Use Of Geological Information Research Articles

ДО ПИТАННЯ МЕТОДИКИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВАРТОСТІ ГЕОЛОГІЧНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ДЛЯ КОРИСТУВАННЯ

The corporate standard of the National Joint Stock Company Naftogaz of has been developed to determine the cost of the use of geological information created (purchased) by the Company at its own expense, which allows, in the case of providing information for use, to take into account the cost of works the result of which it was obtained, as well as the information type (primary, generalized, package of geological information), its level of wear, the cost of previous work, and in some cases, in some cases, the potential profit that can be obtained or the losses that can be avoided due to the use of geological information provided for use. Examples of calculations of the cost of various types of geological information for use are given Key words: geological study of oil and gas bearing subsoil, geological information, corporate standard

Geostatistical method for inferring RMR ahead of tunnel face excavation using dynamically exposed geological information

Rock Mass Rating (RMR) is a rock mass classification system that is often used to select appropriate excavation methods and rock support systems in tunnel projects. This paper presents a geostatistical method for inferring RMR values quantitatively ahead of excavation of the tunnel face. The study makes full use of geological information exposed on excavated tunnel faces to capture the spatial correlation of rock mass quality and later predicts the RMR value using the kriging method. Predictions are constantly updated during the tunnel construction process. The advantages of the proposed method are as follows: (1) The RMR prediction uncertainty is quantified by accounting for spatial variability and model uncertainty; therefore, the resulting prediction can consider the geological conditions of the worst scenario; (2) The spatial variability of the geological condition is represented as a variogram model that is updated by observation data on the new excavated faces, and as the tunnel advances, the RMR prediction accuracy improves; and (3) The periodicity of geological conditions can be considered in RMR prediction. The proposed method is applied to a rock tunneling project, the Mingtang tunnel in Anhui province, China. The method achieves approximately 80% prediction accuracy; therefore, it has high potential as a tool for predicting RMR information ahead of tunnel face excavation.

Integrated petrophysical and reservoir characterization workflow to enhance permeability and water saturation prediction

Accurate estimation of permeability is essential in reservoir characterization and in determining fluid flow in porous media which greatly assists optimize the production of a field. Some of the permeability prediction techniques such as Porosity-Permeability transforms and recently artificial intelligence and neural networks are encouraging but still show moderate to good match to core data. This could be due to limitation to homogenous media while the knowledge about geology and heterogeneity is indirectly related or absent. The use of geological information from core description as in Lithofacies which includes digenetic information show a link to permeability when categorized into rock types exposed to similar depositional environment.The objective of this paper is to develop a robust combined workflow integrating geology and petrophysics and wireline logs in an extremely heterogeneous carbonate reservoir to accurately predict permeability. Permeability prediction is carried out using pattern recognition algorithm called multi-resolution graph-based clustering (MRGC). We will bench mark the prediction results with hard data from core and well test analysis.As a result, we showed how much better improvements are achieved in the permeability prediction when geology is integrated within the analysis. Finally, we use the predicted permeability as an input parameter in J-function and correct for uncertainties in saturation calculation produced by wireline logs using the classical Archie equation. Eventually, high level of confidence in hydrocarbon volumes estimation is reached when robust permeability and saturation height functions are estimated in presence of important geological details that are petrophysically meaningful.

The interrelated use of geological information and other types of geoinformation in local governments

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the use of geoinformation in government decision‐making. Studies on the usability of geological information, which is one type of geoinformation, have however been scarce in the literature. A system built for an efficient organization may, therefore, not be catering to the needs of the individual user and understanding the perceived barriers to using geological information should be an important goal of geodata implementation. The objectives of this article are to: (1) investigate whether the analyses of user patterns are improved by considering an interrelated estimation with two types of geoinformation, and (2) explore whether there are gender differences in how peer advice affects the use of geoinformation. The data were collected in 2014 through a web survey, and the sample consisted of 390 women and 287 men working in Swedish municipalities. The results indicates a more accurate prediction pattern when a secondary geoinformation decision was included, thus suggesting that different types of geoinformation should be jointly analyzed. The officials tend to use both types of geoinformation, alluding to a demand for combined geoinformation products among the target population. Finally, there is evidence of women's decision to use geoinformation being affected by peer advice.

History of early isoseismal maps

The first scientific tools of earthquake investigations were provided by isoseismic maps. The present paper describes the formation and development of cartographic representation of macroseismic information. Study of old isoseismal maps is of importance in assessing the earthquake hazard. Unfortunately there are only few well documented events prior the epoch of instrumental seismology for which the earthquake parameters (i.e. magnitude, focal depth) and tectonic position can be estimated. In the same time important steps forward in development of seismology (e.g. use of time observations, seismic speed determinations, use of geological information, birth of engineering seismology) are connected with attempts of representation of macroseismic data on maps.

The use of geological information in the strategic planning of waste disposal in Merseyside

Abstract The search for new landfill facilities for the metropolitan county of Merseyside in the late 1970s began with the identification of over 1200 sites classified as derelict, despoiled or low-grade agricultural land, or coastal sites capable of reclamation. The first stage of selection eliminated more than 90 per cent of these sites on the grounds of size, proximity to housing etc., using fairly subjective judgements justified by the coarseness of the ‘sieve’. A more formalized system was used to assess the remaining 100 sites at the second stage, and among the criteria used were the geology and hydrogeology of each site, the degree of engineering required to protect ground and surface water resources, and the availability of on-site construction materials. These assessments had to be made on the basis of information already available. A certain amount of rudimentary information was available from Geological Survey maps and memoirs, but this had to be supplemented by time-consuming searches through the files of various authorities (and their various departments) for individual borehole records and site investigation summaries. Of the sites assessed, 24 were shortlisted for detailed investigation, as and when the need arises in particular areas. This case illustrates the need for published, strategic geological information to be sufficiently detailed and up to date, to allow comparisons of sites to be made at the desk-study stage of land-use projects, prior to physical investigations of favoured sites. This applies to minerals planning and other schemes as well as waste disposal. For most areas, the necessary information does exist, and so does the technology to make it easily accessible, but improvements are necessary to the legislative/financial framework within which geological information is collected.

Engineering Geology and the Planning Process: A Case Study of Hillslope Ordinance Development in Dallas, Texas

The White Rock Escarpment, a dominant physiographic feature of central Texas, can be traced for over 350 miles from south of San Antonio, Texas to north of Dallas, Texas. The escarpment is capped by the Cretaceous Austin Chalk Formation and underlain by the highly overconsolidated smectite clays of the Eagle Ford Shale. Development pressure along the escarpment in southwest Dallas prompted a detailed study of this landform by the Planning Department of the City of Dallas. Guidelines and subsequent ordinances for development along the escarpment were based on combined data from geology, soils, physiography, vegetation, and engineering analysis. A “no-build corridor” was adopted by the City Council eight years after initiation of the original study. This corridor parallels the chalk/shale contact and establishes set-backs from the crest and toe of the slope. Building within this zone necessitates a permit which requires detailed geotechnical evaluation, soil erosion control plans, grading plans, and vegetation clearance plans. Effective use of geologic information in the planning process involves education of the planning staff, developers, and city officials as to the relative tolerances of the natural system to the potential impacts of urbanization. As in the case of this study, examples of such impacts can be taken from other municipalities which have more extensive histories of development on the same toposequence; areas of similar geology, soils, and slope. The escarpment ordinance and accompanying research have been shown to produce cost savings to both the city and developers, as well as subsequent homeowners.

Practical use of geologic information by planners

A cooperative project to demonstrate the use of earth-science information in land-use planning was started by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Fairfax County, Virginia, Office of Comprehensive Planning in 1976. Environmental conditions related to planned-development housing in the Lehigh tract include unstable slopes, sand and gravel resources, flood-prone areas, vegetation, and artificial fill. Computer-composite mapping was used to analyze these conditions by combining maps of various land characteristics. This system may be used for review of development plans, long-range planning, and the production of “land capability” maps; it is particularly useful in single-site selection.

Smithsonian Institution, Peace Corps program seeks hydrogeologist, petrologist

The Smithsonian Institution, Peace Corps Environmental Program, is seeking a hydrogeologist and a petrologist to serve two‐year terms as volunteers in the Dominican Republic. Now in its fourth year, the program assists developing countries to obtain qualified personnel for environmental and natural resource assignments in a broad spectrum of scientific and technical fields.The Dominican Republic, which is revamping its collection, storage and use of geological information, has requested a hydrogeologist to produce and edit a series of geological maps of the country, to study the mineral and economic prospects of specified areas, to analyze potable waters for contamination, and to help in the formation of a National Geological Service.

Development of geological research in U.S.S.R Academy of Sciences and U.S.S.R. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Reserves

On October 12, 1962, a joint session of the Presidium of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and the Collegium of the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Reserves adopted a resolution “On the present state of the geological sciences in the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and the U. S. S. R. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Reserves and their prospects for the future.” Important contributions of Russian geologists are acknowledged, but attention is drawn to many shortcomings. Future goals of geological study and work are given in detail. Twenty-one lines of research to be concentrated on are given, covering all phases of geology, geophysics, and geochemistry. In discussing the failings of the geological profession in Russia, it is of interest to note the following comment: “Geological research in other countries is still insufficiently studied and applied, and we are not making adequate use of geologic information from abroad.” The list of the Russian geologists' shortcomings sounds vaguely familiar. —J. R. Hayes