Use Of Geoinformation Technologies Research Articles

Geospatial modeling for urban environmental assessment

Modern technologies contribute to the development of methods for analyzing and visualizing spatial information about the state of the environment, which expand the possibilities of urban environmental diagnostics. The article discusses some aspects of the use of geoinformation technologies, including 3D modeling in urban diagnostics. The main stages of a comprehensive analysis of the urban area for the purposes of urban ecodiagnostics are given. It is noted that geospatial modeling makes it possible to identify the main patterns of the processes of the spread of pollution throughout the city, which in turn can be used to plan its development in order to improve the comfort of the urban environment.

On the Possibility of Using Geoinformation Technologies to Study Economic Inequality (Based on the Materials of the Siberian Region of 1926-1927)

The article discusses the possibilities of using geoinformation technologies to study economic inequality. The methodology and technique of applying geospatial analysis in the study of wage inequality of employees of district cities of the Siberian Territory in 1926-1927 are shown. Statistical bulletins published in 1926-1929 in Novosibirsk were used as sources. Data were selected that characterize the salaries of employees of the district cities of Siberia for 8 quarters, covering almost 2 years – 1926 and 1927. During the development of GIS, a 1:3000000 scale map of the Siberian Region was digitized, on which there is a coordinate grid, the situation (hydrographic network and relief displayed by washing) and administrative division were plotted according to the zoning data of 1929. A series of maps was built reflecting the average salary level of employees in district cities, as well as the dynamics of wages based on quarterly statistics. The highest salary of employees is observed in Novosibirsk. It is noticeable that cities with low wages are concentrated in the south of Western Siberia. The growth rates of wages in cities show a greater variation than the average salary. The largest increase in wages is demonstrated by those cities in which its level was low or average. It can be stated that there are certain prospects in the use of geoinformation technologies to study economic inequality.

Разработка веб-ГИС «Отложения ордовикского периода северо-востока Горного Алтая»

At present, outcrops of Ordovician rocks in the territory of the Altai Mountains are being investigated. One of the methods of geological research is the use of geoinformation technologies. In free access for researchers, one can find only diagrams and maps without coordinate reference to the territory of the Altai Mountains. The article deals with the problem of the lack of free access to thematic digital maps for Altai researchers studying geology and paleontology of the Ordovician period. The results of the study of geological sections of Ordovician age are presented, the coordinates of outcrops of Ordo-vician rocks are obtained, and the lithology and taxonomic composition of faunal groups are de-scribed. For web-GIS, a cartographic basis was prepared, a database structure was developed, elements of thematic content have been plotted. A trial version of the NextGIS Web server geoinformation system was chosen as a software product for publishing the developed web-GIS.

Determination of geometric characteristics of explosive eruptions on agricultural lands using remote methods

The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine led to significant damage to the fertile soil layer in the temporarily occupied territories. Damage assessment for agricultural lands damaged by ravines requires determination of their geometric characteristics. There are two groups of methods for finding the area and volume of pits. The first group is contact geodetic research, which allows you to accurately determine the parameters of craters, but it is impossible to apply them due to the explosiveness of the territory and the large number of damaged areas. Other methods are related to the determination of geometric characteristics based on the data of remote sensing of the Earth (RS). They make it possible to quickly identify the location of explosive holes, but in wartime they are not fully available. Therefore, the complex use of remote sensing data and contact research will allow to quickly and safely determine the location and geometric characteristics of explosive craters.The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for determining the geometric characteristics of explosive craters due to the complex use of contact and remote geodetic data in the conditions of military operations. The main tasks of the research: analysis of existing methods for determining the geometric characteristics of explosive craters; determination of the relationship between the force of the explosion and the geometric characteristics of the eruption; development of a methodology for determining damage to the fertile layer of agricultural lands from military operations using Geoinformation technologies (GIS technologies); practical implementation of the developed methodology on the example of a test plot of agricultural land.The developed technique consists in the use of geo-information technologies and data of RS to determine the location and area of explosive craters. Based on the existing statistical relationships between the TNT equivalent of the explosion and the geometric characteristics, new functions of the relationship between the radius of the rupture and the volume, depth, and TNT equivalent of the explosion were obtained.Cartographic models of the distribution of craters by volume, the density of explosive craters and their distribution by radius were built in the ArcGIS geoinformation software.The constructed geomodels made it possible to assess the degree of damage to agricultural soils and to determine the most explosive areas. Based on the obtained data, it was established that there is no correlation between the density of the holes and their radius in the presence of holes larger than 25 m.Assessment of damage to agricultural land as a result of military operations in Ukraine requires the use of images from UAVs and satellites with ultra-high spatial resolution. In the future, it is necessary to check the adequacy of the developed methodology by field geodetic methods.

ОЦЕНКА ОПТИМАЛЬНОСТИ СЫРЬЕВЫХ ЗОН ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ЧЕРНОЙ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ РОССИИ В ОБЛАСТИ ЗАКУПОК МЕТАЛЛОЛОМА

The article discusses the features of the distribution of ferrous scrap between the main metallurgical enterprises of the Russian Federation. It is revealed that the current configuration of the actual raw material zones of metallurgical enterprises of the Russian Federation is due to the uneven nature of scrap sources and end users, the export orientation of regions and the established institutional structure of regional ferrous scrap markets in the post-Soviet period. Based on the use of geoinformation technologies, the optimal configuration of raw material zones of metallurgical enterprises in the field of procurement of ferrous scrap has been determined. To assess the optimality of raw material zones of enterprises, two methods are proposed in the work – cartographic and economic. As a result of a comparative analysis of the calculation results, it was revealed that the economic method best evaluates the optimality of raw material zones in connection with the best consideration of the features of territorial schemes for the movement of ferrous scrap between producers and end consumers. According to the economic method, the metallurgical enterprises of the Ural metallurgical base have a low degree of optimality of raw material zones and, as a result, large losses in financial terms, mainly due to the extremely high concentration of metallurgical enterprises, small/medium losses have enterprises in the north, center and east of the country, where the demand for raw materials is a limited number of enterprises remote from each other. In the final part of the article, recommendations are presented to increase the economic efficiency from optimizing the distribution and the use of ferrous scrap for individual economic agents and the economy as a whole.

Spatial and Temporal Shifts in the Demographic Development of China at the End of the 20th and the Beginning of the 21st Centuries

The article provides an economic and geographical analysis of the demographic processes in China, considering a set of natural and geographic factors, selected to reflect the influence of the state policy of family planning, as well as the policy for the development of separate regions in the period under study. The methodology included the use of geoinformation technologies, classification method and geographical systematization. Based on the identified spatial differences at the level of provinces, radical and previously absent spatial shifts in the demographic processes in China were established for the first time. They consist in the formation of positive and negative dynamics zones, as well as natural increase and natural decline zones. The demographic balance, for the first time calculated for the provinces of China, for 2010 and 2019, made it possible to indicate the dominance of provinces of a progressive type (53.0%) and a zone of provinces of a regressive type (8.8%). The established trend proves not only a differentiation, but also a spatial polarization at the national level and acts as a phenomenon of modern demographic development in China, in the 21st century. The results of the geographical systematization of the demographic space has practical significance as it provides the opportunity to use this methodology at the microgeographic level in other territories and serves as a scientific justification for the development of the directions of China’s regional demographic policy.

THE TYPIZATION OF THE SOIL COVER STRUCTURE BY GIS MEANS FOR EVALUATING THE PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

A geosystem approach to the analysis of the structure of the soil cover by soil combinations with the use of geoinformation technologies is considered. Within the boundaries of the soil-ecological zoning of Belarus, the identified types of land are considered as units of territorial planning in the areas of nature management. An agroecological assessment of the productive potential of soil and land resources of agricultural landscapes was carried out on the basis of the nomenclature of land types and the formula of soil combination. In the basic agricultural landscapes, on a typical spatial basis, the factors of differentiation of the structure of the soil cover and the conditions of land use are taken into account. Regularities of changes in the cost of production of the main types of agricultural products, depending on the territorial affiliation to one of the limited set of identified types of land, have been revealed. The prospects for the use of typified soil cover structures in land management and the practice of territorial planning of agricultural landscapes are described.

Use of geoinformation technologies in the analysis of the dynamics of potato production in the Republic of Crimea for the period from 2015 to 2019

The results of processing of dynamics of potato production in the territory of the Republic of Crimea for the period from 2015 to 2019 are presented in the article using the geographic information system ArcGIS 10.4, which allows to carry out the prompt collection and processing of large amounts of information in the information environment in order to solve the problems of monitoring and assessment of the state of land. It has been established that potato production is distributed extremely unevenly on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The largest potato production is typical for the Dzhankoi, Simferopol and Belogorsk regions. In general, from 2015 to 2019. potato production at the territory of the Republic of Crimea has decreased by 34%. A cluster analysis has been performed using the STATISTICA 10 and ArcGIS 10.4 software packages and the administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Crimea have been grouped into 7 clusters of the same type.

VECTORIZATION OF MAPS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LOGISTICS WITH HELP OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the traditional sphere of application of Geoinformation systems – logistics and use of Geoinformation technologies in the process of preparation of future logisticians on the basis of the offered technique of carrying out laboratory employment with use of vectorization of a rural settlement map. It is claimed that Geoinformation technologies allow to present statistical information on maps and provide tools for processing spatial statistical information with taking into account its qualitative and quantitative properties.
 The reasons of efficiency of the mechanism of the decision of a logistic problem are defined, some widespread ways of optimization of logistic activity on the basis of the geographical approach are considered and the directions of its optimization are established. The main professionally necessary tasks that represent a valuable part of cartographic literacy of future professionals in the field of logistics are highlighted. Due to the priority of development and detailing the maps of urban settlements, there is a decrease in attention to rural and remoted areas, which, to some extent, creates some inconvenience in designing transport routes to the necessary points of location. The sequence of laboratory work on vectorization of the selected part of the map of the rural settlement is offered. Comparing it with the modes "Satellite" and "Map" and adhering to the selected fixed scale, additional graphic prompts are applied. This work is performed in the training of specialists in the specialty 015.38 Professional Education (Transport) at Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical

Methodology of Application of Modern Technologies in Land Inventory of Territorial Communities

The article defines that the land inventory allows to form land plots of state and communal property, to fill the State Land Cadastre with information about objects and subjects of land relations and to eliminate existing errors. The aim of the article is to improve the procedure of conducting the land inventory in Ukraine, taking into account modern technologies within the current regulatory framework. The methodology of land inventory using modern technologies has been developed, which includes the following components: surveying of the inventory object, topographic and geodetic works, vectorization of its territory using remote sensing data, project works, creation of a consolidated inventory plan, development of technical documentation, its state expertise, adjustment and approval, entering data into the State Land Cadastre. It is established that an effective method of implementation of topographic and geodetic works during updating of the cartographic materials is a combined method, which includes the use of aerial images with simultaneous geodetic surveying of complex areas. The use of geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data is allowed to optimize the duration and frequency of land inventory. In particular, the classification of land should be performed in the attribute tables. Ways to solve problems of protection and rational use of the lands of the inventory object have been developed. They include registration of land plots without cadastral numbers; control of compliance of land and environmental legislation, taking into account the results of land inventory for updating statistical cadastral information and making changes of the State Land Cadastre data.

ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The process of studying urban planning implies the involvement of land use and land surface studies. They are largely necessary on a range of topics and issues. Sustainable development depends on con-trolling the effects of change. GIS can achieve this through its various capabilities, which can be used by urban planners and decision makers. GIS can operate as a tool and as a system, or even as a group of systems that work simultaneously or sequentially. GIS is one of the most important applica-tions of urban planning. This study is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of geoinformation tech-nologies in urban planning. The problems of limiting the use of GIS in urban planning are identified. The main types of GIS in urban planning, which are database management, visualization, spatial analysis and spatial modeling, as well as the most commonly used functions (interpolation, map over-lay, buffering and connectivity measurement) and options for their use depending on different tasks and stages of urban development, as well as the advantages of raster and vector data. The article also reflects the emergence and development of spatial decision support system (SDSS) and planning sup-port system (PSS) in urban planning. The role of GIS in the analysis of spatial planning is formulated.

Опыт использования информационных ресурсов в преподавании темы «Население мира» в курсе географии 10–11-х классов

The article considers the main elements of the emerging information and educational environment. The reasons for the decline in the attractiveness of geography among schoolchildren are determined. Various approaches to the organization of remote classes with the use of a computer and the use of geoinformation technologies are proposed. As an alternative source of geographical information, images of the Earth from space are presented, made both for the world as a whole, and for individual regions and countries. The authors offer options for tasks using information resources in the context of distance learning of geography in grades 10-11. The techniques of using photos of the world's regions making from space, online statistics on the topics "World population" and "World Regions" are considered. The main types of activities and planned results when working with these resources are analyzed. Information about the use of online population counters in real time is of great interest. Such variants of tasks make it possible to simultaneously analyze natural and socio-economic processes, forming a higher level of spatial thinking.

DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS OBJECTS BY MEANS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The article deals with the current problem of solid waste disposal. Also the use of geoinformation technologies in the design of environmentally hazardous facilities. The sequence of actions in case of reconstruction of a land plot for the construction of a solid waste landfill is described in detail. It shows how you can use geographic information systems to speed up and better accomplish the task. The convenience of using geographic information systems when planning such tasks is obvious. It is advisable to use geographic information systems when planning environmentally hazardous facilities. This is due to the complex nature of the problem. This requires the involvement of additional spatial data. It is the geographic information system that will allow the use of all data in the complex based on the principle of their spatial position. You can also use data models to support the creation, validation, and correction of information. In a geographic information system, you can create a geodatabase. This will create a 3D model of a solid waste landfill. The 3D model allows you to better represent the terrain. Creation of a triangulation network will allow to correlate all layers created in the geodatabase. The triangulation network is created from 3D terrain points. It allows you to get a three-dimensional model of a high-altitude polygon. This provides many possibilities in the future. It will be possible to interpret 3D models with high-precision engineering systems. This allows you to carry out any geometric measurements, build sections and profiles, as well as monitor activities at the solid waste landfill. Based on these data, it is possible to measure the volumes of household waste, areas, the height of the landfill in terms of the height of the actual relief and the level of groundwater, the altitude characteristics of the landfill and slopes to compare them with the standard indicators. The three-dimensional model will make it possible to identify inconsistencies between the actual boundaries of the polygon with the cadastral boundaries of the site allocated for these purposes. With the help of geographic information systems, simplicity, speed and clarity in the formation of conclusions and decision-making will be provided.

Use of Water Resources for Irrigation in the Southern Regions of Russia

To substantiate potential sources of water resources, an integrated approach has been developed, including agroclimatic, hydrological and hydrogeological studies, analysis of the dynamics of the population of the regions and the prospects for the development of agriculture, the use of geoinformation technologies. The conditions for the formation of surface and ground waters were studied, taking into account climate change, as well as anthropogenic impact on water resources. The forecast of the dynamics of water consumption in agriculture on the basis of the development of irrigation of agricultural lands for crop yields increase has been developed. On the basis of the studies performed, sources of additional water resources for the development of irrigation in the south of the European Russia have been identified. A digital and geoinformation database has been developed for visualization of the results of zoning and providing of analytical reports on the use of surface and groundwater for irrigation and agricultural water supply to the public.

Potential for the regional energy supply system optimization through recycling waste into energy

The use of renewable energy sources is becoming a general trend for optimizing energy supply and achieving low-carbon development goals in various regions of the world. In Russia, in connection with the introduction and implementation of government support measures for solar, wind, bioenergy, starting in 2013, a large-scale introduction of energy-generating facilities began. This factor, as well as the need to solve the problem of recycling waste from the municipal sector, agriculture and forestry, makes it necessary to use local renewable energy resources, including waste. This approach helps to optimize the regional energy system, even if they are grid connected. The paper discusses the methods and potential for optimizing energy supply in the regions of southern Russia, which has a high population density, a significant deficit in energy balance, and problems in the field of solid waste processing. The basis for this work is the use of municipal sector waste as an energy resource, with an assessment of the economic and environmental efficiency of this process. The use of geoinformation technologies provides a spatial analysis of the resource potential, a comparative analysis of the distribution of energy production and consumption within the region, as well as helps to assess the availability of territories for the optimal placement of solid municipal waste processing facilities.

Office decryption for detection of degradation processes on agricultural lands used in land use planning

Currently, the use of geoinformation technologies to identify and detect negative processes in arable fields is mandatory, since the development of water erosion on agricultural lands in several regions of the country is the greatest danger. This study illustrates how the operational information obtained from space imagery allows the identification of erosion areas in agricultural farming systems.

Оценка качественных и количественных характеристик состояния лесополос Новоалександровского городского округа Ставропольского края с использованием геоинформационных технологий

The article analyzes the possibility of evaluating the current state of forest protection plant in the Stavropol Territory based on remote sensing data. With the help of photogrammetric and kartometric methods, space snapshots are analyzed for the model territory of the Stavropol Territory (Novoaleksandrovsky City District). The use of geo-information technologies allowed us using a cartographic method to estimate the current state of forest belt and determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In the process of digitizing and decrypting, forest belts were divided into categories by destruction. In total, 2524 forest belts with a total area of 10.95 thousand hectares were allocated during the work. As a result, it was possible to assess the qualitative state of the forest belt of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district and reveal that entire and slightly destroyed protective forest belts are greater than in quantitative terms and in the area they occupy. Further, in the process of the study, the quantitative characteristics of the forest belt were established—the area was determined, and the length and width of all protective forest plantations of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district was determined and entered into an attribute table. It has been established that the width of most of the protective forest belt (1281 pcs) in the area of the study is from 20 to 30 meters, and 1001 forest belts have a width of more than 30 m. The most common length of forest belt is less than 500 m. (1034 pcs.) and 500–1000 meters (680 pcs.). Square characteristics of protective forest plantations are much more inhomogeneous—so, completely scaffolding was revealed 247 pcs., With a total area of 1058 hectares. Slightly destroyed forest belt 1623 pcs. and their area are 7395 hectares. Significantly destroyed forest belt 41 pcs., with an area of 1734 hectares and fully destroyed—44 pcs., with an area of 213.8 hectares. The proposed research methodology and evaluation of protective forest plantations can be used for other territories of the Stavropol Territory for a more complete study of the state of the region of the region.

ГИС-анализ региональных особенностей воспроизводства населения Калужской области

Since the 1990s with the increase in the role of migration in the formation of the population in the post-Soviet space in the Kaluga region, as in other regions of Russia, the tendencies of population reproduction and its regional features have changed somewhat. There are many ways to analyze demographic processes. The advantage of the cartographic method is in the visual display of the characteristics of the objects of the territory in terms of space and time. With the use of geoinformation technologies, geographic information systems (GIS), in particular, it is worth talking about the improvement of the cartographic method and the formation of the geoinformation method in geography, new or previous methods and methods of cartography have appeared or have been updated, the study of demographic processes for the user of geoinformation systems proceeds more efficiently and quickly. In research were used descriptive-analytical, comparative, cartographic, geoinformation, centrographic methods. GIS analysis was carried out on the basis of the free cross-platform geographic information system QGIS (Quantum GIS). A unified technique for GIS analysis of the region’s demographic processes is being developed on the basis of methods and techniques of geoinformation modeling and mapping. For visualization and subsequent creation of maps, a number of methods and methods are used, including: typological, method of cartographic anamorphic images, method of qualitative and quantitative background, methods of areas, cartodiagrams, ranges of values, method of movement of arrows, etc. For geomodeling of the population reproduction in the Kaluga region, we have chosen 1989–2020. as covering the main trends of population reproduction in the post-Soviet period. As a result, we examined the demographic processes of the Kaluga region, namely, the regional features of the process of population reproduction in the region in the post-Soviet period and the role of migration as a factor in the formation of the population at this stage, the change in the settlement system within the region. The geodatabase “Demographic indicators of population reproduction in the Kaluga region” created for the analysis of regional features of the transformation of population reproduction, formed on the basis of custom sets of layers of spatial and semantic data of the districts of the Kaluga region, and built cartographic models.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ ПОЧВЕННО-АГРОХИМИЧЕСКОМ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИИ ЗЕМЕЛЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

Work on the introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex of the Omsk region has been carried out since 2017. At the moment, information on the state of agricultural land in all 32 municipal districts has been digitized. The work uses both data obtained from civil satellites of various spatial resolution, and unmanned aerial vehicles of various classes. This article will consider various examples of the use of geoinformation technologies in agriculture.

Картографирование характеристик изменения климата в Ставропольском крае

Currently, there is dynamic global climate change, as evidenced by the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). For many agricultural regions, including the South of Russia, such changes increase the already high natural and climatic risks. The Stavropol Territory, like most other regions of Russia, has insufficient coverage of the territory with a network of meteorological stations, in connection with which it becomes necessary to use modern GIS technologies for analyzing spatial data. In this work, the interpolation method “Natural Neighbor” was used to analyze climate data. The use of geoinformation technologies made it possible to identify regional features of climate change throughout the Stavropol Territory over the past 60 years (1961–2020). In the region, there has been an increase in the average annual air temperature over the past 30 years by 0.9°C, while maintaining the current growth rate by 2050, the average annual temperature may increase by another 0.6°C. The intraannual heterogeneity of the temperature increase was revealed, so in January, February, March and August it ranges from +1.8 to +2.0°C, in October to +1.6°C, and for the rest of the months the increase does not exceed 1°C, and only in November, the temperature drops to -0.6°C. One of the main limiting factors of the efficiency of crop production is the moisture supply of the territory. Analysis of the deviations of the annual precipitation amount in the Stavropol Territory does not allow us to reveal a reliable trend in their change, since there are significant fluctuations over the years, which can lead to the occurrence of unfavorable arid phenomena. It was found that for the period 1961–2020. droughts of various durations occur annually. At the same time, there is a likelihood of extremely unfavorable 5-month droughts, which can provoke a whole range of adverse events, such as dry winds and dust storms. On the basis of geoinformation technologies, a series of maps was created that describes the climatic conditions of the period 1991–2020, which is a new climatic norm for the territory of the Stavropol Territory.