Use Of Fire Extinguishers Research Articles

Factors Affecting Disaster or Emergency Coping Skills in People with Intellectual Disabilities.

This study aimed to investigate the disaster or emergency coping skills of people with intellectual disabilities and the factors that affect these skills. The panel survey on the lives of people with disabilities from the 3rd dataset (2020) of the Korea Development Institute for the Disabled was used for this analysis. Response data from 275 people with intellectual disabilities aged 10 years or older were analyzed. Differences between disaster or emergency coping skill levels and sub-questions of skills, according to the general characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities, were identified, as well as factors affecting the level of disaster or emergency coping skills. The results show that the coping skills level was low; among the sub-questions, the use of fire extinguishers and awareness of the location of fire extinguishers or emergency bells in the event of a disaster or emergency were also low. Factors affecting the level of coping skills were found to be the level of education and experience in comprehensive disaster coping training. The results of this study suggest that training and education on disaster or emergency coping skills for people with intellectual disabilities are necessary and that programs should be developed for this purpose.

ASA APPLICATION (ARFF SMART APPLICATION) AS LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE COMPETENCE OF ARFF PERSONNEL

The ARFF unit is responsible for incidents and accidents at the airport and its surroundings. They have skills such as the use of fire extinguishers, safety equipment operation, and evacuation measures. This preparedness is enhanced through the ARFF Smart Application (ASA) to improve ARFF learning competencies at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport. The research used a waterfall research and development (R&D) model with observation as the data collection method. Development involves communication, planning, modeling, construction, and implementation stages. Validation was conducted with a questionnaire according to ISO 25010, measuring the functionality, usability, compatibility, and performance efficiency of the application. Functionality testing involved six testers (3 media experts and 3 material experts), with 92% of the results showing excellent quality. Usability testing involved 37 users with an excellent 95.40% rating in ease of use, learning, and satisfaction. Application compatibility was tested on various Android devices. Performance efficiency testing showed efficient performance in execution time, CPU usage, and memory. ARFF Smart Application fulfills all four aspects of the ISO 25010 standard with an assessment of "very feasible" and is suitable for use in learning by personnel in classroom activities.

The Importance of Fire Extinguishers in Healthcare Facilities (Literature Review)

This text discusses the importance of Fire Extinguishing Equipment in fire prevention within healthcare facilities. Through a literature review, the author explores the understanding of the significance of using Fire Extinguishers, which are an integral part of healthcare facility safety. Healthcare facilities, such as hospitals and laboratories, are equipped with advanced machinery, cutting-edge technology, and hazardous chemicals. In day-to-day operations, the use of electrical equipment like MRI machines and ventilators increases the electrical load, while the presence of flammable materials like medical oxygen makes it even more complex. Smith, Miller, and Hamilton's research highlights that fires in healthcare facilities not only result in material losses but also pose a real threat to patients with limited mobility or critical conditions. The success of Fire Extinguisher utilization depends on the collaboration of various components, including Fire Extinguisher maintenance, awareness campaigns, Fire Extinguisher usage training, and coordination among staff during fires to ensure the safety of all parties involved. Fire Extinguishers play a vital role as first-response tools when fires occur. However, to prevent fires in healthcare facilities, proper electrical installations, well-organized cables, and personnel safety must be considered. Further research is needed to identify factors that can reduce the fire risk in Healthcare Facilities. To enhance healthcare facility safety, the use of Fire Extinguishers and an understanding of risk factors should be integrated into a holistic prevention strategy.

Effects of Disaster Management towards Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Arusha District

This study investigated the effects of disaster management towards academic achievement in public secondary schools in Arusha District Council, Tanzania. Objectives were to; examine ways of managing disasters in secondary schools and effects of disaster management towards academic achievement of students in public secondary schools. Emergency Management Theory guided the study. Convergent mixed methods design was adopted. Questionnaires, documentary analysis, photo taking and interviews were used to collect data from 105students and 85teachers selected by simple and stratified random sampling techniques. Five school heads and 4 WEOs were purposively selected. Validity was fortified through expert inputs. Reliability employed test-retest technique and reliability index, SQ r=0.735, TQ r=0.827and NTSQ r= 0.761were obtained. Credibility and dependability of qualitative data was established through detailed reporting of the research process. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS version 23 and results were presented in tables. Findings include provision of fire extinguishers to help in putting off fire outbreaks, enhancing drainage system and raising building foundation to prevent surface runoff from accessing classrooms and offices. Proper use of fire extinguishers to minimize damages caused by fire in schools hence minimal interference to learning process. In conclusion, without a disaster management plan, schools spend more time and resources reacting to a situation instead of planning for the anticipated disaster. Recommendations entailed all institutions to provide fire extinguishers, enhance drainage system and improve students’ discipline as disaster mitigation measures.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT RUANG RAWAT INAP TENTANG PENGGUNAAN APAR (ALAT PEMADAM API RINGAN) DENGAN TERJADINYA RESIKO BENCANA KEBAKARAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SEMBIRING DELITUA

The hospital is one of the high-rise buildings that have the potential for fires originating from electricity, stoves, and storing flammable materials for example fuel and medical gas and installation of power plants such as generator sets which are the source of fires. Fire is an unwanted and uncontrollable occurrence of fire. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between knowledge of inpatient nurses regarding the use of fire extinguishers with the occurrence of fire disaster risk at Sembiring Delitua General Hospital.The design of this study used an observational analytic method through a cross sectional approach. The study population were 158 people, with sample of 61 nurses used the proportional stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was questionnaire. Data Relationship between Inpatient Nurse Knowledge about the Use of Fire Extinguishers and the Occurrence of Fire Disaster Risk in the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic at Sembiring Delitua Hospital.analysis methods were univariate and bivariate with chi square test. The results showed that from 61 nurses, 47 people (77%) had poor knowledge about the use of fire extinguishers and resulted in a high risk of fire disaster and 14 people (23%) have good knowledge about the use of fire extinguishers and with a low risk of fire disasters. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between nurses' knowledge of the use of fire extinguishers and the occurrence of fire disaster at Sembiring General Hospital with p = 0.003 < 0.05. Conclusion: nurses' knowledge about the use of fire extinguishers has a relationship with the occurrence of fire disaster risk with 4,170 times greater chance. Suggestion: the management provides training and simulations to health workers such as nurses on how to use fire extinguishers and fire emergency response.

The Scenarios to Improve Job Competence of Fire Safety Managers

This study attempted to design a scenario to improve a fire safety manager's actual fire response-ability based on elements that may occur in actual fire situations. The scenario was linked with revised educational subjects, starting with fire recognition, propagation, occupant evacuation guidance, use of fire extinguishers and indoor (outdoor) fire hydrants considering combustion characteristics, and protection safety. Finally, it covered fire brigade induction and police handover. The scenario demonstrates the procedures to respond to fire from the fire safety manager's perspective and includes seven stages. These are fire outbreaks, fire situation propagation, initial fire extinguishing, evacuation guidance, firefighting facility operation and action, protective measures and first aid, fire brigade guidance, and collaboration. The study concluded that it would be helpful to improve the fire safety manager's decision-making ability to respond to critical situations and prepare for recurring diverse situations by developing scenarios by utilizing fire safety manager instructional and practical training.

ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS OF THE STATE EMERGENCIES SERVICE OF UKRAINE WHILE EXTINGUISHING FIRES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS OF THE STATE EMERGENCIES SERVICE OF UKRAINE WHILE EXTINGUISHING FIRES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS OF THE STATE EMERGENCIES SERVICE OF UKRAINE WHILE EXTINGUISHING FIRES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Penggunaan Alat Pemadam Api Ringan (APAR) Berhubungan Dengan Sikap Dalam Penanggulangan Kebakaran

Fires can be prevented but the incidence is still quite high so it is important to know how to deal with them, especially in the use of light fire extinguishers (APAR). A fire incident requires a quick response to fire. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between students' knowledge about the use of a Light Fire Extinguisher (APAR) with fire prevention attitudes in the Chemistry Laboratory of Unitri Malang. The research design used cross sectional. The sample consisted of students of Chemical Engineering UNITRI Malang in the class of 2019 as many as 53 respondents who were taken using simple random sampling. Collecting data using questionnaires and analyzed by fisher-exact test. The results obtained that respondents have a good level of knowledge category (58.5%) and have a good attitude category (67.9%). Fisher-exact test analysis found that there was a relationship between students' knowledge about the use of fire extinguishers and attitudes in fire prevention. It is hoped that there will be training on the use of fire extinguishers on an ongoing basis and continuous socialization will be carried out after the training so that they can know how to deal with fires

Fire extinguishers and their purpose

The proper use of fire extinguishers in case of fire is an urgent task. Primary fire extinguishing agents are used to eliminate small fires and prevent the spread of fire before the arrival of the fire brigade. This allows minimizing the damage that can be caused to the enterprise and reducing the risk of fire brigade actions, and sometimes obviates the need for the evacuation of people.

PELATIHAN PELAKSANAAN K3 DALAM PENGGUNAAN ALAT PEMADAM API DAN PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN DI LINGKUNGAN PERUSAHAAN

The Company that is the site of many activities several times experienced fires. Some companies have even experienced fires twice in the past 12 months. One of the causes of the fire is an electrical short circuit. Poor employee knowledge and lack of understanding related to fire anticipation are among the factors in the occurrence of fires in the Company. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct K3 implementation training activities, in this case, the use of Fire Extinguishers and kill the fire in ways other than using extinguishers. The training method is by way of direct practice, then excellent and correct application. The hope is that the training results are that employees can understand the standard procedures and understand the dangers posed by fire that are not immediately extinguished so that this activity can minimize the occurrence of fires in the Company

Safety in Medical Laboratories: Perception and Practice of University Students and Laboratory Workers.

Several safety-related accidents occur in the laboratories because of insufficient regulations, inappropriate implementation of safety measures, or unawareness attitude and practices toward safety precautions. Thus, establishment of efficient regulations and safe habits toward workplace safety is crucial to prevent or minimize such accidents. Here we investigate the levels of laboratory safety awareness among undergraduate medical science students and laboratory workers at major hospitals in Taif, Saudi Arabia. An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 185 students and workers. The survey was categorized into five sections: (1) variable demographic items, (2) orientation around the warning signage of medical laboratory picograms, (3) assess participants' attitudes toward laboratory safety, (4) assess participants' safety awareness and practices in medical laboratories, and (5) assess participants' knowledge in dealing with emergency equipment and related procedures. Data analyses indicate that workers are generally more aware of the key aspects of laboratory safety. Although students demonstrated moderate to good knowledge of major laboratory signage, there are some areas of deficiency, particularly regarding the use of fire extinguishers. Of interest is that female students are more familiar with laboratory signage than male students, although general laboratory safety awareness among students is poor. Students also showed poor awareness of certain critical aspects of safety practices and emergency procedures. The study data reveal inadequate awareness and knowledge of certain laboratory safety aspects among undergraduate students. Therefore, academic institutions should introduce effective safety regulations, education, and training to improve student safety.

ИСПЫТАНИЯ ОГНЕТУШАЩЕЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ГИДРОГЕЛЯ АЛЮМИНИЯ ПРИ ТУШЕНИИ МОДЕЛЬНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ НИЗОВЫХ ПОЖАРОВ

Extinguishing natural fires largely depends on the effective use of fire extinguishers by firefighters. Nevertheless, there are objective limits to the fire extinguishing ability of known substances and materials, which cannot be overcome by either tactical or technological methods. In the work, a method for extinguishing ground fires using aluminum hydrogels with different concentrations as fire extinguishing compositions is proposed, which makes it possible to simultaneously realize three extinguishing methods: cooling, insulation, and combustion inhibition. Investigation of fire extinguishing ability of the selected fire extinguishing compositions has been carried out according to a specially developed technique that simulates formation and development of ground natural fire in experimental plots. Extinguishing efficiency was assessed by comparing the results of the total cost of extinguishing agents to a unit of length of the edge of the fire and a unit of area of the fire. It was shown that the best fire extinguishing ability has an aqueous solution of aluminum hydrogel with a concentration of 3.5-7 g/l. Fire extinguishing ability of aluminum hydrogels was investigated. The obtained results were compared with the fire extinguishing ability of water and aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate (soda) and sodium sulfate. The use of other aqueous solutions (soda and sodium sulfate) has not shown significant contribution to fire extinguishing. Therefore, fire extinguishing effect is completely due to the chemical composition and physical and chemical properties of aluminum hydrogel. Based on the data obtained, aluminum hydrogel costs per unit length and area of the fire, its lowest concentration, which retains the fire extinguishing effect and the technological conditions for its preparation and use, have been determined

MODERN APPROACHES TO TOXICOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF EXTINGUISHING EXTENSIVE FIRES

The analysis of investigations on hygienic and toxicological assessment of the volume of fire extinguishers gives reason to believe that at this stage they do not have a single sound methodical approach. This situation often causes conflicting opinions on the results, calling into question their practical value, makes it difficult to compare fire-extinguishers on hygienic and toxicological criteria, increases the material, labor and time required to perform stadies. In the preparation of the paper there was used “many years” personal experience on the toxicological research and hygienic regulation of fire volume extinguishing means, and also the data analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications, regulatory and technical literature in this area. The list of basic medical and technical requirements to means of fire volume extinguishing, which will allow use of the available information and to seek specifically missing information on fire-extinguishers for the making of an informed decision concerning the possibility of their use in confined manned spaces. As hygiene regulations it is proposed to set the time of human stay in a safe environment with effective fire-extinguishing concentration of the test fire extinguishing agents which can be suggested not as a “maximum allowable”, but as “emergency” - maximum permissible length of stay. When assessing the risk of fire extinguishing means it has been justified the refusal to study the nature of the combined action of fire-extinguishers with the factors of the fire, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the possible products of thermal destruction of fire extinguishing agents. There was proposed an algorithm for the study, which will unify the toxicological and hygienic assessment of fire extinguishing agents, improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the results, save time and money by completing the research at the stage, the results of which could reasonably indicate to the impossibility of the use of fire-extinguishers in the presence of a person without means of enforcement of protection of respiration.

Knowledge of occupational hazards and use of preventive measures among bakery workers in Kaduna north local government area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Background: Workers in bakeries face many hazards in their work environment, and these hazards have the potential to cause injury or illness. The study assessed the knowledge of occupational hazards and the use of preventive measures among bakery workers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Materials and Method: The cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in January 2017. The data collection tools were 258 pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and observational checklist. The collected data were manually cleaned, checked for completeness; entered into SPSS software version 20.0 and analyzed. The results were presented as tables and charts. Results: Majority (77%) were within the age bracket of 15–30 years with a mean age of 23 ± 2.1 years, 63% of males and 37% had secondary education with different job descriptions. The mean working experience was 5 years with only 14% and 2% of the workers having had training on prevention of workplace hazards and the use of fire extinguisher, respectively. The workers had poor awareness of occupational hazards such as tightness on the chest (30%), skin reactions/allergy (16%) and falls (17%) but with better awareness of burns (46%), cuts (37%) and hearing problems from excess noise (40.0%) among others. The most encountered symptoms/problems by workers were a muscular problem (72%), recurrent catarrh (65%), tightness on the chest (54%), recurrent cough (54%) and sneezing (52%) and symptoms of asthma among others. Apron, hand gloves and face masks were the commonly used protective devices by the workers and only 19% of the bakeries had functional first aid boxes. Burning was the most common method of solid waste disposal (52%). Conclusion: The workers had poor to average awareness of some occupational hazards with some encountering some problems as a result of their work. The use of personal protective devices such as apron, hand gloves and face masks were encouraging. However, the availability of functional first aid box and training on the use of fire extinguishers were major problems. There is a need for continuous training of the workers on prevention of workplace hazards, use of fire extinguisher and provision of basic functional first aid box among others in the workplace.

Highlights from The Science Teacher: December 2009 to Summer 2010

This installment of reviews of chemistry-related articles published in The Science Teacher (TST) highlights material published from December 2009 through Summer 2010. TST is the high school publication of the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA). Topics in this review include several aspects of classroom safety such as the use of fire extinguishers and the new NSTA portal to safety, as well as a redox reaction producing copper crystals, writing student lab reports, making “green” root beer with inquiry extensions, building a digital thermometer, and an instructional unit on local air quality. These articles focus on introductory or high school chemistry.

Interactions Between Human Behaviour and Technology: Implications for Fire Safety Science

Here we present a number of studies showing how human behaviour may influence the effectiveness of fire safety equipment. The paper initially focuses on smoke alarms and first reviews studies on the waking effectiveness of smoke alarms, including the increased waking effectiveness of a low frequency 520 Hz square wave. Section 2.2 presents research on the impact of changes in the open or shut status of doors and windows on alarm performance. When all doors were closed, the average alarm volume in other rooms fell to a mere 36 dBA. Time for alarm activation by smoke was very strongly influenced by shutting interconnecting doors. The analysis in Sect. 2.3, using detailed coroner’s files, suggests that for many fire fatalities a smoke alarm is likely to have been irrelevant to whether or not a person died in the fire. Part 3 presents research examining the use of fire extinguishers and fire blankets by older adults. Blanket use was more successful than the fire extinguisher, with 22% of participants unable to remove the fire extinguisher safety tag. We conclude that any new fire safety technologies or developments need to explicitly take into account human factors in their design. Further, consideration must be made about whether a new product is likely to be located, installed, available, maintained and/or appropriately used by the people who are most at risk. The paper closes with a discussion of some preventative strategies.

The safe use of fire extinguishers

Residential care homes in the UK have an estimated 800 fires a year. Managers, says Robert Thilthorpe, should conduct risk assessments and provide staff with competent fire extinguisher training.

Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents in the Presence of Interfering Materials

The performance of two portable chemical warfare agent (CWA) alarm units, AP2CV (Proengin France) and M90 (Environics, Finland), challenged with CWA and interfering materials, was evaluated in the laboratory. This study focuses on the effect of fuel vapors and carbon dioxide on the detectors' responses to sulfur mustard (HD) and sarin (GB) vapors. The interfering materials were chosen to simulate battlefield scenarios such as fuel spills and use of fire extinguishers. In general, CWA alarm units should have a fast and accurate response so that false negative (FN) or false positive (FP) alarm rates will be low. Although both detectors detect CWA within a few seconds, their selectivity is not the same. The false alarm rate of the AP2CV is low, suggesting that dual wavelength flame photometric detection (FPD) is a reliable technique for CWA alarm devices. The M90 is a “consumable free detector” that incorporates two sensors: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and semiconductor cell (SCC). We found that the false alarm rate is high in the presence of fuel vapors. Addition of CO2 did not cause FP alarm, did not mask GB, and unexpectedly increased the sensitivity to HD. The physical and chemical processes involved in the detection of CWA/interferants mixtures by the AP2CV and M90 are discussed.