Use Of Innovative Materials Research Articles

Chameleon Building

The research lines that are outlined for the next few years identify the most promising innovation territory for the development of resilient envelopes in materials and construction systems. In the last two decades, this research lines has fuelled the development and then the entry on the market of different materials supported by a growing demand for resilience and characterized by the adoption of different approaches: from the design of the same material to the modification of some of its characteristics, obtained by technological transfer both within the same building sector, both from other sectors already tested, from the “eco-active” ones to obtain self-cleaning surfaces, up to PCM Phase Change Material, TIM Transparent Insulation Material, Aerogel, ETFE Ethylene, a polymer made of a translucent and resilient plastic film an air cushion that inflates and deflates according to weather conditions. To this, adds the strong contribution of SMART systems that produce sensitive and responsive envelopes that define its new resilient character. Another approach inherent in the adaptive requisite of buildings is that following the dictates of Biomimetic, it directs studies towards the realization of iridescent facades in the material-functional and language responses, to the different solicitations deriving from the contexts.Assuming nature as a model, measurement we study materials and components that react to environmental stimuli in an organic and passive way. These highly adaptive strategies could substantially contribute to the realization of resilient envelopes. The use of innovative materials and systems would therefore in a certain sense “tune” the building to the climate, in fact with the right sensors and controls the building is able to respond to weather conditions in real time.

Thermal performance evaluation of a low-cost housing ceiling prototype made with gypsum and sisal fibre panels

Social housing needs and constructive demands required new constructive solutions based on the use of innovative materials, aiming energy efficiency, reducing waste, maintains of buildings and pollutants such as CO2. The composites materials with a ceramic matrix and fibres as reinforcement originate materials widely used in building industry. However, the study of the thermal performance of these composites materials as a ceiling prototype panels contributes to the determination of the internal temperatures and thermal comfort achieve by the social house. The present research had the purpose of conceiving and evaluating the thermal performance of a low-cost ceiling prototype panels made of a gypsum composite reinforced with sisal nonwoven (“in nature”), located in Salvador, Napoli, Barcelona and Marseille, by means of computer simulations for testing the improvements of the original gypsum ceiling. Among the composites used in this study are the following conformations: gypsum-sisal-gypsum (GMG), gypsum-sisal-sisal-gypsum (GMMG), gypsum-sisal-gypsum-sisal-gypsum (GMGMG). From obtained results, general guidelines were drawn for improving indoor comfort condition for summer at each location.

SEISMIC RETROFIT OF NONDUCTILE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME AND MASONRY BUILDINGS

A large proportion of existing building and bridge infrastructure across the world consists of seismically deficient non-ductile structural systems. Performance of structures during recent earthquakes have demonstrated seismic vulnerability of these systems, the majority of which were designed prior to the enactment of modern seismic codes, though some were designed more recently in areas where code enforcement provides challenges. These structures constitute considerable seismic risk, especially in large metropolitan centres. Because it is economically not feasible to replace a large segment of seismically deficient infrastructure with new and improved systems, retrofitting existing structures remains to be a viable seismic risk mitigation strategy. The objective of this paper is to highlight seismic retrofit strategies for deficient building and bridge infrastructures, with emphasis on experimental and analytical research conducted at the University of Ottawa. The retrofit strategies consist of structural upgrades at the system level, as well as at the element level. Non-ductile reinforced concrete frame retrofits, in the form of lateral bracing techniques, and concrete column and masonry wall retrofit methodologies are discussed. The use of innovative materials and techniques are presented.

Robotic Simulation Technique for Validating a Working Process on Composite Components: A Case Study

Automation plays a key role in the realisation of the Factory 4.0 and technological research, combined with the use of innovative materials, contributes to the improvement of products in terms of functional, technical and production quality. Within this context, the so-called Digital Twin allows to reproduce the real behaviour of a production system in a virtual environment, giving the possibility to numerically perform the desired analysis. Human-robot interaction (HRI) is increasing in those workplaces where the manual activity is not safe nor efficient in terms of performance (e.g. cycle time) and it is characterised by several levels of interaction (cooperation, collaboration and coexistence). The aim of this paper is to propose a numerical procedure that, based on the simulation, allows verifying the process feasibility, validating the interaction between human and robot and programming the logic controller to be implemented on the real robot. A case study about assembling of composite components of an aircraft fuselage panel is proposed. The use of the robot allows to speed up the processes of drilling and sealing, leaving to human less dangerous operations.

Impact of Marine Vessels Produced with Composite Materials in Their Perfomance and Reduction of CO2 Emmisions.

Composite materials that have started to be used in the production of tourist sailing vehicles especially those of the yacht type, have proven in practice the designers' expectations for the great advantages they have brought in comparison with steel. The performance of new generation ships of this millennium will require the ever-increasing use of innovative materials to meet the growing demand of potential buyers of these vehicles.On the other hand, based on the principles already sanctioned by the European Community for respecting the norms set for CO2 emissions from shipping - in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change, it is necessary to produce marine vehicles that reduce significantly the weight of marine vehicles and for consequence the engine power and fuel consumption will significantly reduce CO2 emissions. This, in addition to the innovation that accompanies the production of marine engines, demonstrates the trend of the development of composite materials in relation to traditional materials.The global composite materials market is estimated at USD 24.4 billion in 2014 and is projected to reach 5.8% growth and is expected to grow at 5.8% in the next five years, reaching 34.4 billion in 2020.Through this scientific paper I will bring a contribution to the maritime sector, analysing the positive impact that has the production of marine vessels with composite materials in maritime transport industry, not only for their excellent technical performance, but also for their positive impact in CO2 emissions in maritime straight. The study has been developed based on data analysing of maritime vessels in the Straight of Otranto.

Energy efficiency with the use of innovative materials in the Far North, using CAD

The relevance of this work lies primarily in the importance of this issue in the construction field. According to statistics, construction projects consume 40% of world energy. Industrial and residential buildings are becoming one of the main sources of thermal emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The second argument in favor of relevance is the use of basalt composite reinforcement for brickwork. And the third argument can be the use of CAD to simulate the energy consumption of the building. The practical value of the work is to use the recommendations for the construction and reconstruction of energy efficient buildings located in the Arctic zone. The theoretical value of the developed model and the proposed technology for determining energy efficiency indicators will allow it to be used for further calculations.

Some issues of nanometals applications in cancer treatment

Nanotechnology and the use of innovative materials, such as nanoparticles, have created a new and effective approach to fight cancer. Several achievements in cancer therapy using metal nanoparticles and challenges facing them are presented in the current review. Cancer therapy requires teamwork with a multidisciplinary approach. It has different levels according to the type of cancer, including chemotherapy (induction, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, consolidation or maintenance chemotherapy), radiotherapy and surgical resection. Nanometals and nanodrugs may be used on the different levels of cancer therapy, especially in chemotherapy. Platinum (Pt)-based drugs are one group of the most effective drugs used for cancer chemotherapy. Gold nanoparticles are the other group of nanometals commonly used in cancer treatment. Although effectiveness of nanometals including gold-, silver-, and iron-based, has been investigated on different cancer cell lines and animal models both in vitro and in vivo, their effectiveness should also be explored from the viewpoints of evidence-based medicine.

КЛІНІНГОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ЗАСОБАХ РОЗМІЩЕННЯ

The purpose of the article is to introduce modern cleaning technologies in hotels by reducing the harmful effects of chemicals on human health and the environment. Method. The research is based on scientific methods of analysis and comparison of information. Results. The negative impact of modern detergents used by hotel companies on the human body and the environment has been determined. The most aggressive components of chemistry and their harmful effects when used on humans are listed. The comparison of the most popular professional cleaners with the green type of cleaning products and their neutral effect on the environment and efficiency during use. Scientific novelty. One of the innovative areas in the field of professional cleaning in hotel enterprises is green cleaning, which uses solutions and technologies aimed at minimizing the harmful effects on the human body and the environment. This includes the use of cleaners based on natural components, the reduction of water consumption and the amount of chemicals used through the use of pre-treatment methods, the use of innovative materials and equipment, improving the energy efficiency of apparatus and machines and more. The principle of work of environmental cleaners is shown, which is based not on removal of contaminants by their dissolution (alkaline purifiers) or chemical reaction (acid purifiers), but on the removal of dirt from the surface by means of water base and organic compounds. Practical importance. The European experience in the use of environmentally friendly solutions proves that the use of green-series means can optimize the cost of maintaining facilities. Thanks to the "green" type of cleaning, protective films and coatings are formed on surfaces that are washable and cleanable. This allows them to extend their service life, which is very important in our economic environment. Eco-friendly goods or products are valued much higher and hotel services are no exception. Positioning the hotel as an eco-hotel gives the owner a number of competitive advantages, for example, the ability to use the new status for advertising purposes, create a favorable microclimate for guests and increase the rate of loading of the room.

The introduction of new technologies in the development and production of roads

In connection with modern economic conditions, great attention is paid to the use of new materials and modern technologies. According to the results of the analysis of technical characteristics, materials are used to ensure the economic effect of the initial cost of construction and reduce costs during operation. Experts and scientists agree that the use of innovative materials becomes economically viable at the stage of construction and subsequent operation of the road surface. It is new technologies that are designed to improve road safety in our country of costly repairs. In this case, areas with permafrost soils and regions with difficult climatic conditions, which are characterized by seasonal freezing of soils, deserve special attention.

ANALYSIS OF ELECTROTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF INNOVATIVE HIGH-TEMPERATURE WIRES FOR OVERHEAD POWER TRANSMISSION LINES

Purpose. Determination of the capacity of wires of overhead power transmission lines based on innovative materials without changing the currently used structures, as well as the possibility of increasing the voltage class of overhead transmission lines when using wires based on aluminum-zirconium materials. Methodology. Analytical method for determining the throughput capacity of overhead power transmission lines. Comparative analysis of electrical characteristics of wires of overhead power transmission lines. Findings . The possibility of increasing the capacity of overhead power transmission lines while maintaining the wire cross-section, using an innovative material based on an aluminum-zirconium alloy, has been proved. The reduction of the weight of the wire based on innovative materials is justified, while maintaining the current throughput. The advantages and disadvantages of European wire structures for overhead power transmission lines are revealed using innovative material based on an aluminum-zirconium alloy. The optimal design of wires based on the innovative material of the aluminum-zirconium alloy for overhead transmission lines, permissible for use on the territory of Ukraine, has been determined. Originality. The expediency of using the traditional designs of the wires of overhead power transmission lines has been proved, in the case of using innovative material. The possibility of increasing the voltage class of overhead power transmission lines using wires based on aluminum-zirconium materials has been substantiated. Practical value. The results are obtained regarding the electrical resistance of overhead power transmission lines to peak loads, taking into account the low costs of modernization with the use of an innovative material based on an alloy of aluminum and zirconium. The use of innovative material creates conditions for increasing the voltage class of overhead power transmission lines, which allows increasing the transmitted power to the consumer. The use of materials based on aluminum-zirconium alloys makes it possible to carry out measures for the reconstruction of electric supply networks without replacement of supports and additional work on land allocation, as in the case of reconstruction without increasing the voltage line class of power lines, and in case of increasing the voltage class.

Portable Health Care Facilities in Disaster and Rescue Zones: Characteristics and Future Suggestions.

Data were collected from peer-reviewed literature, scientific reports, magazines, and websites regarding health care facilities at rescue and salvage situations. Information was grouped according to categories of structure and properties, and relative strengths and weaknesses. Next, suggestions were made for future directions. Permanent structures and temporary constructed facilities were the two primary categories of health care facilities functioning at disaster zones. Permanent hospitals were independent functioning medical units that were moved or transported to and from disaster zones as complete units, as needed. These facilities included floating hospitals, flying (airborne) hospitals, or terrestrial mobile facilities. Thus, these hospitals self-powered and contained mobility aids within their structure using water, air, or land as transporting media.Temporary health care facilities were transported to disaster zones as separate, nonfunctioning elements that were constructed or assembled on site and were subsequently taken apart. These facilities included the classical soft-type tents and solid containers that were organized later as hospitals in camp configurations. The strengths and weaknesses of the diverse hospital options are discussed. Future directions include the use of innovative materials, advanced working methods, and integrated transportation systems. In addition, a holistic approach should be developed to improve the performance, accessibility, time required to function, sustainability, flexibility, and modularity of portable health care facilities.Bitterman N, Zimmer Y. Portable health care facilities in disaster and rescue zones: characteristics and future suggestions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):411-417.

Experimental evaluation of the adhesion of a FRCM-tuff strengthening system

Nowadays, the use of innovative materials for the reinforcement of existing buildings are the most used technological solutions. Several reinforcement systems are available currently on the market and different research groups dealt with them from experimental point of view; these systems differ both in the reinforcing fibers used and the type of matrix applied.The most common reinforcement systems are those based on polymer matrix (FRP) provided by criteria and design rules consolidated in the application field for both new and existing buildings. In recent years scientifically-based cement matrix reinforcement systems (FRCM) are been used and experimented in the field of existing constructions. Unfortunately, there are currently no guidelines for qualification, as well as design criteria and application rules. It is a completely different reinforcement system compared to the common FRP reinforcements, in fact the cement matrix has a different mechanical behavior when applied to masonry supports. The mechanical behavior, already investigated by numerous authors, highlights the advantages that can be obtained with respect to a traditional reinforcement system. The aspect that still needs to be analyzed and studied is the adhesion between the existing support and the FRCM reinforcement system. In the present work, the attention is focused on the adhesion of a FRCM-tuff reinforcement system; for this purpose, experimental tests were carried out at the Materials and Structural Testing Laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Calabria. The specimens consist of blocks of tuff, as regards the support, while the applied FRCM reinforcement system is based on basalt fibers and cement matrix. All results were compared with those obtained from previous research using other support materials and reinforcing fibers.

Physical and mechanical properties of plasters incorporating aerogel granules and polypropylene monofilament fibres

Growing concern over global warming in recent years has required buildings to become significantly more energy efficient. One of the main ways of achieving this aim has been through the use of innovative materials to facilitate improvements in levels of building insulation. This paper describes the use of aerogel granules as an additive material for lime-based plasters, with the objective of improving the thermal efficiency of buildings whilst maintaining or improving vapour permeability.Five experimental lime composite mixes were prepared, with lime putty as the binder material and aggregate comprising differing proportions of standard sand and aerogel granules. Previous work had already confirmed very low strengths for plaster mixes containing aerogel granules alone as the aggregate material; therefore, polypropylene fibres were incorporated as a secondary additive material to improve the mechanical properties and reduce strength loss attributed to shrinkage and cracking.The flexural strength, compressive strength, thermal conductivity and water vapour permeability of lime composite mortars containing different volume fractions of aerogel were determined. Microstructures were examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that aerogel granules can be successfully incorporated into lime plasters to improve thermal efficiency. The addition of aerogel was also found to improve moisture vapour permeability. The inclusion of polypropylene fibres in aerogel plasters was effective in reducing shrinkage and cracking to acceptable levels. Experimental mixes exhibited a slight reduction in strength compared to standard plaster mixes, although this was compensated for by a high level of flexibility and toughness.This work provides innovative information on utilising aerogel granules as an insulating plaster additive by addressing the issues of strength and flexibility, properties that are not normally associated with aerogel but which are of importance in a functional plaster material.

Esthetic features of the high-tech style

The article іs considered the ways of forming a high-tech style that recognizes the aesthetics of technology, preserves the balance between aesthetic categories. Fine and ugly. It is revealed that in this style form and construction become inseparable. The aesthetics of the high-tech style is considered, which compares art with technique. Hi tech refers to the concept of architecture, the aesthetics of which are based on the high quality of the structures obtained by using the latest technologies and engineering achievements. The use of innovative materials with reflective properties in modern interior design is defined. It is revealed that the interiors of this style use artificial materials with their ability to easily transform the shape, plastic of all kinds - hard and flexible, transparent and opaque, smooth or with pronounced texture. Сold shine of steel, chromium and aluminum, elements of the interior.

Multi-objective optimization of a compact pressurized water nuclear reactor computational model for biological shielding design using innovative materials

The aim of the present work is to develop a computational model of a compact pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) to investigate the use of innovative materials to enhance the biological shielding effectiveness. Two radiation transport codes were used: the first one – MCNP – for the PWR design and the GEM/EVENT to simulate (in a 1D slab) the behavior of several materials and shielding thickness on gamma and neutron radiation. Additionally MATLAB Optimization Toolbox was used to provide new geometric configurations of the slab aiming at reducing the volume and weight of the walls by means of a cost/objective function. It is demonstrated in the reactor model that the dose rate outside biological shielding has been reduced by one order of magnitude for the optimized model compared with the initial configuration. Volume and weight of the shielding walls were also reduced. The results indicated that one-dimensional deterministic code to reach an optimized geometry and test materials, combined with a three-dimensional model of a compact nuclear reactor in a stochastic code, is a fast and efficient procedure to test shielding performance and optimization before the experimental assessment. A major outcome of this research is that composite materials (ECOMASS 2150TU96) may replace (with advantages) traditional shielding materials without jeopardizing the nuclear power plant safety assurance.

Editorial

This special issue of the IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society (J-EDS) focuses on how one can minimize power dissipation at the solid-state device level. The scope covers all possible aspects including advanced process technologies, innovative use of materials, device concepts and structures.

Charge transport and mobility in monolayer graphene

For electron devices that make use of innovative materials, a basic step in the development of models and simulation computer aided design (CAD) tools is the determination of the mobility curves for the charge carriers. These can be obtained from experimental data or by directly solving the electron semiclassical Boltzmann equation. Usually the numerical solutions of the transport equation are obtained by Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) approaches with the unavoidable stochastic noise due to the statistical fluctuations. Here we derive the mobility curves numerically solving the electron semiclassical Boltzmann equation with a deterministic method based on a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme in the case of monolayer graphene. Comparisons with analytical mobility formulas are presented.

Process Behaviour of Super-hard Cutting Materials for Machining Mineral Cast

Increasing requirements on the economic and energy efficiency as well as the machining accuracy of manufacturing processes lead to the use of innovative materials and production technologies. By deploying mineral casting as a construction material for machine beds the primary energy demand and manufacturing costs on the one hand can be reduced significantly. On the other hand the mechanical and thermal properties of mineral cast allow for an increase in process reliability and productivity of highly dynamic manufacturing processes. However, the hardness and wear resistance of the quartzitic aggregates in the compound have an adverse effect on the machinability of mineral cast with geometrically defined cutting edges. High alternating mechanical loads and abrasive tool wear lead to short tool life and high manufacturing costs. Nevertheless, machining of mineral cast with geometrically defined cutting edges represents a key driver for the design and manufacturing of mineral cast components according to customer specific requirements. The Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) at the Technische Universität Berlin performed comprehensive cutting tests to analyze the general performance behavior of super-hard cutting materials in machining mineral cast. The studies show that the choice of cutting materials, the tool geometry and the process parameters strongly affect the process reliability of mineral cast machining. First requirements of a process-oriented tool design for the efficient machining of mineral cast have been developed.

Feasibility of green composite aircraft wing projects for unmanned aircraft vehicles

The majority of forecasts show air activities escalating at a steady rate. Rather than discussing the pollution resulting from the future massive disposal of these retired aircraft, most studies focus on the impact of the fuel burned by aircraft and on short-term improvements in the economics. This article focuses on identifying the steps necessary to make green material economically viable for aircraft. The present analysis studies the use of innovative materials for main aircraft structures based on an eco-Demonstrator aircraft wing and a life cycle costing model. Because different variables affect the viability of green materials differently, with different impacts on cost, it is important to determine the best strategy to reduce cost. This study finds a model where relatively small increases in durability can substantially decrease the total life cost of new green materials for aeronautical structures.

Solutions to Improve the Thermal Protection of the Administrative Building

At the end of the 90s, with the introduction of changes in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation №3 to SNiP II-3-79*, regulatory requirements for thermal protection of buildings were revised towards increase. For this reason, the buildings built till 2000 don't conform to modern requirements. The actual solution of this problem is to carry out works on renovation of facades of the existing buildings with the use of innovative materials. As object of research one of educational cases of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University has been chosen, where by practical consideration the size of the actual thermal resistance of external walls has been determined by heat flux meter, the numerical value of which was significantly lower than the standard values. Based on the obtained data two modern ways of thermal insulation of facades (Ventilated Facade System (VFS) and External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS)) have been analyzed, the assessment of energy saving potential and the discounted payback period of the investments directed to warming of facades has been made.