Use Of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Research Articles

Bioactive Materials Based on Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Silver Nanoparticles: Structural-Morphological Characterization and Antimicrobial Testing

The progress achieved in recent years in the biomedical field justifies the objective evaluation of new techniques and materials obtained by using silver in different forms as metallic silver, silver salts, and nanoparticles. Thus, the antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) confers to newly obtained materials characteristics that make them ideal candidates in a wide spectrum of applications. In the present study, the use of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in the new formulation, by embedding AgNPs with antibacterial activity, using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a stabilizing agent was investigated. AgNPs were incorporated in HPMC solutions, by thermal reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles, using PVP as a stabilizer; a technique that ensures the efficiency and selectivity of the obtained materials. The rheological properties, morphology, in vitro antimicrobial activity, and stability/catching of Ag nanoparticles in resulting HPMC/PVP-AgNPs materials were evaluated. The obtained rheological parameters highlight the multifunctional roles of PVP, focusing on the stabilizing effect of new formulations but also the optimization of some properties of the studied materials. The silver amount was quantified using the spectroscopy techniques (energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)), while formation of the AgNPs was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Also, the morphological examination (Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) by means of the texture roughness parameters has evidenced favorable characteristics for targeted applications. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and was found to be substantially improved was silver was added in the studied systems.

Effect of phosphogypsum and water-retaining in the stabilization and durability of stabilized mortars

Abstract This work corresponds to a study on using a cellulose-based water-retaining agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), in phosphogypsum (PG)-stabilized mortars. The results in cementitious pastes showed that when PG replaced cement, there was a reduction in the fluidity of the mixture (by 64.32%) and a drastic increase in the flow stress (from 1.8 to 614.0 Pa) due to its greater need for water, proving to be porous. However, when PG was combined with the hydration stabilizing admixture (HSA) and HPMC, greater fluidity, lower yield stress, and lower viscosity were obtained. In addition, PG contributed to the delay in setting times. In the stabilized mortars, the use of HPMC ceased the phenomenon of water exudation, and the additions of 0.15 and 0.20% provided the highest compressive strengths to the 48 h mortars (±5.28 and 5.28 MPa, respectively). On the other hand, the increase in HSA content to 1.2% at 72 h stabilization caused losses in mechanical performance and modulus of elasticity. Still, when comparing the compressive strength of the 48 h mortar with PG vs mortar with cement, there is a 71.13% increase in strength.

Development of Bioadhesive Transdermal Patches of Bupivacaine for the Enhancement of Anaesthetic Effect: Study in Rat Model

The topical route for local anaesthesia including ointments and creams can be easily washed off by wetting agents or with contact or movement. The goal and objective of the present study was to develop and formulate a transdermal patch for local anaesthesia. These patches were formulated by solvent casting method by the use of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer, different enhancers, and vasoconstrictor which is the key ingredient for enhancing aesthetic activity. Formulated patches were evaluated for the physical and physicochemical parameters like moisture content, moisture uptake, folding endurance, water vapour permeability, drug content, and drug release, and in vivo study was done on rats. Amongst all the formulations, F7 was considered the ideal formulation which is the combination of HPMC polymer, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether as an enhancer, and vasoconstrictor Tetrahydrozoline. For in vivo testing Tail flick method was applied and the effect of anaesthesia was maximum as compared to other formulations. In comparison to the control formulation, there was a 2.34-fold increase in aesthetic activity. When compared to the control formulation, the F7 formulation exhibited improved and longer efficacy. A transdermal bupivacaine patch incorporating a penetration enhancer and a vasoconstrictor could be created to improve the local cosmetic effects of bupivacaine.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS USING HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS MUCILAGE

Increased complications and costs of marketing of innovative drugs focused greater attention to the development of sustained release (SR) or controlled release (CR) drug delivery systems. Delivery systems extended release or controlled release rate can achieve predictable and reproducible, the extended duration of activity for the short time of life - drugs, reduced toxicity, and dose reduction request, the optimized therapy and better patient compliance. It is controlled primarily by the type and the proportion of the polymers used in the preparation. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is an extremely potent antibacterial agent with potent activity against most gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria. The objective of present work was to develop and evaluated oral sustained release matrix tablet of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride prepared by the method of wet granulation, using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hibiscus rosa sinensis mucilage polymer alone and in combination at various concentrations. Pre-compression parameters were evaluated. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as thickness, hardness, average weight, friability and In vitro release studies. No interactions were observed between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and excipients from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The quantity of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride present in the tablets and the release medium were estimated by a simple, rapid and validated UV method. The swelling of the mixture of polymers was higher than that of any of the individual polymer containing formulations. The swelling index ranged from 51-211 % at the end of 10 h of study. It was observed that of all the formulations F1 and F4 could not sustain the release of ciprofloxacin up to 10 h. All other formulations were able to sustain the release of ciprofloxacin for 24 h duration. The formulations F5 and F7 exhibited almost similar release profiles with 64.96 and 67.18% drug release at 24 h. The results obtained from the study conclusively indicate that use of HPMC and hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf mucilage as the matrix forming substance could help in achieving sustained release over a longer duration and help in reducing the dose as well as frequency of administration of the medicaments.

Characterization, Stability, and Antibrowning Effects of Oxyresveratrol Cyclodextrin Complexes Combined Use of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose.

Oxyresveratrol (Oxy) has attracted much attention by employing it as an antibrowning agent in fruits and vegetables. In this study, the formation of cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion exhibited a certain protective effect on Oxy oxidative degradation, while hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP–β-CD) inclusion complex showed stronger stabilizing effects than those of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The combined use of CD and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) greatly improved the stability of Oxy–CD inclusion complexes, with approximately 70% of the trans-Oxy retained after 30 days of storage under light conditions at 25 °C. The results of the interaction between CD and Oxy determined by phase solubility studies and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis showed that the binding strength of CD and Oxy increased in the presence of HPMC. Moreover, Oxy combined with ascorbic acid and HPMC showed an excellent antibrowning effect on fresh-cut apple slices during the 48 h test period, indicating that adding HPMC as the third component will not influence the antibrowning activity of Oxy.

Influence of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Dosage on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Mortars with and without Fiber Reinforcement

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) is one of the most frequently used viscosity modifying admixtures in 3D printable cement-based materials. In this study, the effects of HPMC dosage on the mechanical properties of 3D printable cement-based mortars were investigated. For this purpose, mortar mixtures with and without micro steel fibers containing three different HPMC dosages (0%, 0.15%, and 0.30% by weight of cement) were produced. Reliant on the HPMC dosage, heat flow and cumulative heat curves were obtained. At the end of 7 and 28 days of standard curing, flexural, compressive, and shear bond strengths, as well as flexural toughness, were measured. Additionally, porosity values were obtained on molded, single-layer, and three-layer printed specimens. The results showed that the increase in HPMC dosage prolonged the setting times and decreased the heat release. Moreover, the porosity values increased with an increase in the HPMC dosage and the number of printed layers. All mechanical properties were drastically decreased with the use of HPMC. The decrements were more significant at the first 0.15% HPMC dosage and the shear bond strengths. Prolonging the curing period from 7 to 28 days did not lead to meaningful recovery in the mechanical properties. The negative effects of HPMC on flexural and shear bond performances were more pronounced in fiber-reinforced mortars.

Impacts of addition ratio of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or guar gum on the quality of high fiber pasta from wheat flour and mung bean husk

The production of dehulled mung bean seed generates the husk which is currently used in the manufacturing of animal feed. This by-product is rich in dietary fiber and can be used as a dietary fiber source for supplementation to food products. The pasta originated from 85% wheat flour and 15% by-product of dehulled mung bean seed production had high dietary fiber content and met the requirement of a high fiber food. Nevertheless, the use of mung bean husk negatively affected cooking properties, textural profile and sensorial quality of high fiber pasta. In this study, the effects of addition ratio of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and guar gum (GG) on the quality of pasta originated from 85% wheat flour and 15% mung bean husk were investigated. Increase in HPMC or GG ratio from 0 to 2% gradually decreased the cooking loss while improved the optimal cooking time, water absorption index, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, elongation rate as well as the overall acceptability of high fiber pasta. The increased hardness of the product added with HPMC was recorded while this property was reduced when GG was used in the pasta formulation. The use of HPMC resulted in pasta sample with better textural profile and overall acceptance than that of GG.

Effect of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch on oil uptake and physical properties of French fries

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) can be used as raw material for Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC can be used as a French fries coating to reduce oil uptake. This research aims to study the utilization of HPMC OPEFB as a French fries coating. This research consists of two stages. The first stage is cellulose extraction and HPMC synthesis. HPMC synthesis through alkalization, methylation, propylation, and neutralization. The second stage is the use of HPMC as a French fries coating with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). Potatoes that have been peeled and washed, cut lengthwise with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Further dipped in HPMC solution with different concentrations for 10 seconds, then carried out a frying pan. The HPMC from OPEFB is characterized by methyl and hydroxypropyl groups found at a wavenumber of 2891.30 cm-1, a ring of pyranose at 995.79 cm-1 and hydroxyls (OH) groups at 3371.10 cm-1. The coating of French fries with 3% HPMC OPEFB can reduce oil absorption by 16.09%. The higher the concentration of HPMC, will reduce the fat content but increase the moisture and the texture of French fries become softer. The preferred type of coating was HPMC 1%.

Safety and efficacy of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a feed additive for all animal species. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is intended for use as a technological additive (functional group: stabiliser) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for all animal species with no minimum and maximum content. A proper identification and characterisation of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as required for a feed additive is not available and the occurrence of potential toxic impurities cannot be assessed. The following conclusions apply only to hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose meeting the food additive specifications. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is considered safe for all animal species. The use of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel was not in the position to conclude on the safety of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose for the user. The use of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a feed additive is considered safe for the environment. The additive is considered to be efficacious in feedingstuffs for all animal species.

Reducing visible aerosol generation during phacoemulsification in the era of Covid-19.

ObjectiveTo assess potential methods of reducing visible aerosol generation during clear corneal phacoemulsification surgery in the era of Covid-19.MethodsAerosol generation during phacoemulsification was assessed using a model comprising a human cadaveric corneoscleral rim mounted on an artificial anterior chamber. Typical phacoemulsification settings were used and visible aerosol production was recorded using high-speed 4K camera. Aerosolisation was evaluated under various experimental settings: Two different phacoemulsification tip sizes (2.2, 2.75 mm), varying levels of corneal moisture, the use of suction and blowing air in the surgical field, the use of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) coating of the cornea with a static and moving tip.ResultsThis model demonstrates visible aerosol generation during phacoemulsification with a 2.75-mm phacoemulsification tip. No visible aerosol was noted with a 2.2-mm tip. The presence of visible aerosol was unrelated to corneal wetting. Suction in close proximity to the aerosol plume did not impact on its dispersion. Blowing air redirected the aerosol plume toward the ocular surface. Visible aerosol production was abolished when HPMC was used to coat the cornea. This effect lasted for an average of 67 ± 8 s in the static model. Visible aerosol generation was discerned during movement of the 2.2-mm tip toward the corneal wound.ConclusionsWe demonstrate visible aerosol production in the setting of a model of clear corneal phacoemulsification. Visible aerosol can be reduced using a 2.2-mm phacoemulsification tip and reapplying HPMC every minute during phacoemulsification.

Physical and rheological properties of xanthan gum agglomerated in fluidized bed: Effect of HPMC as a binder

Physical and rheological properties of agglomerated xanthan gum (XG), commonly used as a food thickener for the management of the patients with dysphagia (swallowing difficulty), were investigated at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6% w/w) of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a binder in the fluidized bed agglomeration process. Flow characteristics of agglomerated XG powder were evaluated using Carr index (CI) and Hausner ratio (HR). The agglomerated XG powders obtained by HPMC binder exhibited a better flowability and higher porosity than the agglomerated powder without binder due to the size enlargement of XG powder. Dynamic moduli (G′ and G”) of agglomerated XG powders at 2% and 4% HPMC were significantly higher than those of other powders. The tan δ values of agglomerated powders with HPMC binder were much lower than that of an agglomerated powder without HPMC, indicating that their elastic properties were enhanced because of the addition of HPMC binder. Results suggest that the use of HPMC in agglomeration process could considerably enhance the flow characteristics and rheological properties of XG powder.

Changes in physicochemical properties and starch crystallinity of sponge cake containing HPMC and extra virgin coconut oil during room temperature storage

Starch retrogradation is an important factor affecting cake firmness. Effects of hydroxy-propyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) at 0.5% (w/w) or extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) at 20% (w/w), either alone or together, on physicochemical properties and starch crystallinity of sponge cake during storage was investigated. Addition of EVCO increased specific volume and expansion ratio, while addition of HPMC increased water activity of the freshly baked sponge cake. Changes in firmness, moisture, and spin-lattice relaxation time from nuclear magnetic resonance (T1) of sponge cakes followed a first-order kinetic reaction. Use of HPMC and/or EVCO in sponge cake could retard the firmness rate in the following order: EVCO + HPMC, < EVCO < HPMC < control (no HPMC and EVCO). The Avrami model satisfactorily fitted the retrogradation kinetics data. The growth of remainder crystals was slower in the presence of EVCO + HPMC, while both the nucleation and growth rates of new crystals were slower with 20% EVCO. Practical applications Deterioration of sponge cake during storage is a major problem and can be costly to the bakery industry. HPMC and Extra virgin coconut oil could retard a firmness rate of sponge cake during storage. The kinetic modeling can be applied for tracking quality changes in sponge cake. Lipid decreases starch crystal growth and a nucleation rate in sponge cake. Firmness of sponge cake is directly related to the degree of starch crystallization. This research can be beneficial to the industrial cake production for improvement of product shelf life.

Influence of Hydrocolloids on Batter Properties and Textural Kinetics of Sponge Cake during Storage

AbstractThe influence of hydrocolloids, including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG) and sodium alginate (AG) at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w, based on the wheat flour), on batter properties and textural kinetics of sponge cake during storage was studied. It was found that the addition of XG and AG dose‐dependently increased the batter density and the viscosity of all the samples and also decreased the cake specific volume but increased the crumb moisture. The firmness change of sponge cake at different storage temperatures followed a first‐order kinetic reaction, where the activation energy (Ea) decreased in the following order: HPMC &gt; AG &gt; XG, which is in contrast to the firmness change rate constant (k). Addition of 0.5% (w/w) HPMC gave the lowest k (0.1156 day−1) and highest Ea (11.23 kJ/mol) values, reflecting its better firmness retarding property. However, the use of HPMC at 1.0% (w/w) gave an adverse effect.Practical ApplicationsConvenient baked snack foods, such as sponge cakes, are in increasing demand as a result of the changing lifestyles and economics of the global populations. However, the quality of sponge cakes changes (deteriorate) during storage. This study evaluated the use of three different hydrocolloids as potential firmness retarding agents during cake storage. Kinetics measurements were the key parameter used to describe the rate of reaction. Hydrocolloids that help to improve the texture of sponge cake are of a significant interest in the baked goods industry, and such archived research will benefit the industrial cake production for better distribution and marketing of these products.

Protein-coated nanoparticles embedded in films as delivery platforms

This work aimed to evaluate the performance of nanoparticle-loaded films based on matrices of polymethacrylates and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) intended for delivery of macromolecules. Lysozyme (Lys)-loaded nanoparticles were manufactured by antisolvent co-precipitation. After size, loading efficiency and stability characterization, the selected batch of particles was further formulated into films. Films were characterized for mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, Lys release and activity after manufacture. We found that protein-coated nanoparticles could be obtained in USP phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Particles obtained at pH 6.8 had a z-average of 347.2 nm, a zeta-potential of 21.9 mV and 99.2% remaining activity after manufacture. This formulation was further studied for its application in films for buccal delivery. Films loaded with nanoparticles that contained Eudragit RLPO (ERL) exhibited excellent mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. Due to its higher water-swelling and solubility compared with ERL, the use of HPMC allowed us to tailor the release of Lys from films. The formulation composed of equal amounts of ERL and HPMC revealed a sustained release over 4 h, with Lys remaining fully active at the end of the study. Mucoadhesive films containing protein-coated nanoparticles are promising carriers for the buccal delivery of proteins and peptides in a stable form.

Implementation of mixture design for formulation of albumin containing enteric-coated spray-dried microparticles

Context: Oral delivery of proteins has been a challenging as well as rapidly developing field.Objective: To implement mixture design of experiment to develop enteric-coated microparticles containing bovine serum albumin.Materials and methods: Microparticles were prepared using Buchi Spray Dryer 191. Simplex lattice mixture design computed using JMP software was implemented to compare the gastric protection rendered by Eudragit FS30D, Eudragit L100-55, and Eudragit S100 in microparticulate form. Further, an extreme vertices mixture design was used to incorporate hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) Chitosan in the formulation to delay the release. Microparticle recovery yield and protein content in microparticles were evaluated.Results and discussions: The design was statistically significant with Eudragit S100 resulting in protein release of < 5% in acidic buffer. The selected optimal formulation had 70% of Eudragit S, 25% HPMC, and 5% Chitosan. The release profiles of protein from Eudragit S alone and along with HPMC were compared. About 25% decrease in the amount of protein release was observed 6 h post exposure of microparticle to buffer of pH 6.8. The microparticle recovery yield reduced from 77.99% to 71.56% which is due to addition of HPMC into the formulation matrix.Conclusion: Although all three Eudragit polymers can be used for enteric coating, in the microparticulate form Eudragit S resulted in higher gastric protection. Also use of HPMC along with Eudragit S resulted in further sustained release.

Comparison of corneal wetting properties of viscous eye lubricant and balanced salt solution to maintain optical clarity during cataract surgery

To compare the corneal wetting properties of balanced salt solution (BSS) and a viscous eye lubricant during cataract surgery. Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. Prospective randomized controlled study. This randomized controlled subject- and examiner-masked study comprised patients scheduled for cataract surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either BSS or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 2% gel (Cornea_Protect). Fluorescein staining, optical clarity during surgery, application frequency, subjective grading of discomfort, and subjective dryness of the eye were assessed. One hundred one eyes of 97 patients (mean age 73.6 years; range 53 to 87 years) were included in the study. Mean grade of fluorescein staining was 9.46 ± 3.64 (SD) and 9.76 ± 3.27 (SD) in the BSS group and the HPMC 2% group, respectively (P=.67). Median grade of optical clarity during surgery was 2.0 in the BSS group and 1.0 in the HPMC 2% group, a statistically significant difference (P=.03). Median application frequency of BSS was 10 times higher than median application frequency of 1 time for HPMC 2%, a statistically significant difference (P<.001). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2% provided significantly better optical clarity than BSS during cataract surgery. Because frequent irrigation is not needed and HPMC 2% provides a better view for the surgeon, the use of HPMC 2% results in increased comfort for the patient, especially under topical anaesthesia, and in a simpler and possibly safer surgical procedure. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosure is found in the footnotes.

Synthesis of porous and nanostructured particles of CuO via a copper oxalate route

CuO have potential applications in various fields, such as gas sensors, solar energy and catalysis. With the aim of trying to obtain CuO with a high specific surface area, an oxalate precipitation route followed by thermal decomposition was studied. Four different copper salts (nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and acetate) were precipitated with sodium oxalate to form copper oxalate, before being decomposed at 275 °C into copper oxide. The different reagent salts all gave very high specific surface areas (> 70 m 2/g) with slight differences in the copper oxide morphology. The effect of the initial reagent concentration had a more significant effect on morphology and surface area; cushions were obtained at low concentrations (0.02 M), and spheres at high concentrations (0.10 M with surface areas < 20 m 2/g). Also the use of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) gave the expected cubic morphology previously shown due to specific adsorption of the polymer onto the growing crystal. The low specific surface area measured for samples synthesized at high concentration of reagent was related to a significant amount of a secondary phase Cu 2O obtained after thermal decomposition, attributed to local inhomogeneities in the precipitated oxalate due to increased precipitation kinetics at the higher concentrations. Finally a very small amount of copper carbonate could be identified by FTIR which did not affect the main powder characteristic (S BET), but helped validate the precipitation mechanism predicted by a previous thermodynamic study.

INFLUENCE OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHOLE WHEAT FLOUR DOUGH AND QUALITY OF PURI

ABSTRACTPuri is a traditional unleavened fried product prepared from whole wheat flour. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used to study its effect on rheological characteristics of whole wheat flour dough and puri making quality. Addition of HPMC at 0.5 and 1.0% w/w increased the water absorption and dough stability whereas the resistance to extension and extensibility decreased. Pasting temperature, peak viscosity and cold paste viscosity gradually decreased. The moisture and fat contents of puri increased marginally. Quality parameters and sensory acceptability were monitored after 0 and 8 h of storage. Addition of 0.5% HPMC gave higher sensory scores. Microscopic observations during puri processing showed that the starch granules in the control dough were clearly visible in the protein matrix, which reduced on frying due to partial gelatinization. Microstructure of puri with HPMC showed higher gelatinization of starch. It also helped in moisture retention and hence, resulted in highly pliable and soft‐textured puri.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Puri is a traditional unleavened fried product that is prepared by mixing whole wheat flour and water, sheeted to a desirable thickness and fried. Use of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) affected the whole wheat flour dough and puri making quality. It helped in moisture retention and hence, resulted in highly pliable and soft‐textured puri. Microstructure of puri with HPMC showed higher gelatinization of starch.

Use of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2% for removing adherent silicone oil from silicone intraocular lenses

Background/aims:To investigate the effect of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) on the physical interaction (contact angle) between silicone oil and a silicone intraocular lens (IOL).Methods:In vitro experiments were performed, to determine the effect...

Hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose is a safe and effective lifting agent for endoscopic mucosal resection of large colorectal polyps

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is today the treatment of choice for flat and sessile colorectal lesion, the only concern being completeness of resection. One of the major issues is the choice of the infiltrating substance to enable a long-lasting cushion under the lesion. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate safety and efficacy of hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC) injection for this purpose. All flat and sessile lesions of the colon and rectum larger than 20 mm and considered suitable for EMR were included. In all cases 0.8% HPMC solution was injected through a 23G needle, in quantity according to the endoscopist's indication. Primary endpoints of the study were: (1) ability to perform en bloc resection of the lesions by using this new injection means, (2) complete resection rate, and (3) early and late complication rate. We resected 27 flat, sessile, or laterally spreading lesions up to 60 mm (28 mm average). Mean dose of HPMC injected was 10.2 ml (range 8-40 ml). Median procedure time was 32 min (range 15-105 min). En bloc resection was achieved in up to 21 cases (78%). Histologically detected complete tumour removal was achieved in 23 lesions, whereas lateral margins could not be properly evaluated in 4 cases due to coagulation artefacts. No perforation was observed. Procedural spurting bleeding was managed by epinephrine injection in one case and clip application in the remaining. Two case of local recurrence of adenomatous tissue were observed at 3 and 12 months, and treated by EMR. No complication related to the use of HPMC was observed. Injection of HPMC for EMR resulted safe and effective, allowing en bloc resection in the majority of cases with a limited number of complications. Continued progress in the field will include more outcomes research and techniques simplification.