Hair Dye Use Research Articles

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing.

Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel’s Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.

Risk of Carcinogenicity Associated with Synthetic Hair Dyeing Formulations: A Biochemical View on Action Mechanisms, Genetic Variation and Prevention.

Article tries to visualize the potential for carcinogenic trigger in humans with a preference for oxidative synthetic of hair dyeing formulations, especially which belong to the category of permanent colours. According to the International Agency for Cancer, hair dyes for personal use are not strictly classified as carcinogen to humans. However, some controversy exists that requires clarification. Some epidemiological studies support the association between the risk of cancer development and personal use of hair dyes (pooled relative risk RR = 1.50. 95% CI: 1.30-1.98). The world-wide sale of hair dyeing cosmetics have exceeded 15 billion dollars by the year 2012 and has maintained an annual growth rate of 8-10%. This raises concerns and need to be addressed. The review article briefly discusses about the different hair dye components based on their chemical nature, permanence, interaction of dye components with different parts of the hair shaft, action mechanisms, health risk assessment, associated challenges and possible alternatives. There appears variability towards the pathological changes incurred in the human system upon the use of synthetic hair formulations. This probably appears due to the presence of interindividual genetic variation of enzymes handling these xenobiotics. The redox mechanism of major hair dye components appears to be involved in the carcinogenic trigger. Most of the hair dye constituents pose serious health issues. However, we do have few better alternatives to prevent the toxicity associated with hair dye constituents without compromising the need of today's fashion statement and expectations of the youth.

Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Krim Pewarna Rambut Dari Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.)

The use of natural hair dyes is a solution to the problem of synthetic hair dyes. one of the plants such as beetroot contains a lot of secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids which can provide specific dyes. The natural color found in beetroot can be used as a natural dye in cosmetics. To find out at what concentration the beetroot produces the most optimal quality physical color of the hair dye preparation. This research method was carried out including making beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) ethanol extract by maceration for 5 days with 95% ethanol solvent and continued remeseration with the same solvent. The extract formula used was 10%, 15%, and 20% physical evaluation carried out included organoleptic test, irritation test, pH test, homogeneity test, stability test for washing, stability test for sunlight. As a result of inspection of the three hair dye cream formulations, the formulations met the requirements of the test formulations. The results of the hair tack test showed that it gave a good color at a density of 20% time. In the color stability test of the wash after 15 shampoo washes, all three formulations have a fixed color up to 9 washes. Also, in terms of color stability to sunlight, after exposure to direct sunlight, the color appears to change slightly, making the hair darker than before. The result of the concentration of beetroot ethanol extract that gives the best color is a concentration of 20%.

The importance of addressing early life environmental exposures in cancer epidemiology.

Environmental exposures during early stages of life may be particularly relevant for cancer etiology because of the rapid hormonal and tissue changes that occur during puberty and, in women, through first birth. We review evidence from the past five years on environmental exposures during childhood/adolescence through first birth and the risk of breast and other cancers during adulthood. The studies of breast cancer (n=14) reported associations for childhood/adolescent environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), smoking initiation, pesticides, hair dye use, and living on a road with high traffic. Smoking before first childbirth was also associated with increased breast cancer risk. We identified 12 studies on other cancers, with only 1-2 studies per cancer type, with most focused on ETS or active smoking. Despite studies suggesting an important role of exposure to environmental factors during early life and cancer risk in adulthood, few studies have been conducted. Future studies could utilize stored biologic samples from relevant periods or complete residential histories for geographically-based exposures.

Clinical, epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of hair greying in Lagos, Nigeria.

To document the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, believed triggers and associated behaviour in hair greying. A community based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in February 2020 following ethical approval and written informed consent from participants. All participants were clinically evaluated for hair greying, its pattern and location on the scalp. Socio-demographic data were documented. Data was entered and analyzed using the IBM statistics software version 22. Numerical and categorical variables are presented. The study was conducted at an urban market in Lagos, Nigeria. The study participants comprised 307 adult traders. The mean age of the 307 participants studied was 42.7±12.8 years. The prevalence of hair greying was 47.6% (51% in males and 45.9% in females). The median (IQR) age of those with grey hair was 52 (44, 59) years. The prevalence of hair greying was 14.8% in those aged 30-34 years and 97.2% in those aged 60 years and above. The prevalence of premature greying was 17.7% and greying before friends and family members was reported at 19.9% and 13%, respectively. Grey hair was diffuse in 81.5%; localized to the frontal area of the scalp in 55.5%. Use of hair dye was noted in 15.8%. Hair greying is common in the study population. The age at onset is 30 years. Premature hair greying is uncommon in Nigeria. More epidemiological studies of hair greying especially of premature hair greying are needed. Funding for this study was provided by the L'Oreal African Hair & Skin Research Grant.

PERBANDINGAN PEWARNA ALAMI KUNYIT DAN HENNA TERHADAP HASIL PEWARNAAN RAMBUT

The results of the practice of dyeing hair using natural ingredients make hair not fall out easily, reducing hair damage due to the use of chemical hair dyes. This study aims to a) analyze the results of hair coloring using turmeric natural dyes, b) to analyze the effect of the results of hair coloring using artificial henna dyes and c) to analyze the comparison of the results of hair coloring using turmeric natural dyes and artificial henna dyes.This type of research is experiment. The population of this study was the 2016 Padang State University student with 2 samples and 7 panelists. The data collection technique was purposive sampling method. Descriptive data analysis techniques by displaying statistics and frequency. Bivariate analysis using independent sample-t-test with 95% confidence. Based on the results of the study, the use of natural turmeric dyes from the color aspect an average of 3.42 categories is very clear and the color absorption time aspect is an average of 4 categories 30 minutes In the use of artificial henna dyes, from the color aspect an average of 2.85 clear categories and an average color absorption time aspect of 2.57 categories 50 minutes and there was no difference in the effect of the results of hair coloring using turmeric natural dyes and artificial henna dyes. P value = 0.091 (p> 0.05). There are differences in the effect of the results of hair coloring using turmeric and artificial henna dyes. P value = 0.026 (p <0.05).The conclusion is that there is no difference in the effect of the results of hair coloring using natural turmeric dyes and artificial henna dyes and there are differences in the effects of hair coloring using turmeric natural dyes and artificial henna dyes and it is recommended for all makeup and beauty students who are undergoing lectures in order to produce results. This study is one of the references in using the natural color of turmeric in hair coloring practices.

“Gold Inlaid with Hair”: Permanent Fluorescent Hair Dyeing Using Fast Protein-Assisted Biomineralization of Gold Nanoclusters

Permanent fluorescent hair dyeing is one of the modern coloration modes to meet the increasing demands of personality and fashion statements. However, the limited durability and narrow Stokes shift of small molecule dyes hinder the permanent performance and distinguished use of fluorescent hair dyes from conventional hair coloration. Here, fluorescent metal nanomaterials, gold nanoclusters, have been utilized as hair dyes and embedded inside hair through a fast protein-assisted biomineralization approach under heating and alkaline conditions. Heat and alkalinity not only ensure that the scales of hair fully open and the dye precursor is deeply pervasive but also largely promote the reducibility of hair protein. The introduction of gold nanocluster bestows a broad range of new photophysical, much enhanced antistatic, mechanical, durable, and biocompatible properties to hair, largely improving the comfort experience and cosmetic performance.

Hair dye use and prostate cancer risk: A prospective analysis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort.

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, some hair dye chemicals are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic in humans. One hospital-based study reported a positive association between hair dye use and prostate cancer risk, but no prospective analyses have been conducted. This study investigated the association between hair dye use and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort, a large, well-characterized cohort of 29,133 male Finnish smokers. Participants completed questionnaires regarding lifestyle, medical, and risk factor information, including the use of hair dye, which was available for 98.8% of the cohort (28,795 men). Prostate cancer cases were identified through linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Finnish Mortality Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. During a 28-year period of observation, 2703 incident prostate cancer cases were diagnosed. As reported at the baseline, 75 men used hair dye, and 13 of these men were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. After adjustments for potential confounders, men who used hair dyes experienced substantially higher prostate cancer risk than men who did not (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.03-3.05). This first prospective investigation of hair dye use and prostate cancer suggests that personal hair dye use may be related to increased risk. The findings warrant re-examination in other prospective cohorts along with studies evaluating specific hair dyes and possible underlying biological mechanisms.

Environmental factors, medical and family history, and comorbidities associated with primary biliary cholangitis in Japan: a multicenter case-control study.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is considered to be caused by the interaction between genetic background and environmental triggers. Previous case-control studies have indicated the associations of environmental factors (tobacco smoking, a history of urinary tract infection, and hair dye) use with PBC. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter case-control study to identify the environmental factors associated with the development of PBC in Japan. From 21 participating centers in Japan, we prospectively enrolled 548 patients with PBC (male/female = 78/470, median age 66), and 548 age- and sex-matched controls. These participants completed a questionnaire comprising 121 items with respect to demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic features, lifestyle, medical/familial history, and reproductive history in female individuals. The association was determined using conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis. The identified factors were vault toilet at home in childhood [odds ratio (OR), 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-2.62], unpaved roads around the house in childhood (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.07-1.92), ever smoking (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.28-2.25), and hair dye use (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.15-2.14) in the model for lifestyle factors, and a history of any type of autoimmune disease (OR, 8.74; 95% CI, 3.99-19.13), a history of Cesarean section (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.077-0.53), and presence of PBC in first-degree relatives (OR, 21.1; 95% CI, 6.52-68.0) in the model for medical and familial factors. These results suggest that poor environmental hygiene in childhood (vault toilets and unpaved roads) and chronic exposure to chemicals (smoking and hair dye use) are likely to be risk factors for the development of PBC in Japan.

Association between Maternal Exposure to Chemicals during Pregnancy and the Risk of Foetal Death: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Scarce knowledge is available on the relationship between maternal chemical exposure during pregnancy and foetal deaths. We studied the association of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths with occupational or daily maternal exposure to chemicals commonly used by pregnant women. Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, were used. The participants of the study were asked about the frequency of their use of gasoline, pesticides, hair dye, and chlorine bleach during the first and the second to third trimesters of pregnancy. We investigated the relationship between the frequency of the use of chemicals and foetal death. Of the 104,065 foetuses, 923 (0.91%) were spontaneous abortions and 379 (0.37%) were stillbirths. Any type of exposure during the first trimester was not significantly associated with spontaneous abortions. Nevertheless, a more than weekly occupational use of hair dye from the first to the second/third trimester was significantly associated with stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that the frequent use of hair dye during pregnancy can have severe adverse effects on the foetus. These findings can help pregnant women, especially hairdressers, refrain from the continuous use of hair dyes.

Knowledge, practice and adverse reactions amongst Hair dye users - A cross sectional study

Introduction: Colour of hair is most conspicuous phenotype of human beings and plays an important role in one's overall physical beauty. Premature hair greying (PHG) has caused the increased use of various hair dyes in population though it has adverse effects. Aim- To assess knowledge, practice of hair dye users with purpose, frequency of use and adverse reactions if any on hair, scalp, skin. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants from PCMC region by interview method using a questionnaire (20 questions) specially prepared pertaining to use of hair dye and adverse reactions to it. Statistical Analysis-The demographic data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation, quantitative data expressed as percentages. Results: A total 98subjects including 75.5% and 24.5% females and males respectively. The participants started using hair dye at an age of 25 (±3.03) years. Herbal and Synthetic dyes were used by 36.74% and 63.27% respectively. Frequency of use in a year was 4-5 times in 58.16%. Adverse reactions of dye on body of hair like dryness46.94%, loss of hair 30.62%, change in texture and thinning were reported. 29.59% of subjects showed ill effects during dyeing of scalp while in 68.36% of subjects after the dyeing process was complete. Conclusion: Majority Population started hair dyeing at very early age using Chemical dyes even though they perceived herbal dyes were safe. They continued hair colouring despite adverse reactions, which indicates aesthetic importance of hair colour and need of research in the field of Ayurveda for developing safe, natural hair dye.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia - a review and a practical guide for clinicians.

Despite a significant increase in reported cases of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) in literature, discussion about the possible role of environmental factors, instruction for diagnosis and guideline for treatment, are limited. The review aims to provide a detailed synthesis of this condition that could be used by clinicians in their practise. Whether single-centre or multi-centre, studies of more than 60 cases less than 5 years old were mainly taken into consideration. Results obtained were that FFA affects mainly postmenopausal Caucasian women; the most common comorbidities are hyperlipidaemia, arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, depression, alongside dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis and androgenetic alopecia. Autoimmune, genetic, hormonal (e.g. estrogen deficiency, pregnancy, lactation, HRT and raloxifene) and environmental (e.g. daily use of facial sunscreens and less frequent use of hair dyes and shampoo) hypotheses were proposed for pathogenesis, as well as association with various predisposing factors (patient's health-social profile, disease's history and comorbidities). Clinical presentation of FFA can be divided into 3 specific patterns, each with a different prognosis. Diagnosis is usually made clinically with the use of trichoscopy; however, scalp biopsy remains the gold standard. The condition is regarded as a variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP) due to the similarity of the prominent histopathological findings, but the clinical image is distinct and therapeutic options vary. 5α-reductase inhibitors, intralesional steroids, and hydroxychloroquine provide the highest level of evidence for the treatment of FFA. The conclusion is that a better understanding of the disease is crucial for proper disease management.

Associations of hair dye and relaxer use with breast tumor clinicopathologic features: Findings from the Women’s circle of Health Study

BackgroundBuilding upon our earlier findings of significant associations between hair dye and relaxer use with increased breast cancer risk, we evaluated associations of select characteristics of use with breast tumor clinicopathology. MethodsUsing multivariable-adjusted models we examined the associations of interest in a case-only study of 2998 women with breast cancer, overall and stratified by race and estrogen receptor (ER) status, addressing multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction. ResultsCompared to salon application of permanent hair dye, home kit and combination application (both salon and home kit application) were associated with increased odds of poorly differentiated tumors in the overall sample. This association was consistent among Black (home kit: OR 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.21–5.00; combination: OR 2.46, 95 % CI: 1.21–5.00), but not White women, and among ER+ (home kit: OR 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.82–2.63; combination: OR 2.98, 95 % CI: 1.62–5.49) but not ER-cases. Combination application of relaxers was associated with increased odds of tumors >2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.23–2.69). Longer duration and earlier use of relaxers and combination application of permanent hair dyes and relaxers were associated with breast tumor features including higher tumor grade and larger tumor size, which often denote more aggressive phenotypes, although the findings did not maintain significance with Bonferroni correction. ConclusionsThese novel data support reported associations between hair dye and relaxer use with breast cancer, showing for the first time, associations with breast tumor clinicopathologic features. Improved hair product exposure measurement is essential for fully understanding the impact of these environmental exposure with breast cancer and to guide risk reduction strategies in the future.

Experimental and Bioinformatic Clues to the Potential Roles of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in Clinopathophysiology of Breast Cancer

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed single-stranded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play pivotal roles in development and progression of breast cancer (BC). Although the roles of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in some malignancies have been explored, their function and expression in breast tumors are still unknown. This study was aimed to bioinformatically and experimentally evaluates the expression and potential function of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in BC. Materials and Methods: The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to determine the expression of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in 50 tumor samples and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Besides, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify potentially important competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks that are regulated by these circRNAs using some databases and software tools. Results: The hsa_circ_0013958 was significantly down-regulated in breast tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues, while the hsa_circ_0003028 had an upregulated pattern. Interestingly, it is found the higher expression of hsa_circ_0013958 showed association with a lack of use of hair dye as well as age at menarche ≥14 years in subjects. On the other hand, hsa_circ_0003028 expression was meaningfully related to age at first full-term pregnancy, antiperspirants use, and regular menstruation. Next, we found that these two circRNAs can potentially regulate some circRNAs-mediated miRNA sponge regulatory networks. Conclusion: The current work indicated that the hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 had reverse expression patterns in breast tumors, and it seems that they play key roles in the physiopathology of this cancer through potential key regulatory ceRNA functions. However, further functional studies are needed to validate these bioinformatically observed roles. [GMJ.2021;10:e2064]

Experimental and Bioinformatic Clues to the Potential Roles of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in Clinopathophysiology of Breast Cancer

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed single-stranded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play pivotal roles in development and progression of breast cancer (BC). Although the roles of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in some malignancies have been explored, their function and expression in breast tumors are still unknown. This study was aimed to bioinformatically and experimentally evaluates the expression and potential function of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in BC. Materials and Methods: The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to determine the expression of hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 in 50 tumor samples and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Besides, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify potentially important competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks that are regulated by these circRNAs using some databases and software tools. Results: The hsa_circ_0013958 was significantly down-regulated in breast tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues, while the hsa_circ_0003028 had an upregulated pattern. Interestingly, it is found the higher expression of hsa_circ_0013958 showed association with a lack of use of hair dye as well as age at menarche ≥14 years in subjects. On the other hand, hsa_circ_0003028 expression was meaningfully related to age at first full-term pregnancy, antiperspirants use, and regular menstruation. Next, we found that these two circRNAs can potentially regulate some circRNAs-mediated miRNA sponge regulatory networks. Conclusion: The current work indicated that the hsa_circ_0013958 and hsa_circ_0003028 had reverse expression patterns in breast tumors, and it seems that they play key roles in the physiopathology of this cancer through potential key regulatory ceRNA functions. However, further functional studies are needed to validate these bioinformatically observed roles. [GMJ.2021;10:e2064]

Use of hair products in relation to ovarian cancer risk.

We evaluated whether hair products, which may contain carcinogens and endocrine disruptors that can be absorbed into the bloodstream, are related to ovarian cancer incidence in a prospective cohort. After excluding women with a history of ovarian cancer or bilateral oophorectomy, 40 559 Sister Study participants ages 35-74 at enrollment (2003-2009) were included. Participants completed questionnaires on hair product use, including hair dyes, straighteners/relaxers and permanents/body waves, in the past 12 months. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hair products and incident ovarian cancer. We assessed associations stratified by tumor type (serous, non-serous). Over a mean follow-up of 10 years, 241 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Ever use of any of the examined hair products during the past year was not associated with ovarian cancer risk. However, frequent use (>4 times/year) of straighteners/relaxers or pressing products in the past year was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.12-4.27). Ever use of permanent hair dye was positively associated with non-serous (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.12-3.37), but inversely associated with serous (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99) tumors (p-for-heterogeneity = 0.002). Our novel findings suggest that frequent use of hair straighteners/relaxers or pressing products, which are primarily used by African American/Black women, and possibly permanent hair dye, may be associated with the occurrence of ovarian cancers.

Association between gestational hair dye use and allergies at 3 years old: the Japan environment and Children's study

BackgroundHair dye use frequently induces allergic contact dermatitis, and on rare occasions induces immunoglobulin E-mediated immediate urticaria, anaphylaxis, and asthma. The effects of hair dye use during pregnancy on offspring have been studied for carcinogenicity, but not for development of allergies. This study aimed to assess the association between hair dye use during pregnancy and allergic disease in children at 3 years old. MethodsData of 77,303 participants from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which is a prospective birth cohort recruited from January 2011 to March 2014, were used. We examined the associations between using hair dye during pregnancy and allergic diseases (food allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis) in children after adjustment for covariates by multivariable logistic regression. ResultsAmong mothers who were exposed to hair dye during pregnancy, 50.0% were exposed in hair salons, 21.3% had home use, and 9.5% had occupational exposure. The percentages of doctor-diagnosed allergies at 3 years old were 6.3% for food allergies, 7.7% for asthma, 7.3% for atopic dermatitis, and 4.6% for allergic rhinitis. In univariable analyses, hair dye use at home and occupational exposure was significantly associated with asthma respectively (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24 for at home; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08–1.28 for occupational exposure). Hair dye use at home were significantly associated with doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis at 3 years old (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.22). After adjustment for covariates, these associations for asthma decreased and were no longer significant (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98–1.14 for at home; aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.20 for occupational exposure, p = 0.057), also for allergic rhinitis (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19). Doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis at 3 years old was significantly associated with hair dye use at home in the most frequent use group (aOR for quite often versus never 1.78, 95% CI 1.22–2.60). ConclusionBoth home and occupation use of hair dye during pregnancy showed a trend of increased odds of allergic rhinitis and asthma in offspring at 3 years. However, the only association that reached significance was in frequency of use analyses between the highest frequency of home hair dye users and allergic rhinitis.

Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria from indigo (Indigofera tinctoria) hair dye

Following the current trends of organic and vegan lifestyles, the use of vegetable-based hair dyes has increased in hair salons and among consumers at home. Previous reports have identified dyes including henna and cassia as causes of occupational diseases.1,2

Cancer Progress and Priorities: Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive cancer among women both globally and within the United States and the number one cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally ([1, 2][1]). Less than 1% of diagnosed breast cancers occur in men ([2][2]) and, therefore, male breast cancer is

Hair Product Use and Ovarian Cancer Risk

Abstract Purpose. We evaluated whether hair products, including many known to contain carcinogens and endocrine disrupting chemicals, are related to incident ovarian cancer in a large prospective cohort. Methods. After excluding women with a history of ovarian cancer or bilateral oophorectomy, 40,559 Sister Study participants were included. Participants were aged 35–74 and had a sister with breast cancer but no history of breast cancer themselves at enrollment in 2003–2009. Participants completed questionnaires on frequency of hair product use (including hair dyes, straighteners/relaxers and hair permanents/body waves) in the 12 months prior to enrollment. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for the association between hair product type and frequency of use in relation to incident ovarian cancer. We also assessed models stratified by tumor type (serous, non-serous). Results. After a mean of 10 years of follow-up, 241 women had self-reported an incident ovarian cancer diagnosis. Ever use of hair products in the past year (including permanent, semi-permanent and temporary hair dyes, straighteners/relaxers, and hair permanents/body waves) was not associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer. However, frequent use (&amp;gt;4 times) of straighteners/relaxers in the past year was positively associated with ovarian cancer (HR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.27–4.73). This association was stronger for non-serous (HR = 4.25, 95% CI: 1.07–16.9) compared to serous (HR = 1.38, 95% CI:0.47–4.04) ovarian cancers. Ever use of permanent hair dye was positively associated with non-serous (HR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.10–3.33), but inversely associated with serous (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.98) ovarian cancer (p-for-heterogeneity = 0.002). Conclusion. These results suggest that frequent use of hair straighteners/relaxers and possibly permanent hair dye may be positively associated with the occurrence of non-serous ovarian cancers.