Use Of Internet Services Research Articles

Features of financial maintenance of the cultural domain in Ukraine

The scientific hypothesis about the influence of the components of the informational environment on the expansion of human development is tested. The trends in the Ukrainian information space on the level of implementation of informational technology in human life are revealed. The sample survey about living conditions of households in Ukraine in general and the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in particular, is conducted. The ways of use of Internet services by households for involvement of the population in various spheres of public activity and their influence on human development of the oblasts of the Carpathian region are analyzed. The analysis showed a significant reduction in the share of households by objectives: education and training (formal education in school and higher education, distance education, including online activities); software download. The search for information related to health issues and interaction with public authorities has great potential for human development. The paper concludes that the population of the Carpathian region is insufficiently involved in the use of Internet services. Based on the analysis of indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the problems in the field of expanding human development opportunities in Ukraine are described. There is mainly a downward trend in the development of areas involved in expanding human development opportunities in the transition to the information economy – education, health, labor, science and innovation. Relevant guidelines for the implementation of state social policy in this area are identified. Social policy as a direction of state regulation of the economy requires a transition from mostly passive to active and effective state social policy. It is necessary to update the mechanisms for conducting active social policy at the level of the state, various administrative, public organizations, and enterprises. Social policy must be closely linked with the implementation of internal reforms in the country (education, health, pensions, taxes and wages, etc.). Social policy measures should be coordinated with measures of other types of state policy – migration, the formation and development of the middle class, the policy of investing in human capital.

Sloboda izražavanja i zaštita podataka o ličnosti na internetu - perspektiva internet korisnika u Srbiji

The paper examines the views of Internet users concerning the protection of their rights on the Internet. The Web survey, conducted by the snowball sampling, included 783 Internet users who expressed their views regarding the ways the state (Serbia) and private agents (Facebook and Google) relate to the right of freedom of expression and privacy on the Internet. Also, the survey was used to examine the individual responsibility of users when it comes to the use of Internet services. Several hypotheses suggested that Internet users in Serbia do not have confidence in the country and private actors on the issue of protecting their rights. However, users also do not demonstrate a satisfactory level of individual responsibility. The most important findings indicate that: 1) only one-sixth of the respondents consider that the Government of the Republic of Serbia does not violate the privacy of Internet users; 2) almost half of the respondents do not feel free to express their views criticizing the government; 3) almost 90% of users are not satisfied how Facebook protects their privacy, while it is 1% lower in the case of Google; 4) a third of respondents answered positively to the question whether they had read terms of use of the analyzed companies, but half of them did not give a correct answer to the main questions; 5) only 8.9% of respondents who claimed to have read terms of use are aware of the fact that Facebook shares their data with third parties.

How does the digital economy and society index (DESI) affect labor market indicators in EU countries?

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effects of the DESI (connectivity, human capital/digital skills, use of internet service by citizens, integration of digital technology and digital public services) on labor market indicators (labor market insecurity, long-term unemployment rate, employment rate, and personal earnings). METHODS: In the study, the 2018 DESI data, the 2018 Better Life Index (job) data and 23 EU countries were analyzed. In the analysis, the SmartPLS 3.0 program was executed with 23 cases and 5000 bootstraps. RESULTS: It was concluded that an increase in the DESI has increased employment rate and personal earnings, which are positive labor market indicators (t: 15,929; 0,849) and has decreased long-term unemployment rate and labor market insecurity, which are negative labor market indicators (t: 3,685; –0,535). CONCLUSIONS: As a result, digitalization in EU countries for the year 2018 has proved that the labor market indicators were improving.

Digitalization of the economy and its impact on economic development and social welfare

The article is devoted to the problems of digitalization of the modern economy and its influence on economic processes that determine economic growth and social welfare. It is noted that digitalization does not become a significant factor of economic growth and has a contradictory effect on the growth and size of GDP; further development of the theoretical foundations of analysis and measurement of economic growth in the conditions of digitalization is required. The role and importance of process innovations in the conditions of digitalization are highlighted, the wide application of which may not lead to GDP growth. It is shown that the business in the field of computer and information technologies, as well as the sharing business, based on the widespread use of Internet services and cloud technologies, is currently developing rapidly. It is noted that companies operating in the field of network technologies often do not have a very clearly defined amount of material capital; their business is based on using existing or creating their own digital platforms located on the Internet; they often do not own any significant material assets. For them, it is extremely difficult to determine the amount of capital spent, and the useful result of such a business-processing and issuing information- does not have an unambiguous quantitative assessment. It is necessary to develop new forms of evaluating the useful results of this business. Sharing business, while influencing the growth of individual welfare, can simultaneously lead to a reduction in public welfare, since it encourages the distributed use of existing items of shared consumption, rather than increasing their production. It is noted that for businesses that rely on Internet services, the management system is simplified, which is reduced to managing the creation, processing and redistribution of information, rather than creating new products and industries, which also inhibits economic growth. The processes of globalization and monopolization in the digital economy are analyzed. Digitalization of the economy requires the development of economic theory, taking into account modern realities.

An Empirical Comparison on Malicious Activity Detection Using Different Neural Network-Based Models

The internet is growing at a rapid pace offering multiple web-based applications catering to the changing needs and demands of customers. Nevertheless, extensive use of internet services has potentially exposed the threats of data security and reliability. With technological advancements, cyber threats have also become more sophisticated with the blend of distinctive forms of attacks to cause potential damage. The increase in the number and variety of cyber attacks is inevitable; hence it is imperative to improve the efficiency of the cyber security systems. This research aims to compare different neural network models to distinguish malicious acts from non-malicious ones. The examined models are trained, validated, and tested using two datasets(cyber-physical subsystem dataset and KDD dataset). The performance of the studied models is measured using the confusion matrix. For the cyber-physical subsystem dataset, binary classification and multi-class classification are used for evaluating the models. In the KDD dataset, binary classification is the only classification approach because the dataset contains two classes, regular (normal actions) and harmful (malicious actions). In general, the results in binary classification are more encouraging than in multi-class classification. Among all the models, the PNN model achieves the best performance, while the GRNN model is the fastest one. Although PNN's runtime is slightly higher than the GRNN model, we can claim that the PNN is the best model for our data because a trade-off between the performance and run time can be obtained.

USE OF INTERNET SERVICES IN THE TEACHER'S ACTIVITY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONSOLE APPLICATIONS

The article is devoted to the current topic: the use of Internet services in the activities of a teacher. In a modern school, the use of information technologies in a lesson is very common. Their use allows the educational process to be carried out in new conditions, when the teacher ceases to be the only source of information for students. The article reveals the possibility of replacing console applications in the teacher's activities with Internet services with similar functions.

Adult Participation in Learning in Digital Age

In this paper, we investigated whether and to what extent digitalisation and research intensity in a country (e.g. Slovenia, Croatia) affect the participation of adults in learning (APinL). Statistical analysis for EU28 countries for 2018, carried out by combination of different statistical methods highlighted strong positive correlations of APinL and selected variables (human capital; use of internet services; integration of digital technology; research expenses in GDP - GERD). Clustering and profile chart analysis clearly revealed three clusters of countries differing by achieved level of digitalisation, which conforms closely to the level of APinL. High APinL in digitally advanced countries could be mainly assigned to increased educational needs and new innovative education forms.

Reality of communication between parents and the schools of their children at the basic elementary stage in Nablus Directorate /Palestine and their attitudes towards using the Internet to enhance such communication

This study aimed at exploring the reality of communication between parents and the schools of their children in addition to investigating the parents’ attitudes towards using the Internet services to communicate with the schools at the basic elementary stage in Nablus Directorate /Palestine. Furthermore, the study aimed at examining the effect of some variables on these attitudes. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive method was employed by means of a questionnaire used to collect data. The sample of the study consisted of 120 parents chosen through the cluster-regional-randomized design. Results indicated that all parents support the importance of communication with the schools of their children, and that (61.7%) of them strongly support this communication, while (42.5%) of the parents’ responses showed that they “sometimes “ communicate with the schools because of some obstacles revealed in this study. The study results also showed that the most common way of communication with school was the personal face-to –face visit which scored (84.2%) among the parents . Only (1.7%) of the parents revealed that they do not communicate with the school. On the other hand, (93.3%) indicated that they want to increase the extent of their communication with the schools through providing more effective and easier means of communication. The results also revealed that parents’ attitudes towards using the Internet services to communicate with the schools of their children were high (82.4%), and there were no statistically significant differences in their attitudes due to the variables of gender, age and the daily use of Internet services among the parents, while there were statistically significant differences in these attitudes that can be attributed to the differences between the parents with regard to their estimation of the importance of communication with schools in addition to the differences between them with regard to their desire to increase the extent of their communication by using more effective and easier means.

Reality of communication between parents and the schools of their children at the basic elementary stage in Nablus Directorate /Palestine and their attitudes towards using the Internet to enhance such communication

This study aimed at exploring the reality of communication between parents and the schools of their children in addition to investigating the parents’ attitudes towards using the Internet services to communicate with the schools at the basic elementary stage in Nablus Directorate /Palestine. Furthermore, the study aimed at examining the effect of some variables on these attitudes. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive method was employed by means of a questionnaire used to collect data. The sample of the study consisted of 120 parents chosen through the cluster-regional-randomized design. Results indicated that all parents support the importance of communication with the schools of their children, and that (61.7%) of them strongly support this communication, while (42.5%) of the parents’ responses showed that they “sometimes “ communicate with the schools because of some obstacles revealed in this study. The study results also showed that the most common way of communication with school was the personal face-to –face visit which scored (84.2%) among the parents . Only (1.7%) of the parents revealed that they do not communicate with the school. On the other hand, (93.3%) indicated that they want to increase the extent of their communication with the schools through providing more effective and easier means of communication. The results also revealed that parents’ attitudes towards using the Internet services to communicate with the schools of their children were high (82.4%), and there were no statistically significant differences in their attitudes due to the variables of gender, age and the daily use of Internet services among the parents, while there were statistically significant differences in these attitudes that can be attributed to the differences between the parents with regard to their estimation of the importance of communication with schools in addition to the differences between them with regard to their desire to increase the extent of their communication by using more effective and easier means.

Are Internet users in Slovenia willing to pay for fast broadband and what drives them to migrate?

The European Union (EU) member states are faced with a significant gap between availability of high-speed broadband and the share of households subscribed to such Internet access. This paper investigates the determinants of Internet users’ willingness to pay (WTP) for next-generation access (NGA) in Slovenia. Following the EU Digital Agenda target whereby all households should have Internet access of at least 30 Mbps by 2020, the WTP for an Internet speed of 30 Mbps is analysed. The results show that characteristics relating to the current use of Internet services and characteristics of Internet users both play an important role in explaining the WTP for NGA In particular, the presence of a student or pupil in the household, household income, subscription to mobile broadband and the quality of Internet services positively influence the WTP decision, while respondents that are employed or are already subscribed to fibre have lower WTP The results of our analysis may help Internet service providers and policymakers identify remedies which can reduce the demand gap for NGA networks.

Skills and Competencies Required by Academic Librarians in an Internet-Driven Environment

This paper reviews literature on the skills and competencies required by academic librarians in an Internet-driven environment. Content analysis methodology was used to review literature. Purposive sampling was also used for identifying literature on skills and competencies of librarians in the use of Internet services in academic libraries. A total of 118 publications were selected. Findings from the articles reviewed show that librarians from developed countries required skills and competencies in Internet usage to provide effective library services. However, the findings also show that academic librarians from developing countries, especially in Africa, are still lagging behind regarding Internet skills and competencies to provide effective information services in the library. The paper concludes that despite changes brought by the Internet, there are still gaps in the way library services are provided because of poor Internet knowledge, skills and competencies of academic librarians. The paper recommends that academic librarians in African countries acquire Internet skills and competencies to update their knowledge and technological skills for effective library service provision.

Steganography Algorithm Based on the Nonlocal Maximum Likelihood Noise Estimation for Mobile Applications

In recent years, thanks to the use of Internet services, daily activities used to imply movement became more accessible to any user. As a result of such interconnection, now millions of people from different countries are able to communicate among themselves through the Internet, generating a great flow of data and classified information. The information on the Internet can be stolen, intercepted, anonymized, or even destroyed, resulting in cases of infringement of intellectual property rights, and the loss or damage of data. In such a globalized and interconnected world, solid security measures have become increasingly important to ensure data privacy protection and its confidentiality during transit. Nowadays, there is a variety of security mechanisms such as the steganography, an information hiding technique, which protects intellectual property by allowing the transmission of hidden data without drawing any suspicion. In order to achieve these criteria, an adaptation of the nonlocal maximum likelihood filter is proposed; in this class of filters, in general, they are used in images that require a high level of irregular pattern detection, based on the statistical dependence of the underlying pixels of the image analysis area, when using it in the wavelet domain as edge detector and/or discontinuities in images in order to have a greater selectivity when inserting information in the image. It strengthens the detection of the areas with the highest probability of having noise presenting results which are suitable areas to insert the information and that it is imperceptible in a quantitative and qualitative manner as presented in the Results and Discussion.

Use of internet services and resources by academics in Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study investigated the type of internet services and resources available to academics in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The survey research method was employed for this study. The population for this study consists of all the lecturers in Adamawa State University (ADSU) Mubi, American University of Nigeria (AUN) Yola and Modibbo Adama University of Technology (MAUTech) Yola. Krejcie and Morgan table for determining sampling was used to arrive at a sample size of 265 lecturers from a population of 847. The research instrument used for collecting data for this study was a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used in analyzing the data collected. Findings revealed e-mail, file/document transfer, newsgroup, discussion groups among other types of internet services and resources available to academics in Adamawa state. It was also revealed that cyber cafe is mostly used by academics to access internet services and resources while, the purposes for accessing Internet services and resources were teaching, research, communication, collaboration and publication. The study recommended that effective wireless connection should be provided both in libraries and the entire campus environment so that academics can have unhindered access to internet services and resources for their academic activities. Keywords: internet services, internet resources, adamawa, academics, use

Use of Internet/Web Resources by the Faculty Members and Students of Engineering College Libraries in Sri Venkateswara University Area

The aim of this study is to analyse the use of the Internet and related issues among the faculty members and the students of engineering college libraries in Sri Venkateswara University Area. A well-structured questionnaire was distributed among the 1314 faculty members and the students under study. This study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects of Internet use, such as availability of Internet facility, most frequently used place of Internet used, frequency of Internet use, experience in using Internet, type of Internet browsers used, preferred search engines, use of Internet services, satisfaction with Internet facility and problems faced by the users. It was found that the Internet has become a vital instrument for teaching, research and learning process for these respondents. Some suggestions are set forth to make the services more beneficial for the academic community of the engineering colleges under study.

An anomaly-based network intrusion detection system using ensemble clustering

The numbers of hacking and intrusion incidents are high due to the increasing use of internet services and computer application. Therefore, intrusion detection systems (IDS) are inevitable in today's scenario (Koruba et al., 2017). In this paper, an unsupervised technique based on hybrid clustering algorithms is used for Anomaly detection. Incremental support vector machine (ISVM) and C means (FCM) algorithms are applied to preprocess the data set and detect the anomalies respectively. Further, the processed data is fed to the DBSCAN algorithm for further detection of anomalies. The results of the detection system are communicated to the intrusion prevention system (IPS). The proposed hybrid algorithm is applied for KDD Cup 1999 dataset and Gure Kdd Cup data base (2008) and the results show high detection rates and low false positive alarms. Further, the proposed technique performs well with a real time data in detecting anomalies with enhanced true positive rate.

E-Information Literacy Index of University Teachers of Maharashtra, India: A Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to propose an e-information literacy index that provides realistic values to distinguish whether university teachers are literate in regard to awareness and use of e-information resources by explaining the characteristics of e-information literate teacher. The present survey attempts to formulate e-information literacy index of university teachers by taking into consideration three components viz. awareness of e-resources, availability of ICT facilities and use of internet services and search techniques to retrieve e-information. The findings shows that 60.52 per cent teachers are e-information literate. Amongst the teachers, the index for Assistant Professors is highest followed by Professors and Associate Professors. It indicates that Assistant Professors are more e-information literate than their superiors. Amongst the universities, the index of Shivaji University, Kolhapur is highest. As far as author’s consciousness, there are several indices meant for different purposes but in the higher education sector to define the characteristics of e-information literate university teacher in terms of an index is unique and special.

E-Information Literacy Index of University Teachers of Maharashtra, India: A Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to propose an e-information literacy index that provides realistic values to distinguish whether university teachers are literate in regard to awareness and use of e-information resources by explaining the characteristics of e-information literate teacher. The present survey attempts to formulate e-information literacy index of university teachers by taking into consideration three components viz. awareness of e-resources, availability of ICT facilities and use of internet services and search techniques to retrieve e-information. The findings shows that 60.52 per cent teachers are e-information literate. Amongst the teachers, the index for Assistant Professors is highest followed by Professors and Associate Professors. It indicates that Assistant Professors are more e-information literate than their superiors. Amongst the universities, the index of Shivaji University, Kolhapur is highest. As far as author’s consciousness, there are several indices meant for different purposes but in the higher education sector to define the characteristics of e-information literate university teacher in terms of an index is unique and special.

Trends in Data Centre Energy Consumption under the European Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency

Climate change is recognised as one of the key challenges humankind is facing. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector including data centres generates up to 2% of the global CO2 emissions, a number on par to the aviation sector contribution, and data centres are estimated to have the fastest growing carbon footprint from across the whole ICT sector, mainly due to technological advances such as the cloud computing and the rapid growth of the use of Internet services. There are no recent estimations of the total energy consumption of the European data centre and of their energy efficiency. The aim of this paper is to evaluate, analyse and present the current trends in energy consumption and efficiency in data centres in the European Union using the data submitted by companies participating in the European Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency programme, a voluntary initiative created in 2008 in response to the increasing energy consumption in data centres and the need to reduce the related environmental, economic and energy supply security impacts. The analysis shows that the average Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of the facilities participating in the programme is declining year after year. This confirms that voluntary approaches could be effective in addressing climate and energy issue.

A Survey on Web Tracking: Mechanisms, Implications, and Defenses

Privacy seems to be the Achilles’ heel of today’s web. Most web services make continuous efforts to track their users and to obtain as much personal information as they can from the things they search, the sites they visit, the people they contact, and the products they buy. This information is mostly used for commercial purposes, which go far beyond targeted advertising. Although many users are already aware of the privacy risks involved in the use of internet services, the particular methods and technologies used for tracking them are much less known. In this survey, we review the existing literature on the methods used by web services to track the users online as well as their purposes, implications, and possible user’s defenses. We present five main groups of methods used for user tracking, which are based on sessions, client storage, client cache, fingerprinting, and other approaches. A special focus is placed on mechanisms that use web caches, operational caches, and fingerprinting, as they are usually very rich in terms of using various creative methodologies. We also show how the users can be identified on the web and associated with their real names, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, or even street addresses. We show why tracking is being used and its possible implications for the users. For each of the tracking methods, we present possible defenses. Some of them are specific to a particular tracking approach, while others are more universal (block more than one threat). Finally, we present the future trends in user tracking and show that they can potentially pose significant threats to the users’ privacy.

Electricity Intensity of Internet Data Transmission: Untangling the Estimates

SummaryIn order to understand the electricity use of Internet services, it is important to have accurate estimates for the average electricity intensity of transmitting data through the Internet (measured as kilowatt‐hours per gigabyte [kWh/GB]). This study identifies representative estimates for the average electricity intensity of fixed‐line Internet transmission networks over time and suggests criteria for making accurate estimates in the future. Differences in system boundary, assumptions used, and year to which the data apply significantly affect such estimates. Surprisingly, methodology used is not a major source of error, as has been suggested in the past. This article derives criteria to identify accurate estimates over time and provides a new estimate of 0.06 kWh/GB for 2015. By retroactively applying our criteria to existing studies, we were able to determine that the electricity intensity of data transmission (core and fixed‐line access networks) has decreased by half approximately every 2 years since 2000 (for developed countries), a rate of change comparable to that found in the efficiency of computing more generally.