Use Of Instrumental Support Research Articles

Stress Coping Strategies Among Nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Indonesia

Introduction: Nurses have a major contribution in determining the quality of hospital services, but the heavy workload carried by nurses makes them vulnerable to work stress. Work stress that is if not handled properly can result in a decrease in the quality of services provided to the effect on hospital productivity, therefore it is necessary to do a coping strategy so that nurses can deal with and neutralize or overcomereduce the work stress experienced. Objective: This study aims to describe stress coping strategies for nurses in the Inpatient Installation of the Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar. Method: This research was using quantitative approach. It was conducted at the Hasanuddin University Hospital in July 2022. The population in this study were all nurses who served in the Inpatient Room of Hasanuddin University Hospital with a total sample of 54 nurses. Collecting research data using The Brief COPE Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using univariate analysis test. Result: The results describe nurses' stress coping strategies based on problem focused coping, that all indicators included in the high category, there are active coping (6.42), followed by planning (6.29) and use of instrumental support (6.02). Then the Nnurse's stress coping strategy based on emotional focused coping, there are 3 indicators that are included in the high category, there are religion (7.39), positive reframing (6.31), and acceptance (6.07), use of emotional support (4 .83) is an indicator that included in the medium category and denial (3.14) is an indicator that included in the low category. While Nnurses' stress coping strategies based on dysfunctional coping, self-distraction (6,16) is the only indicators that included in the high category, then there are 4 indicators that were included in the moderate category, there were namely venting (4,87), humor (4,50), self blame (4.50), and behavioral disengagement (3.24), as well as substance use (2.66) are indicators that are included in the low category. Conclusion: Majority of nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital applied high problem focused coping and emotional focused coping. Therefore, the management of the Hasanuddin University Hospital may consider opening or holding a communication forum between nurses in each treatment room to discuss problems at work and provide psychological guidance and support in order to overcome the work stress that nurses experienced.

Prevalence of test anxiety and their related coping strategies in medical students – A cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction: Exam anxiety is characterized by a combination of bodily symptoms, such as overarousal, tension, and somatic symptoms; mental symptoms, such as concern, dread, and fear of failing; and physical symptoms, similar to catastrophizing. According to recent research, test anxiety affects anywhere between 25% and 40% of students. Self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, emotional support, venting, humor, acceptance, self-blame, religion, active coping, the use of instrumental support, positive reframing, and planning have all been claimed to be successful coping mechanisms. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the test anxiety levels and related coping strategies in medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital were included between September 2022 and January 2023. The students who consented to participate in the study were asked to complete the self-administered questionnaire consisting of parts on sociodemographic profile, Westside Test Anxiety Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale. Results: Males had 38.1%, 35.7%, and 26.7% of average, moderate, and high levels of test anxiety and females reported of 43.8%, 34.4%, and 21.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Academic factors are greater perceived cause of anxiety in medical students. Interventions must be developed and implemented to target particular stressors to reduce the burden and anxiety on students from the 1st year itself. Early screening and interventions of test anxiety among medical students were warranted.

Psychological hardiness, personality factors and coping styles in male patients of alcohol dependence syndrome

BackgroundAlcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) is a result of complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. While the biological (genetic) factors remain non-modifiable, better understanding of individual hardiness, personality variables, and coping mechanisms can help us in better understanding and comprehensive management of the illness. MethodsA cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 112 patients with ADS (test group) and 124 healthy age matched male controls were recruited from the same social milieu. They were assessed for hardiness, personality factors, and coping mechanisms using Hardiness scale, 16 Personality factors (5th Edition), and Brief COPE scale, respectively. The data were analyzed with Chi square, Student t tests (two tailed, unpaired), Mann Whitney U test, and Kruskal Waal analysis. ResultsThe test group had less hardy personality compared to control group (25% vs 43.54%) (p = 0.002). The level of Hardiness had an inverse relationship with alcohol dependence (p = 0.886). The majority of patients with ADS had high score on extraversion (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and tough-mindedness (p < 0.001), and the severity of alcohol dependence had an inverse relationship with extraversion (p = 0.004) and self-control (p = 0.002). The severity of ADS was directly related to the use of emotional support (p = 0.007) and substance use (p = 0.005) as coping mechanisms while the use of instrumental support (p = 0.001) and humor (p < 0.001) had inverse relationship with the severity of ADS. ConclusionsADS had less hardy personality and the level of hardiness had inverse relationship with alcohol dependence. The severity of alcohol dependence had an inverse relationship with extraversion and self-control. In terms of coping styles, substance use and use of emotional support was found to be directly related with the severity of alcohol dependence while the use of instrumental support and humor were found to be protective against severe dependence.

INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF MONITORING CITY LANDS

Urban land monitoring is an important component of effective land management. Instrumental monitoring of urban land is necessary for the collection and analysis of data on land plots, which allows for effective management of urban land, planning of city development, and environmental safety. One of the main tools for city land monitoring is geoinformation systems. Remote sensing of the Earth, navigation and positioning systems, land resource databases are another tool for monitoring urban land. These databases are the basis for monitoring urban land and are used to make decisions on planning and management of land resources. For the effective use of instrumental support for city land monitoring, appropriate qualifications of specialists and engineers who will be engaged in data collection and analysis are required. It is also important to have sufficient resources and funding for tool development and implementation. The purpose of the article is to research modern approaches, methods and principles of instrumental monitoring of urban lands. The study presents methods and technologies of instrumental monitoring of urban lands. The areas of instrumental provision for monitoring the land of cities have been analyzed. Monitoring urban land is a very important task that has a significant impact on our planet and our shared future. To do this, it is important to have access to accurate and objective statistical data that will allow for proper planning and control of the use of land resources in cities. According to the research results, it was found that the instrumental methods of city monitoring are an important tool for ensuring the sustainable development of cities and improving the quality of life of residents. They allow collecting accurate and objective data on the state of urban areas and using them for planning the development of cities and managing urban infrastructure. It has been proven that the instrumental methods of city monitoring should be used in combination with other methods and approaches to ensure a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the state of cities and their development. Keywords: instrumental land monitoring, geoinformation system, automation, camera work, monitoring principles, land monitoring data, geospatial analysis, land plot.

Coping Strategies of Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia in Malang Districts

Schizophrenia is a disease that not only puts a burden on the afflicted individual but also poses a significant challenge to their caregivers. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia use coping strategies to deal with these struggles. This study aimed to identify coping strategies used by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. This was a descriptive correlational study. Participants were 57 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia who were referred to the general hospital in Malang Districts. They were selected through a purposive sampling method. The data collection tools were demographic and brief cope (BC). The scores of family caregivers using different types of coping strategies were: Self Direction 41.23%, Active Coping 85.75%, Denial 26.32%, Use of Emotional Support 89.25%, Use of Instrumental Support 96.49%, Behavioral Disengagement 35.09%, Venting 28.95%, Positive Reframing 95.18%, Planning 95.18%, Humor 95.18%, Acceptance 94.30%, Religion 91.45%, Self-Blaming 26.54%. The results showed that the most used adaptive coping strategy was instrumental support. Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia have used adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Mental health professionals should make a program that supports family caregivers in making adaptive coping strategies.&#x0D; Keywords: caregivers, family, schizophrenia

The relationship of stress coping styles on substance use, depressive symptoms, and personality traits of nurses in higher education institution.

This study examined the collective characteristics of nurses and their stress coping style. We conducted a cluster analysis of the stress coping strategies of 841 nurses belonging to Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, as measured by the Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). We also conducted multivariate analyses of each cluster's sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, depressive symptoms, work attitudes, sense of fairness, and turnover intention. The results of cluster analysis using the standardized z scores of the Brief COPE demonstrated that the study participants were classified into three clusters. The "emotional-response type" tended to favor the use of emotional support, venting, and self-blame. The "reality-escape type" tended to prefer alcohol and substance use, behavioral resignation, use of instrumental support, and lack of acceptance. The "problem-solving type" tended to prefer planning, positive reframing, and acceptance and to dislike "alcohol and substance use" and behavioral disengagement. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to the problem-solving type, the emotional-response type had a lower job title, a higher "neuroticism" score on the TIPI-J, and a higher K6 score. However, compared to the problem-solving type, the reality-escape type was younger, consumed more alcohol and substances, and had a higher K6 score. Stress coping styles were found to be associated with substance use, depressive symptoms, and personality traits among nurses in higher education institutions. Thus, the results suggest that nurses who choose maladaptive stress coping styles require mental support and early identification of depressive symptoms and alcohol problems.

Predictors of Students’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support

Young people and women seem to suffer more from social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic than do others. Findings from pre-pandemic surveys identified students as a specific risk group for developing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Recent studies have indicated that students especially denoted a decrease in mental health during the pandemic. In a sample of n = 1938 university students (67.6% female), we investigated protective factors that are associated with mental health (defined as the absence of any mental disorder) and more specifically, the absence of major depression during the pandemic despite social restrictions. Investigated protective factors were social support, sense of coherence and situational coping strategies. The results of the multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, high sense of coherence and specific coping strategies could be identified to be associated with mental health in general and the absence of major depression. Protective coping strategies that were related to mental health in general were lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing and lower self-blame. Protective coping strategies that were associated with the absence of major depression specifically were higher use of instrumental support, lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing, higher emotional support, lower self-blame and lower humor. Social support was related to the absence of major depression, but not to mental health in general. Higher age in university students was associated with better mental health, but not with the absence of major depression specifically. These findings indicate that sense of coherence and situational coping strategies can buffer the adverse effect of social restrictions on mental health and thus, can serve as important resilience factors. Moreover, they highlight the political relevance of promoting specific coping strategies to foster mental health in students encompassing adverse events and social restrictions.

Sociodemographic Correlates of Coping Styles Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the different demographic variables and other social, and health-related factors, and the coping styles used by the general population in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 5,514 participants was conducted online over two weeks. An online questionnaire was distributed among attendees of a public awareness campaign. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: (1) sociodemographic variables and questions exploring the physical and mental health of the participants, along with COVID-19 related questions, and (2) the Brief COPE questionnaire to identify the coping styles used by participants. Results: The most frequently used adaptive styles involved religion, acceptance, and positive reframing. As for the maladaptive styles, self-distraction, venting, and self-blame were the most frequently used. Comparing the means of coping styles, participants older than 60 and female participants more frequently used religion, acceptance, positive reframing, and active coping, while participants younger than 35 and male participants reported more frequent use of instrumental support and humor. Younger participants used all maladaptive coping styles more frequently than older participants; male and female participants appeared to use different maladaptive coping styles. People with mental health conditions showed less frequent use of adaptive coping styles and more frequent use of maladaptive coping styles. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that multiple sociodemographic and health variables such as age, gender, and the presence of mental health conditions may influence the type of coping styles people use during a crisis. These findings could offer a better understanding of how the general public is coping with this unique situation. This may help mental health care workers and public health officials provide appropriate support at both individual and general population levels during this pandemic.

Coping strategies to predict the psychological well-being of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has forced college students to undergo online learning. Various problems that arise due to this pandemic, especially those related to academic achievement, can disrupt the students' psychological well-being. This study investigated coping strategies' role in predicting college students' psychological well-being during the pandemic's first wave. Two hundred eleven students participated online in this quantitative study and completed the shortened version of the Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Brief Cope Inventory. The regression analysis results show that problem-focused coping strategies, such as planning and the use of instrumental support, significantly predict the increase in female students' psychological well-being. In contrast, only active coping positively predicts psychological well-being in male students. Dysfunctional coping strategies, such as behavioral disengagement and denial, significantly predict the decline in female students' psychological well-being. On the other hand, venting showed a significant role in predicting the increased psychological well-being of female students. Emotion-focused coping strategies do not significantly predict psychological well-being in female and male students. Therefore, regarding the psychological well-being of college students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, coping strategies, especially problem-focused and dysfunctional strategies, contribute differently to female and male students.

Strategies for Coping With Stress Used by Nurses in Poland and Belarus During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IntroductionStress is an inseparable element of nurses' work. It is also the cause of wellbeing disorders and the source of various diseases. The wellbeing and health of nurses has a direct impact on the quality of care and health outcomes for patients. An appropriate stress coping strategy can reduce the impact of stress and mitigate its negative consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic, especially in its initial period, was a source of enormous additional stress for nurses. In Poland and Belarus: two neighboring countries with common history and similar culture, the authorities took a completely different approach to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare how nurses in Poland and Belarus cope with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and MethodThe cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 nurses working in hospital in Bialystok, Poland (158) and in Grodno, Belarus (126). Mini-Cope inventory - the polish adaptation of Carver's BriefCope was used for measuring coping with stress.ResultsOnly 17.5% of Belarusian nurses were tested for the presence of the virus and only 4.8% were infected, while in Poland it was 50.6 and 31.0%, respectively. The most frequent used coping strategies were active strategies (active coping, planning) and the least-used were avoidance strategies (behavioral disengagement, substance use) in both countries. Polish nurses significantly more often than Belorussian used support-seeking/emotion-oriented strategies, as well as avoidance strategies. No differences were found for active coping strategies between the both groups. Contact with a patient infected with the SARS-CoV2 virus did not influence the choice of stress coping strategies by nurses in both countries. Staying in quarantine or home isolation favored more active coping strategies, especially in the case of Belarusian nurses. Taking a SARS-CoV-2 test did not statistically differentiate the choice of coping strategies in the Belarusian group. In the Polish group, nurses with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result used both use of instrumental support and use of emotional support strategies less frequently. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection did not statistically differentiated how stressful situations were handled in Polish group.ConclusionsPolish and Belorussian nurses used similar strategies to cope with stress in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The social and demographic differences between Polish and Belorussian nurses differentiated the choice of coping strategies among the respondents to a greater extent than the completely different approach of the media and authorities to the COVID-19 pandemic in the two countries. The threat of the COVID-19 pandemic does not affect the choice of stress coping strategies by nurses in Poland and Belarus. Being in quarantine or home isolation favored the use of active coping strategies among Belorussian nurses. Polish nurses, on the other hand, were more likely to turn to religion after being quarantined.

Accounting Faculty mental health: coping strategies against stress,

ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate which coping strategies are most frequently used by accounting faculty and how they can modulate the perceived stress. The higher education academic environment is filled with events that are stressful in nature; however, little effort, especially in the area of accounting, has been employed in seeking to understand and propose guidelines that can improve well-being and pleasure in the teaching profession. A coping strategy is a behavior that protects the individual from psychological damage related to problematic social experiences; it is through these behaviors that individuals manage their day-to-day experiences, thus helping to maintain their mental health. The discussion about the use of strategies for coping with stress lacks an approach in higher education institutions (HEIs), as it indicates that various strategies are being employed ineffectively and signals that three of the statistically significant strategies belong to the dimension of those focused on dysfunctional emotions. And, more seriously, of those three strategies, two (self-reproach and denial) have further contributed to increasing the perception of stress. The Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI), composed of 26 questions with a five-point Likert scale, and the Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory), with 28 items and a four-point scale, were employed together with sociodemographic questions. An electronic questionnaire was sent to two thousand accounting faculty in Brazil. Altogether, 563 faculty members answered the questions. The analysis was conducted through association and multiple linear regression tests. It was verified that the average stress reported by the faculty members was 63% of the maximum TSI score, and the most prevalent strategies measured by the Brief COPE were planning, active coping, positive reinterpretation, use of instrumental support, self-reproach, and religion. Through linear regression estimation, it was concluded that two coping strategies (active coping and behavioral divestment) negatively moderated the faculty members’ stress, but two others (self-reproach and denial) raised their perception of stress. Moreover, it was discovered that the faculty members who were most vulnerable to stress use less adaptive coping strategies more intensely.

Coping Strategies for Stress Used by People Working in Managerial Positions in Schools and Educational Establishments during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Although the ability to deal with stress is one of the key competences of people working in managerial positions in schools and educational establishments, principals in this area are very poorly diagnosed. The aim of this study was to consider the coping strategies used by headmasters and deputy headmasters of schools and educational establishments during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, Mini-COPE was used. The respondents (N = 159) obtained a higher mean for “active coping”, “planning”, “positive reframing”, “acceptance”, “use of instrumental support”, “venting”, and “problem-focused strategies” than the normative value. Compared to deputy headmasters, headmasters obtained higher mean results for “planning” and “religion”, and lower results for “behavioral disengagement”. Respondents with longer job seniority in a managerial position, obtained a higher mean for “use of instrumental support” and lower for “religion”. Compared to respondents employed in private schools, people in the public education sector are more likely to use “behavioral disengagement” and less their “sense of humor”. The respondents working in primary schools scored higher on average for “use of instrumental support” and “problem-focused strategies”. It would be advisable to compare the results with the teachers and the persons holding managerial positions in institutions and organizations not related to education.

The coping skills and quality of life among rape survivors - A descriptive study from Kerala.

Background:Rape is one of the most heinous of acts. It constitutes a major violation of an individual’s basic rights and intensely impacts their mental and physical health. Coping skills used to deal with the trauma could provide information on their quality of life (QOL).Objectives:To assess the coping skills and QOL of rape survivors and to explore its association with their coping skills.Materials and Methods:Data were collected through a questionnaire, and coping skills were assessed using the Brief COPE scale and QOL using the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Spearman rank correlation.Results:Adaptive coping skills such as use of instrumental support, active coping, use of emotional support, self-distraction, and acceptance had higher COPE mean scores. QOL in the domain of physical health (mean = 52.71) had the highest mean score, followed by the domains of environment (mean = 51.35) and psychological health (mean = 48.37). Use of coping skills like active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reframing, and acceptance had a significant positive correlation with the QOL in the domains of physical health and environment. Active coping and positive reframing were positively correlated with the QOL in the domain of psychological health, while positive reframing and humor were positively correlated with the social relationships domain.Conclusion:Those who employed adaptive coping skills (active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reframing, acceptance) showed significantly better QOL than those with maladaptive skills.

STRATEGIJE PREVLADAVANJA STRESA KAO PREDIKTORI INTERNET ZAVISNOSTI

The aim of this study was to determinate the role of coping strategies in predicting internet addiction dimensions. The sample is conveniente and it consists of 597 subjects (63% women). The age of the subject ranges from 18 to 70 years, with an average age of 35.58 (SD=11.29). To measure a severity of compulsive internet use Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form; YIAT-SF was used, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced; Brief COPE was used to measure how people cope with problems and stressful life events. Two separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. In both analyses, in first step the predictors were sociodemographic variables, and in second were ten types of coping strategies (Self-distraction, Active coping, Denial, Use of emotional support, Use of instrumental support, Behavioral disengagement, Venting, Positive reframing, Acceptance and Self-blame), while the criteria variables were different dimensions of internet addiction (Loss of control/Time management and Craving/Social problems). The results showed that both models are statistically significant. Significant predictor of dimension Loss of control/Time management in the first step is age (β = -.13, p = .001), and in second step are Self-distraction (β = .09, p = .018); Active coping (β = -.15, p = .001); Behavioral disengagement (β = .24, p &lt; .001) and Self-blame (β = .13, p = .002). When it comes to Craving/Social problems, significant predictor of this variable in first step is age (β = -.11, p = .006), and in second are gender (β = .07, p = .041); Active coping (β = -.09, p = .044); Denial (β = .14, p = .001); Use of emotional support (β = -.16, p = .002) and Behavioral disengagement (β = .25, p &lt; .001). So, based on the results, we can conclude that based on Self-distraction, Active coping, Behavioral disengagement, and Self-blame we can predict the difficulties in everyday functioning caused by internet use, but we can also predict an effect that excessive internet use could have on social relations and craving for the Internet based on Denial, Use of emotional support and Behavioral disengagement. The application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested good construct validity of Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form. Keywords: coping strategies, internet addiction, internet use

Assessment of Psychological Well-Being and Coping Strategies among Family Caregivers of Children with Down syndrome

Background: Family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome are frequently unstable and forego their psychological well-being, suffer additional economic difficulties, ill health and cope ineffectively than families without disabilities. Aim: This study aimed to assess psychological well- being and coping strategies among family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome. Design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was carried out in the Genes Clinics of Down Syndrome in the specialized clinics of the university pediatric hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Subjects: A sample of 60 family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome. The study tools were: 1) Interviewing Questionnaire, 2) Brief-COPE inventory (Carver, 1997) and 3) Ryff’s Psychological well-being scale (1989). The results: The study showed that family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome depended mainly on emotion-focused coping strategies in managing burden of child caregiving and the most frequent used emotion focused coping strategies were religion, acceptance and venting while the most frequent used problem-focused coping strategy was use of instrumental support. Concerning to psychological well-being, more than half of family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome had psychological well-being less than usual. Conclusions: There was a negative statistically significant correlation between psychological well- being and all types of emotion-focused coping strategies except for humor, acceptance and religion. Meanwhile, there was a positive statistically significant correlation between level of psychological well-being and all subscales of problem-focused coping strategies. Recommendations: Future research to assess challenges encountered by siblings of Down Syndrome children and to apply supportive intervention that promotes positive relationships and attitudes as well as Establishment of counseling clinics for parents and siblings to improve their psychological well-being and coping strategies.

Comparing online support groups with psychoeducation versus psychoeducation alone for distressed breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background: Online support groups are one forum that can help breast cancer survivors cope with negative mood states, but little is known about their effects compared to self-administered psycho-educational interventions. This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of synchronous, text-based professionally led online support groups (OSGs) plus a psychoeducational coping skills training program, called Nucare, versus Nucare alone in distressed survivors of breast cancer. Methods: Consented participants were randomized to an OSG (90-minute once-weekly session for 12 weeks) plus home-based Nucare or a self-directed home-based Nucare intervention alone. The primary outcome was the Profile of Mood States-Short Form – Total Mood Disturbance score (POMS-TMD). Secondary outcomes included measures of anxiety, depression, coping, illness intrusiveness, and loneliness. Outcomes were measured before and after the intervention, and 3 months post-intervention (follow-up). Results: One hundred twenty-five stage I–III breast cancer survivors enrolled with a mean age of 53 years (OSG plus Nucare [n = 68]; Nucare alone [n = 57]). There was a significant improvement in POMS-TMD scores among the entire study sample during the intervention period (Cohen's d = 0.25, P = .002), which was maintained over follow-up. The group × time interactions on POMS-TMD over the intervention and follow-up periods were not significant (all Ps &gt; .05), indicating neither group outperformed the other. Group x time interactions on three coping domains (positive reframing, use of instrumental support, self-blame) favored Nucare alone over OSG plus Nucare during the intervention period (Cohen's d ranged from 0.40 to 0.48), while group x time interactions over the follow-up period favored OSG plus Nucare over Nucare alone on loneliness (Cohen's d = 0.34) and one coping domain (self-blame) (Cohen's d = 0.58). Anxiety, depression, and illness intrusiveness were not significantly different between groups at any time point (all Ps &gt; .05). Conclusion: OSGs plus Nucare were not found superior to Nucare alone in improving mood disturbance. Mood improvement among the entire sample indicates that regular use of either Nucare alone or in combination with OSGs may have the potential to ameliorate negative mood states in breast cancer survivors.

The COIVD-19 Pandemic First Wave and Copings among the Urban Patients in India

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic first wave has had a huge psychological impact on COVID patients living in urban areas. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design to determine the coping strategies among home isolated patients with COVID-19 in urban districts of south India. The convenient sampling technique was used to select 60 persons infected with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic as sample of the study. The coping strategies were assessed by using the Brief COPE Inventory scale. It has 28 statements which can identify 14 possible coping strategies and sociodemographic data were collected through the telephonic interview method. Results and Conclusions: Negative coping strategies such as denial and self-blame were found high, and positive coping strategies such as active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, venting, positive reframing, planning, and religion were reported to high among COVID patients in urban areas. The study suggests providing at least psychological first aid to reduce mental distress during isolation/quarantine.s

A Global Pandemic: How Different Nations Coped with COVID-19 Phobia

Aim: This study examined the impact of coping on COVID-19 Phobia (C19P) among individuals from different nations including a cluster of European countries, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the United States of America (USA) by using quantitative measures (C19P-S; Brief COPE) and a demographic questionnaire. Method: The research participants were recruited via disseminating an electronic survey on Facebook Messenger. We used the sample of 812 participants from our previous study that focused on resilience toward C19P. Result: Most coping styles correlated statistically significantly with the level of C19P at different domains including psychological, psychosomatic, economic, and social factors. At least two nations out of the five had statistically different scores for all 14 coping styles (p &lt;0.05). The coping styles including selfdistraction, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement, humor, religion, and self-blame were statistically significantly affected by age (p &lt;0.05).

Psycho-educational Nursing Intervention for Improving Coping Strategies and Psychological Well-Being among Family Caregivers of Children with Down Syndrome

Background: Training family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome on how to promote their own psychological well-being and to cope effectively is essential as they are frequently unstable and forego their psychological well-being. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of psycho-educational nursing intervention on coping strategies and psychological well-being among family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome. Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was carried out in the Genes Clinics of Down Syndrome in the specialized clinics of the university pediatric hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Subjects: A sample of 60 family caregivers of children with Down Syndrome. The study tools were: 1) Interviewing Questionnaire, 2) Brief-COPE inventory (Carver, 1997), 3) Ryff’s Psychological well-being scale (1989) and 4) Psycho-educational program. The results: There were highly statistically significant differences between pre &amp; post intervention regarding to emotion-focused coping strategies except for humor, acceptance, religion, venting and substance use and there were highly statistically significant differences between pre &amp; post intervention regarding to problem-focused coping strategies except for use of instrumental support. Conclusions: There were highly statistically significant differences between pre &amp; post intervention regarding the level of psychological well-being. There was a negative statistically significant correlation between psychological well-being pre &amp; post intervention and all types of emotion-focused coping strategies except for humor, acceptance and religion. Meanwhile, there was a highly positive statistically significant correlation between psychological well-being pre &amp; post intervention and problem-focused coping strategies regarding active coping and positive reframing and a positive statistically significant correlation regarding use of instrumental support and planning. Recommendations: Future research to assess challenges encountered by siblings of Down Syndrome children and to apply supportive intervention that promotes positive relationships and attitudes.

Psychological Factors Associated with Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori).

ObjectiveCases of prolonged social withdrawal (hikikomori) have recently been reported in several countries. This study examined the impact of cognitive-behavioral and emotional factors on hikikomori behavior to identify intervention targets. Identifying such targets could facilitate the development of techniques to address hikikomori characteristics. MethodsTwo hundred Japanese individuals (mean age=38.73, SD=6.85) completed the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori and Stress Response Scale-18, along with the Japanese versions of the Self-Compassion Scale (Short Form), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Participants were divided into two groups: individuals with no experience of social withdrawal, and those with experience of social withdrawal. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress were associated with hikikomori behaviors. Furthermore, higher instrumental support levels, associated with a decrease in hikikomori behaviors, were found in the hikikomori group. Conclusion The use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress should be targeted in hikikomori prevention interventions. Moreover, encouragement for the use of instrumental support is needed for improving hikikomori.