining and cultural characteristics, and meet consumer health and tourism needs.

Sustainable ecological and economic development of mountainous areas through the prism of tariff regulation of nature management

The article is focused on the formation of an effective tariff policy for the use of natural resources and environmental pollution. The article substantiates that such a policy should be aimed at minimizing the negative impact of economic and business activities on the environment, which will ultimately increase the efficiency and rational use of available natural resources of separate mountain areas based on their development priorities. The main factors are outlined that stipulate for the complexity and urgency of solving environmental problems in mountain areas, where special attention is focused on the impact of existing economic entities on the use of local natural resources and the impact of their activities on the environment is determined. The article defines the methodological tools for calculating the assessment of the impact of investment projects on the environmental situation of a particular area where the investment project will be implemented. The study reveals methods for calculating two indicators related to emissions of harmful substances into the environment, in particular the calculation of the coefficients of ecological purity of productions for atmosphere and water in some separate areas.

FORMALIZATION OF VALUE MEASUREMENT OF ECOSYSTEM ASSETS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF WATER RESOURCES)

Scientific approaches to the formalization of valuations of ecosystem assets on the example of water resources are studied. The peculiarities of application of methods, approaches and directions of economic assessment to water as an ecosystem asset are revealed, key directions of practical application of results of economic assessment of ecosystem assets related to water in the system of nature management of territorial communities are determined. An algorithm for formalizing the valuation of water-related ecosystem assets from the following five blocks is proposed: the first involves consideration of the essence and differentiated components of water-related ecosystem assets from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach; the second defines the methodology for identifying a set of ecosystem services that can be provided by identified ecosystem assets within spatial formations; the third is focused on the study of integration processes related to the study of the combinatorics of ecosystem services and system interaction of spaces; fourth - provides a rationale for the model of reproduction of ecosystem assets related to water in a formal form with the prospect of parameterization of their components; The fifth block concerns the identification of methods used for their cost measurement and the solution of financial and economic settlement issues and the definition of innovative ways of sustainable spatial development of united territorial communities. Further research has prospects in the following areas: formation of a comprehensive strategic approach to formalizing the value measurement of water-related ecosystem assets; and development and introduction of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets for the formation of investment attractiveness of the territory through the use of local natural resources, including water, as a powerful potential for sustainable spatial development at the local level.

Кey signs of ecosystem assets valuation

The purpose of the article is to develop scientific approaches and identify key features of the assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities.&#x0D; The article examines modern scientific approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities in the context of deepening processes of decentralization of management. The essence of the definition of ecosystem assets from the standpoint of ecosystem accounting is revealed, in particular, it is focused on one of their main characteristics: the ability of natural reserves (stocks) to provide a constant flow (flow) of ecosystem services. The necessity of taking into account the market value of ecosystem assets in the process of monitoring their use and involvement in economic circulation at the local level has been determined. In this sense, the role of ecosystem services in providing links between ecosystem assets and benefits is considered. The main characteristics of ecosystem assets are investigated, their common and distinctive features from natural resource and production assets of spatial territorial entities are revealed. A systematization of generalized approaches to the methodology for assessing ecosystem assets according to the recommendations of the TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity), which is advisable to apply for territorial communities as key strategic guidelines for sustainable spatial development, is proposed. It is recommended to include the indicator “ecosystem assets” (EA) as a mandatory component of annual national accounts.&#x0D; Further research has prospects in the following areas:&#x0D; &#x0D; formation of an integrated strategic approach to the implementation of ecosystem asset valuation at the local level;&#x0D; development and implementation of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets for the formation of investment attractiveness of the territory through the use of local natural resources as ecosystem assets for sustainable spatial development.&#x0D;

Small Hydropower Development in North-Central of Nigeria: An Assessment

This paper focuses on small hydropower development in North-Central and electrification, which are given high priority in the government's efforts to increase the standard of living in rural areas, reduce rural-urban migration trends, and realize other development objectives. However, the three key challenges for rural electrification are: how to provide sustainable energy (electricity) services to the poorest of the poor, who have no purchasing power to pay for the services? How to offer the most cost-effective, clean and reliable electricity to those who are currently spending a significant share of their income on energy? How to set up commercial infrastructure to provide these services? In North-Central zone where rivers, waterfalls and streams with high potentials for small hydropower (SHP) development is abundant, where harnessing these hydro resources leads to decentralized use and local implementation and management, thereby making sustainable rural development possible through self-reliance and the use of local natural resources. This can be the most affordable and accessible option to provide off-grid electricity services. Based on zone's level of hydropower development, small hydropower station is defined as follows: Small = installed capacity between 2 MW and 10 MW; Mini ≤ 2 MW; and Micro ≤100 kW. In recent studies carried out in other zones and four (4) river basins, over 78 unexploited SHP sites with the total potential of 734.3 MW were identified. However, SHP potential sites exist in virtually all parts of the zone with an estimated capacity of 3,500 MW. Copyright © 2014 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.

Experimental Study on Performance Influencing Factors and Reasonable Mixture Ratio of Desert Sand Ceramsite Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The utilization of desert sand for making ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete is proposed to make full use of local natural resources in the development of a new type of lightweight and load-bearing wall material with good energy conservation, waste utilization, and thermal insulation performances. An orthogonal test was conducted to analyze the effects of the water-binder ratio, sand ratio, desert sand substitution rate, and fly ash content on the slump, apparent density, and tube crushing strength of desert sand ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete. Thus, the optimal mixture ratio of the desert sand ceramsite concrete was obtained for the LC20 and LC25 strength grades. Based on two reasonable mixture ratios, the physical and mechanical properties of the desert sand ceramsite concrete were investigated. The results revealed that the water-binder ratio, sand ratio, and desert sand substitution rate were the main influencing factors, and the influence law is essentially consistent with that of ordinary desert sand concrete. Based on the reasonable substitution rate of desert sand, the main physical and mechanical properties of the desert sand ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete, such as the tube crushing strength, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity, satisfied the requirements of the Chinese code’s specifications. In summary, desert sand can replace ordinary sand in ceramsite lightweight aggregate concrete for the production of new lightweight and load-bearing wall materials.

METHODOLOGICAL EURO-ORIENTATIONS FOR EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES RELATED TO WATER RESOURCES

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological approach to determining the key characteristics of the assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities related to water. The study considers the theoretical and methodological principles of assessing ecosystem assets for sustainable development of local communities. The initial methodological approaches of the accumulated world experience on the assessment of ecosystem services and ecosystem assets of local level territories in the context of three components (ecological, economic and social) in the context of water-related ecosystems are specified. An algorithm for estimating ecosystem assets is proposed. The key guidelines for assessing the ecosystem assets of territorial spatial entities based on European experience are revealed. The list of scientific recommendations for the assessment of water-related ecosystem assets to enhance the capacity of local communities and preserve and restore ecosystems is substantiated. The novelty of the study lies in the proposals for the implementation in Ukrainian practice of general approaches to the methodology of assessment of ecosystem assets and services, according to the recommendations of the international project of the European Commission “The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity” (TEEB). The key Euro-benchmarks proposed by the author for the assessment of water-related ecosystem assets will help increase the investment attractiveness of spatial territorial formations and create preconditions for the development of a new economy on an ecosystem basis. Further research has prospects in the following areas: formation of a comprehensive strategic approach to the introduction of ecosystem asset valuation at the local level; development and introduction of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets for the formation of investment attractiveness of the territory through the use of local natural resources, including water, as ecosystem assets of sustainable spatial development.

Use of Local Natural Resources to Reduce the Chernobyl Radiocesium Trace in Agriculture

The search for ways to reduce the Chernobyl radiocesium trace in agriculture has been a relevant task in Kaluga Region for many decades. This problem particularly concerns personal subsidiary farms that did not take any centralized protective measures on rehabilitation of polluted soils. In this regard the purpose of the study was to develop measures of safe economic use of personal subsidiary garden soils and natural meadows as hayfields and pastures. The study utilizes comparative and analytical, instrumental and statistical methods. Based on the study of dynamics of natural change of specific activity of meadow plant formation, alluvial soil and cattle milk the half-reduction period for the level of bioproduct pollution within 7–8 years caused by stronger binding and physical disintegration of radiocesium is defined. Seasonal dynamics of radiocesium reduction in hay of a meadow ecosystem and milk of cows of personal subsidiary plots from April to July of the vegetative period is established. The radio reclamative ability of activated sludge and ground tripolite when receiving products in personal subsidiary plots is proved.

Traditional knowledge system in palung salt-making in Bali Island

This study presents the case of an original and traditional knowledge system of palung, which is used in salt-making in the coastal communities of Bali. The study emphasizes the practicalities of the system and its epistemology using anthropological and sociological methods. It is known that the traditional knowledge system of palung salt production has been preserved through the generations as a form of local wisdom. This traditional knowledge system emphasizes the use of local natural resources in accordance with the coastal ecosystems of Bali, where the cultivation of extracted soil (tanah sari), sand, bamboo, and coconut trees is carried out manually. This study has evidenced that the palung process successfully produces salt of excellent taste and quality. Based on laboratory tests conducted on palung salt samples, the results show that it does not contain any heavy metals and that it has good nutritional content. Because of its use of available natural resources, this traditional knowledge system is sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Coherence of economic interests of the territorial community and local mining business

The issues of reconciliation of economic interests in the system «community - local mining business» as a way of preventing potential and constructive settlement of existing conflicts between stakeholders are considered. The analyzed negative external effects of business entities' activity and corresponding community expenses, which are considered as a conflict basis of their relations, affects the current performance, influences the assessment of development prospects. It is taken into account that ensuring the competitiveness of local businesses is an area of intersection of business and community interests, and both sides of the relationship, depending on the circumstances, can change the nature of the impact from counteraction to promotion. In the context of the unified system of goals of the territorial community and local mining business, the characteristics of these parties are considered, in particular: general management orientation; decision-makers; the main strategic goals and strategies; change outcome indicators; factors and causes of conflict. The main mutual claims that have occurred in the practice of community-business interaction regarding the directions of use of local natural resources, management of financial resources of the community, the procedure for granting permits for activities, distribution of powers and responsibility for the consequences of production activities, solving other issues are analyzed. One of the causes of the conflicts is the ineffective communication of the subjects, due to the high level of subjectivity of the parties in matters of priority of their own interests, the need for finding compromise solutions, the interpretation of the distribution of powers and responsibility for economic development. It is established that the results of economic development projects depend on the quality of management of the process of forming relations between the community and local businesses on the basis of prudence and responsibility. A methodical approach to the substantiation of the strategy of reconciling the interests of the territorial community and the local mining enterprise is proposed.

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) Taman Kanak-Kanak Kota Pontianak Kalimantan Barat

ABSTRACT Partner-1 of this Community Partnership Program (Program Kemitraan Masyarakat/PKM) is Primanda UNTAN Kindergaten, and Partner-2 Bina Insan Kindergaten. Both partners have problems about learning facilities Educational Game Tools (Alat Permainan Edukatif/APE) which is very minimal both indoor and outdoor. When teaching is still limited to factory made APE, while there are still many local natural resource potentials in West Kalimantan that can be used to create. Teachers are still lacking in socialization/training about the use of local natural resources. Special problems that found in partner-2 are learning methods still focused on reading, writing, and calculating (calistung). Parents in partner-2 want learning in kindergaten to focus on calistung learning. The purpose of this PKM, are: (1) knowledge sharing and appropriate technology through interactive multimedia approaches based on local natural resources in the shaped animation; (2) hold socialization/training to teachers and parents about the child's learning system according to their age; (3) interactive multimedia application demonstration in class. The enthusiastic of both partner's shows that this activity is needed by them to help them fix the problems that exist in each kindergaten. The socialization activity ended with a discussion in the form of questions and answers from participants related to the way of learning for kindergaten children using APE and interactive multimedia. The expectation of this activity is the knowledge sharing and technology to the teachers, so that the teaching and learning process becomes more enjoyable and understandable by kindergaten children using APE and interactive multimedia. Keywords: APE, Bina Insan Kindergaten, Multimedia, Primanda Kindergaten,