Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) can be used as raw material for Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC). HPMC can be used as a French fries coating to reduce oil uptake. This research aims to study the utilization of HPMC OPEFB as a French fries coating. This research consists of two stages. The first stage is cellulose extraction and HPMC synthesis. HPMC synthesis through alkalization, methylation, propylation, and neutralization. The second stage is the use of HPMC as a French fries coating with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). Potatoes that have been peeled and washed, cut lengthwise with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Further dipped in HPMC solution with different concentrations for 10 seconds, then carried out a frying pan. The HPMC from OPEFB is characterized by methyl and hydroxypropyl groups found at a wavenumber of 2891.30 cm-1, a ring of pyranose at 995.79 cm-1 and hydroxyls (OH) groups at 3371.10 cm-1. The coating of French fries with 3% HPMC OPEFB can reduce oil absorption by 16.09%. The higher the concentration of HPMC, will reduce the fat content but increase the moisture and the texture of French fries become softer. The preferred type of coating was HPMC 1%.
Highlights
Indonesia is currently the country with the largest area of oil palm land in the world
The purpose of this study is: (1) Studying cellulose extraction and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) synthesis cellulose empty fruit bunches, (2) Knowing the effect of french fries coating with HPMC EFB on the decrease in the amount of oil absorbed, moisture content, texture, and organoleptic preferences of french fries
Based on the function groups at the peak of the FTIR spectra, the compounds extracted from EFB are cellulose
Summary
Indonesia is currently the country with the largest area of oil palm land in the world. In 2019, oil palm plantations amounted to 14.6 million hectares, with CPO production reaching 48.42 million tons (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020). It causes waste produced from oil palm plantations (on-farm) and palm oil mills (off-farm) more and more. Palm oil plantation waste derived from the plantation includes palm oil stems and fronds produced at the opening of plantation areas, rejuvenation, and harvest of oil palm. Biomass waste from palm oil mills, including empty fruit bunch (EFB), fiber, and palm shells. EFB waste is one of the most abundant palm oil solid wastes produced in palm oil mills. The estimated amount of EFB waste in Indonesia produced in 2030, around 54 million tons of TKKS (Hambali & Rivai, 2017)
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