Use Of Flat Plate Research Articles

Computational Analysis of the Rotating Cylinder Embedment onto Flat Plate

The Magnus effect and its evolution have greatly affected the aerospace industry over the past century to date. Nevertheless, cylinder embedment onto a flat plate offers a new discovery that is yet to be investigated, specifically whether the concept could enhance the aerodynamic properties of the flat plate following the Magnus effect momentum injection. Over the past decade, the use of a rotating cylinder on an aerofoil has existed from past researches studies where the embedment has significantly increased in its aerodynamic performance better than the one without Magnus application. However, it would be hard to achieve experimental-wise as an accurate measurement and fabrication would be needed to have the same resulting effects. Here, most of the researchers would not focus deeply on the placement of the cylinder as this may increase their fabrication and testing complications. Therefore, the current study delineates the use of flat plate as the foundation design to encounter the arise matter by reducing its complication yet easy to manufacture experimentally. In this work, the model output was evaluated by using ANSYS WORKBENCH 2019 software to simulate two-dimensional flow analysis for the rotational velocities of 500 RPM and 1000 RPM, respectively. This was done for different Reynolds numbers ranging from 4.56E+05 to 2.74E+06 which implicitly implied with free stream velocities varying from 5 m/s to 30 m/s for different angles of attack between 0 to 20 degrees. Prior to developing the best model embedment, the mesh independency test was validated with an error of less than 1%. The study resulted in a remarkable trend that was noticeably up to 32% (500 RPM) and 76% (1000 RPM) better in compared to the one without momentum injection. Similarly, the high recovery led to a tremendously lower of 51% (500 RPM) and 99% (1000 RPM), respectively. In sum, these findings generated a stall angle delay of up to 26% (500 RPM) and 78% (1000 RPM) accordingly.

Joint ENEA-ANSALDO design and manufacturing feasibility study of a brazed first wall for net

In collaboration with ANSALDO, ENEA is performing a design and manufacturing feasibility study for the first wall of NET during the physics operation phase. The main design specifications are the average neutron wall load = 1 MW/m 2 , peak surface heat flux = 0.4 MW/m 2 , total number of bum pluses = 1×10 4 , average burn pulse duration = 100 s, structure material = ss 316L S.A., coolant = H 2 O (He) at 50 °C. The ENEA-ANSALDO (reference design is based on the use of flat plates coupled by nicrobrazing to water poloidal cooling tubes. The final aim of the work is manufacturing a representative NET first wall box segment (mockup of indicative dimensions 0.65×0.25×0.15 m 3 ) suitable for testing in the 190 kW Thermal Fatigue Test Facility at JRC-Ispra. In this paper we report on the related design work and the results of the studied performed: technological development (manufacturing test activity, brazed joints characterization tests, mockup design and manufacturing), thermomechanical analysis, plasma-wall interaction studies (tests on protective carbon composite material, theory), and tritium transport analysis.

Wear of Spindles for Spinning

Object: With the aid of flat plates and balls we have made spinning wear tests on the footsteps of spinning spindles equipped with roller bearings. The purpose is to clarify the characteristics of wear caused by total revolutions, load, speed and hardness, and to examine the wear resistance property of the steps. Test results: Conducted with the use of flat plates and balls (both made of bearing steel SUJ 2) as well as spindles, the wear tests have shown that: (1) Spinning revolutions and the amount of wear (loss in weight) increase in an almost linear relation. (2) The relation between the load and the amount of wear is such that the latter tends to increase slightly as the former increases. (3) The amount of wear tends to increase rapidly with a decrease in the spinning rotation speed. It will help to reduce wear if rotations are speeded up by improving the efficiency of service spindles. (4) The relation between combinations of various degrees of hardness and the total amount of wear is such that the latter decreases with an increase in the hardness of test pieces, if flat plates have been hardened in a degree reasonable and matching balls approximately HR C 64 in Rockwell hardness. (5) A step having a well-finished and harder surface reduces the wear of spindle pivots.

Schmidt Systems as Spectrograph Cameras*

Small chromatic aberrations and large field of good definition make Schmidt systems particularly suited for spectrograph cameras. The outstanding disadvantages—spherical focal surface and loss of light due to the position of the plate in front of the mirror—play different roles in cameras of large and small focal lengths. For focal lengths above 30 inches, photographic plates on thin glass can be bent to the necessary curvature without great risk of breakage. For cameras of shorter focal length, curvatures necessitating the use of film can be avoided by the introduction of a field-flattening lens. A plano-convex lens placed close to the focus has proved completely satisfactory for cameras of relative apertures f/3 and f/1.5. The use of flat plates without field flattener restricts the field of good definition to an angular extent of 114.6(d/A)12 degrees (d permissible diameter of the circle of diffusion, A diameter of the collimator); this is sufficient for many purposes. The loss of light due to occulting by the plate can be avoided by an off-axis construction. This is completely satisfactory for cameras of large focal length where the plate can be bent to the curvature of the focal surface. Field-flattening lenses are usable, but the aberrations introduced by them will be those corresponding to the normal system of larger aperture of which the off-axis system is part. Consequently, the aberrations will be relatively large and the usefulness of field-flattening lenses with the off-axis construction will be restricted to relative apertures of f/4 and smaller. The use of flat plates in off-axis systems results in a sidewise curvature of the spectrum on the plate with a radius of curvature kf2/A; the factor k, depending on details of the construction, will usually be between 1 and 1.5. Such a curvature is objectionable. As the use of film generally reduces the accuracy of wave-length measures and is, therefore, equally undesirable, off-axis systems of short focal lengths are of restricted usefulness. For cameras of very short focal lengths, the small scale of the spectrum permits the use of small plates, thus minimizing the loss of light in a normal system, but a range of focal lengths below 30 inches will always remain for which the full advantages of Schmidt systems are not available without some loss of light.