Use Of Genomic Technologies Research Articles

International Legal Approaches to the Issue of Admissibility of the Use of Genomic Technologies in Medicine

The purpose of the paper is to determine the main international standards and positions of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations regarding the use of genomic technologies in medicine, which are reflected in their documents. At the universal level, there is no international treaty containing uniform rules in this area, but there are many documents of international organizations (such as WHO, UNESCO) that set out the relevant standards. At the regional level, the experience of the Council of Europe in the field of legal regulation of genomic medicine plays a significant role. National approaches to the legal regulation of genomic medicine vary. In such conditions, the practice of international non-governmental organizations in the field of biomedicine and genetic technologies plays a significant role. They set standards and represent the positions of the biomedical community.Based on the analysis of international acts, it can be concluded that the general position of the international biomedical community is that genome editing technologies can be widely used for therapeutic and scientific purposes, provided that there is no criterion for transmitting genes to descendants. Genome editing should be carried out in accordance with international professional and ethical standards, including the principles of benefit over harm and informed consent. Discussions about the admissibility of hereditary genome editing continue. The prevailing approach of international organizations is that there are currently no reasonable standards for the safety and effectiveness of this technology, while research itself is encouraged.

Revisiting the current and emerging concepts of postharvest fresh fruit and vegetable pathology for next-generation antifungal technologies.

Fungal infections of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) can lead to safety problems, including consumer poisoning by mycotoxins. Various strategies exist to control fungal infections of FFVs, but their effectiveness and sustainability are limited. Recently, new concepts based on the microbiome and pathobiome have emerged and offer a more holistic perspective for advancing postharvest pathogen control techniques. Understanding the role of the microbiome in FFV infections is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This review examines current and emerging approaches to postharvest pathology. It reviews what is known about the initiation and development of infections in FFVs. As a promising concept, the pathobiome offers new insights into the basic mechanisms of microbial infections in FFVs. The underlying mechanisms uncovered by the pathobiome are being used to develop more relevant global antifungal strategies. This review will also focus on new technologies developed to target the microbiome and members of the pathobiome to control infections in FFVs and improve safety by limiting mycotoxin contamination. Specifically, this review stresses emerging technologies related to FFVs that are relevant for modifying the interaction between FFVs and the microbiome and include the use of microbial consortia, the use of genomic technology to manipulate host and microbial community genes, and the use of databases, deep learning, and artificial intelligence to identify pathobiome markers. Other approaches include programming the behavior of FFVs using synthetic biology, modifying the microbiome using sRNA technology, phages, quorum sensing, and quorum quenching strategies. Rapid adoption and commercialization of these technologies are recommended to further improve the overall safety of FFVs.

Competencies of the UK nursing and midwifery workforce to mainstream genomics in the National Health Service: the ongoing gap between perceived importance and confidence in genomics.

The United Kingdom is recognised worldwide as a leader in genomics. The use of genomic technologies in the National Health Service (NHS) is expected to deliver faster and more accurate diagnoses, supporting personalized treatments to improve patient outcomes. The ambition of embedding genomic medicine in the diagnostic pathway requires involvement of the front-line clinical workforce, known as 'mainstreaming'. Nurses and midwives are the largest professionally qualified workforce in the National Health Service thus, it is anticipated that they will play key roles in mainstreaming. This study investigated the level of competence/confidence of practicing nurses and midwives to support mainstreaming and their perception of the importance of genomics in delivery of patient care. A literature review of genetics/genomics competency frameworks, semi structured interviews of lead nurses and stakeholders were conducted to identify relevant competencies needed for mainstreaming. These were then used to survey four cohorts of nurses (n = 153) across England in four consecutive years (2019-22). The confidence level of these professionals in all aspects of genomics was 2.07 ± 0.47 measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1"Low confidence"; 5 "High confidence"). Intriguingly, these professionals all appreciated the importance of genomics for their patient care (4.01 ± 0.06). Whilst the importance scores increased, the confidence scores declined at the time when major genomic transformation took place in the NHS (e.g.: launch of the Genomic Medicine Service, the National Genomic Test Directory). To bridge this gap, relevant genomic education can play key roles. However, nurses and midwives were found to be grossly underrepresented in formal genomic education courses offered by Health Education England Genomics Education Programme since 2014. This may result from the lack of direct applicability of the currently offered courses for their practice and role. Thematic analysis revealed that nurses and midwives wish to support their patients by providing more information on their condition, inheritance, and treatment options in combination with the use of relevant genetic counselling skills. This study identified easy to follow competencies for embedding genomics into routine clinical care. We propose a training programme that addresses the gap that nurses and midwives currently have, to enable them to harness genomic opportunities for patients and services.

Comprehensive genetic characteristics of multiple primary lung cancer in patients in China.

e20597 Background: With the development of molecular biology and next-generation sequencing (NGS), researchers have been exploring the use of genomic technologies for the classification of lung cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic characteristics of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) to facilitate precise diagnosis and therapy by NGS. Methods: A total of 271 lesions from 92 patients with MPLC (225 lesions) and 20 intrapulmonary metastasis (IM, 46 lesions) which were diagnosed by American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines, were sequenced by Acornmed panel with 808 cancer-related genes. Results: The most frequent mutation in 225 lesions was EGFR (46.7%), followed by RBM10 (19.6%), BRAF (16.4%) and KRAS (15.1%) among MPLC while IM lesions showed high TP53 (63.0%) mutation frequency. Further analysis showed that MPLC patients had higher proportion of private mutations, and lower proportion of shared mutations and branch shared mutations than IM (p < 0.0001). In our cohort, 95.7% (88/92) of MPLC patients had at least one driver alteration, and EGFR and KRAS comprised 57.4% and 18.0% of 183 driver mutations, respectively. Further analysis showed that only 19.6% (18/92) of MPLC shared the same driver mutation in each patient and 61.1% (11/18) of co-driver mutation was EGFR L858R which was commonly detected in lung cancer. In contrast, 95.0% (19/20) of IM shared the same driver mutation in each patient. MPLCs were associated with a high frequency of T > C transitions (p < 0.001), while T > G transversions (p < 0.001) were more frequent in tumors from IM. MPLC had significantly higher intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) (17.1 vs 4.05, p < 0.001) and lower weighted-genomic integrity index (wGII) than IM (0.01638 vs 0.18321, p < 0.001). Besides, MPLC had lower percentage of clonal mutations (p < 0.001) than IM. However, IM had higher arm-level somatic copy number variations fraction (p < 0.001) than MPLC. Conclusions: Our analysis reveals that patients with MPLC have distinct molecular characteristics different from IM, which may increase the understanding of MPLC. In addition, the molecular features of MPLC may provide new opportunities to distinguish MPLC from IM by broad panel NGS.

Heritage genetics for adaptation to marginal soils in barley.

Future crops need to be sustainable in the face of climate change. Modern barley varieties have been bred for high productivity and quality; however, they have suffered considerable genetic erosion, losing crucial genetic diversity. This renders modern cultivars vulnerable to climate change and stressful environments. We highlight the potential to tailor crops to a specific environment by utilising diversity inherent in an adapted landrace population. Tapping into natural biodiversity, while incorporating information about local environmental and climatic conditions, allows targeting of key traits and genotypes, enabling crop production in marginal soils. We outline future directions for the utilisation of genetic resources maintained in landrace collections to support sustainable agriculture through germplasm development via the use of genomics technologies and big data.

The road ahead: narratives and imaginaries of the value of biodiversity in shaping bioeconomy policy in Colombia

ABSTRACT In Colombia, the country’s biodiversity has been put at the heart of its bioeconomy policies. STS scholars have analyzed bioeconomy as the generation, commodification, and sale of ownership and biological material. Nonetheless, little attention has been given to bioprospecting initiatives in developing countries, let alone the incorporation of bioprospecting in bioeconomy policy. Further, the role of narratives about the value of the biological in supporting nation-building, or the relationship between nature, state, and its citizens, remain understudied. Based on interviews and fieldwork in policymaking committees, I argue that assumptions about biodiversity’s value and its valorization are supported by the use of genomic technologies; this allows further processes of value creation to remain uninterrogated. The need for Colombia to aspire to better futures accounts for the stability of assumptions about biodiversity’s value in recent decades. The right political climate has generated momentum for biological expeditions of Colombia’s territory and the rethinking of the social compact, in a country seeking to heal the wounds of an internal conflict with armed guerrillas – to become a more diverse and cohesive society. Ultimately, knowledge of biodiversity embeds assumptions of what nature is for, supporting a sociotechnical imaginary of how the country should be.

Experiences of Families Caring for Children with Newborn Screening-Related Conditions: Implications for the Expansion of Genomics in Population-Based Neonatal Public Health Programs.

With the expansion of newborn screening conditions globally and the increased use of genomic technologies for early detection, there is a need for ethically nuanced policies to guide the future integration of ever-more comprehensive genomics into population-based newborn screening programs. In the current paper, we consider the lived experiences of 169 family caregivers caring for 77 children with NBS-related conditions to identify lessons learned that can inform policy and practice related to population-based newborn screening using genomic technologies. Based on caregiver narratives obtained through in-depth interviews, we identify themes characterizing these families’ diagnostic odyssey continuum, which fall within two domains: (1) medical management implications of a child diagnosed with an NBS-related condition and (2) psychological implications of a child diagnosed with an NBS-related condition. For Domain 1, family caregivers’ experiences point to the need for educational resources for both health care professionals that serve children with NBS-related conditions and their families; empowerment programs for family caregivers; training for providers in patient-centered communication; and access to multi-disciplinary specialists. For Domain 2, caregivers’ experiences suggest a need for access to continuous, long-term counseling resources; patient navigator resources; and peer support programs. These lessons learned can inform policy recommendations for the benefit of the child, the family, the healthcare system, and society.

Conceptual Approaches to the Legal Regulation of Genomic Researches and Their Use in the Russian Federation

This article concentrates on the problem of legislative regulation of public relations on genomic researches and the use of genomic technologies in the Russian Federation. Genomic technologies generate many ethical, social, and cultural issues for modern Russian society and bear significant risks for human rights and freedoms. Further, it presents threats to the preservation of human nature not only for existing, but also for future, generations of Russian citizens. For the protection of these values, it is necessary to create a regulatory system for genomic researches and genomic technologies in the Russian Federation.
 The regulatory system in this sphere should be constructed on three levels: the international, national, and self-regulatory levels. The authors concludes that there are no fundamental contradictions between international legal acts and the Russian legislation on human rights protection in the context of genomic research. These circumstances make it possible to join the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being relating to the Application of Biology and Medicine of 1997.
 The article analyzes the current system of legislative regulation on of relevant issues in federal legislation and considers its further development. According to the authors, primary main models of the development of legislation in this area in Russia should be considered: the traditional model, developed based on a quantitative increase in norms in various branches of law; and the complex model, based on a single comprehensive legal act, which sets out the tasks, principles, and general approaches to the regulation of single institutions relating to genomic researches and their use. The article describes the positive and negative consequences of adopting each particular model for the development of genomics in the Russian Federation

Potential threats to the use of genetic technologies and legal ways to resolve them

The object of the study is public relations in the field of the use of genetic technologies and their impact on human and civil rights and freedoms, ensuring the security of society and the state. The subject of the study is the provisions of international law, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field under consideration, the norms of Russian and international law in the field of criminal law protection of relations that may be jeopardized by the use of genomic technologies. The authors draw attention to the fact that the existing legal system does not fully solve the tasks of ensuring the security of human and civil rights and freedoms, society, the state, environmental protection from dangerous encroachments using advances in the field of genetics. The results of the study are based on formal logical and general scientific methods of scientific cognition, a systematic approach. In addition, private scientific methods: formal legal, comparative legal method of legal interpretation. The main conclusions of the study are the following provisions. Potential threats that pose a danger to human life and health, ensuring the safety of society and the environment have been identified. Potential risks may arise in the field of human genetic research, genome editing technologies of various organisms, illegal collection and use of genetic information about a person, the threat of the development and use of genetic weapons as a type of biological weapon, in the field of regulating the activities of DNA laboratories, the use of genetic material for cloning and the use of human embryonic material. As a solution, it is proposed to use the positive foreign experience indicated in the work, the ideas of domestic authors and also the author's proposals for improving the legal regulation of the sphere in question. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that actual and potential risks are identified that pose a serious danger not only to individuals, but also to society as a whole. Legal solutions for their elimination are proposed.

Public Perceptions Regarding Genomic Technologies Applied to Breeding Farm Animals: A Qualitative Study.

The societal acceptability of different applications of genomic technologies to animal production systems will determine whether their innovation trajectories will reach the commercialisation stage. Importantly, technological implementation and commercialisation trajectories, regulation, and policy development need to take account of public priorities and attitudes. More effective co-production practices will ensure the application of genomic technologies to animals aligns with public priorities and are acceptable to society. Consumer rejection of, and limited demand for, animal products developed using novel genomic technologies will determine whether they are integration into the food system. However, little is known about whether genomic technologies that accelerate breeding but do not introduce cross-species genetic changes are more acceptable to consumers than those that do. Five focus groups, held in the north east of England, were used to explore the perceptions of, and attitudes towards, the use of genomic technologies in breeding farm animals for the human food supply chain. Overall, study participants were more positive towards genomic technologies applied to promote animal welfare (e.g., improved disease resistance), environmental sustainability, and human health. Animal “disenhancement” was viewed negatively and increased food production alone was not perceived as a potential benefit. In comparison to gene editing, research participants were most negative about genetic modification and the application of gene drives, independent of the benefits delivered.

Legal regulation paradigms for the human genome researches and developments and their practical use in Russia and abroad. Part I

This article is devoted to the study of main directions in which the relations in the field of the human genome already exist (and have partial legal support) and require their own legal regulation. These directions stand in the form of several paradigms of legal regulation of the relations arising from the use of genomic technologies; these are consumer (social), medical and forensic (forensic) paradigms. In addition, the presented article sets the task to assess the current Russian legislation for its compliance with modern achievements in the field of the human genome and the prospects for its improvement based on the best foreign and international experience.

Концептуальные основы защиты субъективных гражданских прав в сфере репрогенетики

Introduction: the paper deals with the problem of civil rights protection when using genomic technologies in the field of artificial human reproduction. Breakthrough advances in medical and biological science set the state an important task of developing an effective system of legal guarantees aimed at ensuring a fair balance of interests of the parties to the relevant relationship and third parties, protecting the rights and interests of an individual, preventing human biotechnological engineering for the purposes of eugenic practice, etc. According to the author, special attention should be paid to the problem of protecting the rights of the child when using genomic technologies, including preimplantation genetic testing. Purpose: to solve the problem of developing the conceptual foundations of civil rights protection under civil law when using genomic technologies in the field of artificial human reproduction, which involves researching the grounds and peculiarities of applying methods of civil rights protection when using genomic technologies, in particular the technology of preimplantation genetic testing, which will make it possible to productively use these constructions; to create a uniform law enforcement practice in this area. Methods: general scientific, interdisciplinary methods common to the science of civil law and biomedicine (e.g. mathematical method, logical method) and methods specific to each of these sciences; logical, comparative legal, formal legal methods. Results: the author has studied the following: the available Russian and foreign regulatory framework and doctrinal sources on the protection of civil rights, especially the rights of the child, in the field of genomic technologies application; the implementation of the methods of protecting civil rights when using genomic technologies and, in particular, protecting the rights of the child, with attention focused on the specific features of the parties involved in legal relations in this area; the peculiarities of the legal nature of civil liability in the considered category of disputes. Conclusions: the paper provides conclusions reflecting the author's conceptual view of the problem of civil rights protection under civil law when using genomic technologies, in particular, the technology of preimplantation genetic testing. There were determined the directions for improving legislation in relation to persons born as a result of artificial reproduction with the use of genomic technologies; the limits of genomic technologies application in the field of reprogenetics and the conditions of liability in case of their violation were justified.

Peculiarities of Legal Regulation of the Use of Genomic Technologies in Embryology and Artificial Fertilization in the UK

The development of modern medicine is based on the development of high-tech treatment methods. One of such methods includes the application of genomic research that in Russia is not inferior, but in many ways superior to the achievements of Western scientists. However, legal regulation, or rather lack of such regulation in our state prevents comprehensive application of advanced techniques in practice. In order to solve this issue, it becomes relevant to study the experience of foreign countries in order to take into account their flaws and gaps in legal regulation to deal with the debate over problems that may be associated with the application of advanced techniques. The paper considers the use of genomic technologies in the UK in the field of embryology and artificial fertilization as one of the most open areas for genomic editing in modern medicine. The paper elucidates the issue of obtaining and withdrawal (revoking or suspending) of the license by organizations that provide medical services in the field of embryology and artificial human fertilization. The authors also deal with the issue of the formation of specialized bodies, e.g. appeals committees in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Department, dealing with narrow issues. The authors have chosen legal regulation of the issue under consideration in Britain because it appears to be the most liberal regulation as compared with the regulation applied in the other States and even under international law. This, in turn, creates grounds for fears, disputes and discussions in the expert community, which is also of particular interest to the forthcoming Russian law-making and law enforcement. For the purposes of the study, the authors analyze the provisions of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act in terms of their applicability both in the UK and in Russia and examine expert opinions regarding the issues under consideration. Based on the work done, the authors propose to implement the model of legal regulation under which both children who appeared as a result of genomic editing and donors are to be informed of the application of this method.

Enhancing land-based culture of coho salmon through genomic technologies: An economic analysis

The selection of salmon broodstock can enhance certain economically important biological traits over generations, via the use of genomic technologies. Information related to flesh quality, disease resistance, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, has been collected for coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch) and may be applied to breeding programs in British Columbia. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) are two technologies used to identify breeders based on genes directly controlling performance traits. This study aims to quantify the net present value of these technologies, applied to coho salmon broodstock in recirculating land-based systems. We compute the value of these genomic technologies by taking the difference in profits for farmed coho salmon production, when the biological traits mentioned above are enhanced through selective breeding. Results indicate the value of the genomic technologies is around $700 to $6,280 per tonne of coho salmon produced, depending on the targeted trait. Flesh quality yields the greatest change in net present value, followed by growth rate. Our findings may offer a means to meet part of the growing demand for seafood through increased production of coho salmon and reinforce the importance of an ecologically sustainable and economically viable aquaculture industry in British Columbia.

MODERN MOLECULAR GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES

Currently, the methods of molecular diagnostic technologies are being developed, improved and implemented in clinical practice, ensuring the progress of medicine. The strategy of the new direction - personalized medicine is diseases prevention and treatment based on the results of molecular genetic researches at the earliest stages of disease, however, the use of genetic testing raises a number of ethical, legal and social issues that require legislative regulation. Information obtained as a result of a genetic test allows us to predict future health status and assess the risks of pathological conditions, but can also be used by third parties to discriminate and infringe on human rights, as well as contain unexpected findings, affecting the family and descendants of the examined person. Aim: analysis and synthesis of theoretical knowledge and practical experience of legal regulation of the issues of preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnostics; the use of genomic technologies for DNA typing of hereditary diseases and current trends in the improvement of regulatory legal acts in this field of research. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the experience of legal regulation of the genetic research regime both in the countries of the world and in national legislation is studied. It is concluded that the national regulatory framework needs to improve the legal regime of DNA testing. Some ways to resolve regulatory issues of DNA testing are identified.

ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИНИМИЗАЦИИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРОШЛОГО (НАКОПЛЕННОГО) ВРЕДА, ПРИЧИНЕННОГО ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЕ, НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ЕГО ГЕНОМ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical problems of legal provision of biological safety as a component of environmental safety in the elimination of past (accumulated) envi-ronmental damage and minimizing its impact on human health and its genome. It is noted that at present the potential and real risks and threats of objects of accumulated environmental harm, which can cause harm to human life and health, are not identified, also the threats and risks affecting the favorable (natural) state of the environment and to ensure environmental and biological safety are not systematized. Thus, given the potential danger of objects of accumulated environmental damage, the tasks associated with the protection of natural complexes and sites, natural ecosystems, biodi-versity conservation, as well as the protection of human health, currently acquire particular relevance. The necessity of solving these tasks has been repeatedly noted as the highest priority of the state environmental policy in the state strategic planning documents. Based on the results of the study of the main areas of (potential and real) impact of past (accumulated) environmental harms on human health and its genome, a conclusion was made that, taking into account global climate change, given the expansion of economic and other activities, including the use of genomic technologies, it is actually impossible to assess the level of negative impact of objects of accumulated environmental harms on the human genome. To address this problem, the authors formulated conceptual proposals to define the main objectives of state policy in the field of minimizing the impact of past (accumulated) envi-ronmental damage on the environment and human health, including through the legislative consolidation of measures to ensure biological and genetic safety, which should be recognized as an integral and integral part of environmental security in the modern expanding paradigm of environmental law.

PSII-27 Determining genetic variation in sheep with Flock54: a genotyping by sequencing panel

Abstract Genetic selection can accelerate progress of the United States sheep industry, yet it is underutilized by the seedstock sector. Poor reproductive and lamb rearing rates and inconsistent meat quality are two major issues that have limited domestic production of lamb and allowed imports to hold a more favorable market share in the United States. Better understanding of genetic merit for important production traits earlier in a breeding animal’s life, obtained through the use of genomic technology, is one possible way to address these issues. Flock54, a recently developed low density genotype by sequencing panel, provides genotyping data to producers at a price point that encourages wide-spread utilization. The complete capabilities of the data captured by this panel have yet to be fully explored. This project aims to investigate the application of this 1000 marker panel for the determination of genetic variation (heterozygosity) and inbreeding coefficients within a population. Superior Farms producer-members provided 384 sheep tissue or blood samples from which DNA was extracted and sent to Thermo Fisher for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) using Torrent Suite 5.10. Genetic variation and inbreeding coefficients were successfully calculated for all animals. With the ability to estimate relatedness within a population and call markers for economically important quantitative trait loci and mendelian inherited traits, producer utilization of Flock54 can facilitate accurate genetic selection within the U.S sheep industry.

Basics of genetic variation and the use of genomic technologies in cattle

Genetic variation is an important factor in determining phenotypic variation in cattle. This variation arises in large part from differences in the genetic composition among animals. Genomic technologies can help to describe this variation and expected phenotypic impacts in part associated with differences in coding regions of the genome affecting protein structure and function, and by characterizing similarities among animals at the molecular level that can help inform prediction of genetic merit among genomically similar animals. When applied in this manner, genomic technologies help to provide more accurate estimation of genetic merit for more traits than can often be effectively measured phenotypically much earlier in life. This improves and accelerates decision making, thus optimizing production efficiency.

Genetic Counseling and Genome Sequencing in Pediatric Rare Disease.

Both genome sequencing (GS) and exome sequencing (ES) have proven to be revolutionary in the diagnosis of pediatric rare disease. The diagnostic potential and increasing affordability make GS and ES more accessible as a routine clinical test in some centers. Herein, I review aspects of rare disease in pediatrics associated with the use of genomic technologies with an emphasis on the benefits and limitations of both ES and GS, complexities of variant classification, and the importance of genetic counseling. Indications for testing, the role of genetic counselors in genomic test selection, and the diagnostic potential of ES and GS in various pediatric multisystem disorders are discussed. The neonatal population represents an important cohort in pediatric rare disease. Rapid ES and GS in critically ill neonates can have an immediate impact on medical management and present unique genetic counseling challenges. This work includes reviews of recommendations for genetic counseling for families considering genome-wide sequencing, and issues of access to genetic counseling that affect clinical use and will necessitate implementation of innovative methods such as online decision aids. Finally, this work will also review the challenges of having a child with a rare disease, the impact of results from ES and GS on these families, and the role of various support agencies.

Role of Legal Principles in Eliminating and Minimizing the Risks of Genomic Technologies

The use of modern genomic technologies, along with the benefits to the man and society, can lead to negative consequences. Such risks exist both in the process and after the production, isolation, modification, storage of DNA. Prior to detailed legislative regulation of relations regarding the use of genomic technologies for medicinal purposes and not for medical reasons, legal principles become vital.The paper formulates the following basic legal principles of genomic technologies application: the principle of preventive actions of the state to protect citizens from the risks of using genomic technologies; the principle of preserving the human genome as a special species; the principle of guaranteeing the inviolability of the individual of every citizen when using genomic technologies; the principle of priority of life and health of citizens over the interests of science and society; the principle of equality of citizens regardless of genetic characteristics; the principle of protection of genetic information of every citizen as part of personal data; the principle of guaranteeing access to the citizen’s own genetic information. Legal principles can be used to resolve a dispute by analogy of law.