MODERN MOLECULAR GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES

Abstract

Currently, the methods of molecular diagnostic technologies are being developed, improved and implemented in clinical practice, ensuring the progress of medicine. The strategy of the new direction - personalized medicine is diseases prevention and treatment based on the results of molecular genetic researches at the earliest stages of disease, however, the use of genetic testing raises a number of ethical, legal and social issues that require legislative regulation. Information obtained as a result of a genetic test allows us to predict future health status and assess the risks of pathological conditions, but can also be used by third parties to discriminate and infringe on human rights, as well as contain unexpected findings, affecting the family and descendants of the examined person. Aim: analysis and synthesis of theoretical knowledge and practical experience of legal regulation of the issues of preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnostics; the use of genomic technologies for DNA typing of hereditary diseases and current trends in the improvement of regulatory legal acts in this field of research. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the experience of legal regulation of the genetic research regime both in the countries of the world and in national legislation is studied. It is concluded that the national regulatory framework needs to improve the legal regime of DNA testing. Some ways to resolve regulatory issues of DNA testing are identified.