Use Of Agricultural Resources Research Articles

Biofortified biscuits with indigenous plants: An innovative approach to prevent stunting in early childhood

Background: Increasing human living standards is directly proportional to demands for the quality of public health. Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is ranked fifth in the world with a figure reaching 37.2%. Therefore, stunting is 1 of 5 health problems that the government is focusing on solving. This growth and development disorder is characterized by the body size of the baby/toddler below standard as well as delays in cognitive and psychomotor abilities. Stunting in children is the impact of nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy and the first 1000 days of life. Important micronutrients that have the potential to reduce the risk of stunting are iron and folic acid. The majority of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers with high school education or below tend not to pay attention to their intake of these 2 micronutrients, so deficiencies often occur. Pregnancy/breastfeeding supplements on the market are also expensive. Facts show that cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) and winged bean seeds (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) are local agricultural resources that are rich in iron and folic acid. The production of biscuits to prevent stunting from these 2 vegetable sources is certainly very promising and worth developing. The aim of writing this scientific work is to determine the right biscuit formulation so that it is suitable to be used as a biscuit to prevent stunting for the wider community. Methods: Making biscuits needs to be preceded by making cassava leaf paste and winged bean seed flour and then determining various formulations. Variations in winged bean seed flour formulation: cassava leaf paste, namely F1 (20:10), F2 (25:15), F3 (30:10). Biscuits are made using the cream method, namely mixing sugar, skim milk, margarine and egg yolks until homogeneous then adding wheat flour, winged bean seed flour, cassava leaf paste, water and leavening agent. The dough is rolled, molded and baked at 170oC for 30 minutes. Finding: after carrying out organoleptic tests to measure product quality and determine the best formulation, it turned out that F2 was the biscuit formulation that the panelists liked most. Conclusion : The development of stunting prevention biscuits from cassava leaves and winged bean seeds is a potential solution. The next step is to disseminate this product as part of a stunting prevention strategy in the community. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The use of local agricultural resources, specifically winged bean seeds and cassava leaves, to develop a nutritious and affordable biscuit aimed at preventing stunting is an innovative approach that not only addresses the chronic malnutrition problem but also supports local economies by utilizing underutilized crops.

Analysis of the efficiency of the use of labor resources in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In the article, the authors consider the current state of the labor market in the rural sector, namely, the efficiency of the use of labor resources in agriculture through quantitative and qualitative indicators. The analysis of these indicators allows to get information about the main problems and difficulties faced by employers in the process of using labor resources. Based on the analysis, the authors note that one of the main problems of agricultural enterprises affecting the competitive capabilities of the industry is the qualification of labor resources. At the level of senior management, the provision of high-quality personnel is relative. But there are not enough middle-level specialists and working professions. The authors also note that young professionals have no interest in staying in agriculture, so there is a high turnover of personnel. The authors conclude that the rapid development of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, including digitalization, automation, and generational change of specialists and workers in the industry are the driving forces that change the requirements for the professionalism of employees of the agricultural industry. Therefore, in order to be competitive in the labor market, it is necessary to master new competencies and skills that can make their work indispensable. To win competition with machines, it is necessary to develop the ability to communicate with different people and the ability to work in a team, to train the willingness to solve problems and the desire to think outside the box. These competencies are universal for all professional fields of activity.

Multi-Objective Optimization: a Mathematical Model to Help Manage the Crop-Livestock-Forestry Integration System

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model based on multi-objective optimization to assist farmers who have adopted the Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ILPF) system, aiming to maximize production with resource limitations. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, sustainable agriculture, rural management, and mathematical optimization tools are discussed, providing a solid basis for understanding the research context. Method: It comprises an applied approach, considering the main inputs, costs and production revenues necessary to power the model. Microsoft Corporation's Excel Solver computational tool, version 7.3.5.2(x64)/LibreOffice Community, was used due to its accessibility and practicality for rural producers. Results and Discussion: The proposed mathematical model provides assistance in decision making, considering the distribution of areas for different productions with a view to achieving efficient results. In the discussion, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered. Research Implications: The results can be applied to rural management and sustainable agriculture. These implications may include optimizing resources and improving the productive efficiency of farmers who use the ILPF system. Originality/Value: Considers the balance of economic, social and environmental aspects in the use of the ILPF system. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential to improve decision-making and maximize the efficient use of resources in sustainable agriculture.

Development of Circular Economy in Agriculture in Hanoi, Vietnam

The introduction of circular economy principles into closed production systems is essential to address current socio-economic and ecological challenges efficiently. This approach not only saves costs, creates job opportunities, and fosters economic growth but also promotes the sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture. Transitioning to a circular economy model in agriculture contributes to achieving sustainable development goals. In Hanoi, Vietnam, sustainable agriculture development focuses on integrating natural processes and biological resources to enhance productivity while preserving the environment. Challenges persist in shifting from conventional to organic farming methods due to certification complexities and infrastructure limitations. Despite these hurdles, organic farming adoption is increasing, positively impacting agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The gradual expansion of certified organic agriculture in Hanoi indicates promising strides toward environmental conservation and economic development through a closed-loop agricultural system.

Evapotranspiration estimation using high-resolution aerial imagery and pySEBAL for processing tomatoes

AbstractThe use of high-resolution aerial imagery for assessing actual crop evapotranspiration $$ \left({ET}_{a}\right)$$ holds the potential to optimize the use of limited water resources in agriculture. Despite this potential, there is a shortage of information regarding the effectiveness of energy balance algorithms, initially designed for satellite remote sensing in estimating $$ {ET}_{a}$$ using aerial imagery. This study addresses this gap by employing the remote sensing model pySEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) in conjunction with high-resolution aerial imagery to estimate $$ {ET}_{a}$$ for processing tomatoes. Throughout the 2021 growing season, an aircraft captured multispectral and thermal imagery over a processing tomato field near Esparto, California, USA. Simultaneously, an eddy covariance flux tower within the field measured high-frequency turbulent fluxes and low-frequency biometeorology variables essential for evaluating the energy balance. The comprehensive assessment of energy balance components, including $$ {ET}_{a}$$, yielded compelling evidence that pySEBAL accurately estimated $$ {ET}_{a}$$ at high spatial resolution. The root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized RMSE for various energy balance components were as follows: 33 W m− 2 (12%) for latent heat flux, 29 W m− 2 (35%) for sensible heat flux, 24 W m− 2 (4%) for net radiation, and 10 W m− 2 (15%) for soil heat flux. Additionally, $$ {ET}_{a}$$ exhibited an RMSE and NRMSE of 0.26 mm d− 1 (6%). Moreover, the spatial mapping of $$ {ET}_{a}$$ across the processing tomato field visually depicted the spatial variability associated with irrigation scheduling, crop development, areas affected by disease, and soil heterogeneity. This research underscores the value of high resolution spatial aerial imagery and pySEBAL algorithm for estimating $$ {ET}_{a}$$ variability in the field, a crucial aspect for guiding precision irrigation management and ensuring the optimal use of limited water resources in agriculture.

The role of commercial agriculture in meeting sustainable development goals in South Africa: Evidence from municipal-level total factor productivity analysis

Improving agricultural productivity is critical, both locally and globally, particularly in the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of eradicating poverty (SDG 1), increasing food production for food security (SDG 2), and promoting efficient use of agricultural resources and sustainable farming practices (SDG 12). This study examines and compares total factor productivity efficiency (TFPE) in the South African commercial agricultural sector, along with its drivers, using local municipal-level data. We used the Färe-Primont index to assess municipalities' TFPE levels, considering both traditional (economic) factors (labour, land, and operating expenses) and environmental variables (temperature, rainfall, and soil moisture index). Our TFPE index results are not only lower, but they show more variation across municipalities than the economic TFPE index, which is commonly used in agricultural productivity research. This implies that ignoring environmental variables may bias analysis; therefore, future studies should consider including environmental factors in their analyses. We then used hierarchical clustering to group municipalities with similar TFPE levels and components, followed by fractional regression to identify the drivers of efficiency levels. The cluster analysis results reveal that the best-performing municipalities are in cluster 4, comprising municipalities from the Western Cape Winelands specialising in horticulture production, municipalities near urban areas with better market proximity, those engaged in the global value chain, and those with a high proportion of farmers who own most of their farmland. Furthermore, the fractional regression results show that age, gender, race, market proximity, land use types, and production diversification are significant drivers of TFPE and its components. Our study offers insights into the divergent agricultural TFPE performance among municipalities and the underlying factors causing these disparities. The findings can inform the development of targeted strategies, particularly at the local level, aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity and making significant contributions to achieving the SDGs.

Improvement of Climate Resource Utilization in the Southwestern Hilly Region through the Construction of a New Multi-Maturing Cropping System

The construction of an appropriate cropping pattern is crucial for the improvement of regional agricultural economic efficiency and sustainable development. Despite previous efforts, there remains a gap in optimizing cropping patterns that fully leverage climate resources to enhance production efficiency. This study addresses this gap by systematically comparing the differences in climate resource allocation, production efficiency and crop response among models by constructing four new triple-maturing cropping models at typical ecological sites in the hilly areas of southwest China. To solve the above problems, we constructed eight cropping patterns and classified them to three as follows: the Traditional Double Cropping System, the Traditional Triple Cropping System, the Novel Triple Cropping System. The results showed that the new multi-maturing planting pattern was significantly better than the traditional two-maturing netting pattern and the traditional three-maturing planting pattern in terms of light, temperature and water productivity. Compared with the traditional two-maturity net cropping model and the traditional three-maturity cropping model, the new cropping model increased light energy productivity by 97.88% and 50.00%, respectively; light energy use by an average of 0.48% and 0.31%; cumulative temperature productivity by an average of 84.70% and 49.14%; and rainfall productivity by an average of 101.04% and 49.61%. An assessment of the light, temperature and water meteorological resource use efficiency of the different treatments showed that the resource use efficiency of the new multi-maturing planting pattern was on average 111.58% and 74.78% higher than that of the traditional two-maturing net planting pattern and the traditional three-maturing planting pattern, with the T6 pattern having the highest resource use efficiency. The new multi-ripening cropping pattern has demonstrated production stability in response to changes in light, temperature and water resources, better adapting to weekly climate changes, stabilizing yields and improving efficiency. In summary, the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing cropping patterns and promoting the use of climate resources in agriculture and sustainable development. Future research should focus on further refining these models, exploring their adaptability to various climatic conditions, and evaluating their long-term economic and environmental impacts.

Global mismatches between threat mapping research effort and the potential of threat abatement actions to reduce extinction risk.

Threat mapping is a necessary tool for identifying and abating direct threats to species in the ongoing extinction crisis. There are known gaps in the threat mapping literature for particular threats and geographic locations, and it remains unclear if the distribution of research effort is appropriately targeted relative to conservation need. We aimed to determine the drivers of threat mapping research effort and to quantify gaps that, if filled, could inform actions with the highest potential to reduce species' extinction risk. We used a negative binomial generalized linear model to analyze research effort as a function of threat abatement potential (quantified as the potential reduction in species extinction risk from abating threats), species richness, land area, and human pressure. The model showed that threat mapping research effort increased by 1.1 to 1.2 times per standardized unit change in threat abatement potential. However, species richness and land area were stronger predictors of research effort overall. The greatest areas of mismatch between research effort and threat abatement potential, receiving disproportionately low research effort, were related to the threats to species of agriculture, aquaculture, and biological resource use across the tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Madagascar. Conversely, the threat of linear infrastructure (e.g., roads and rails) across regions, the threat of biological resource use (e.g., hunting or collection) in sub-Saharan Africa, and overall threats in North America and Europe all received disproportionately high research effort. We discuss the range of methodological and sociopolitical factors that may be behind the overall trends and specific areas of mismatch we found. We urge a stronger emphasis on targeting research effort toward those threats and geographic locations where threat abatement activities could make the greatest contribution to reducing global species extinction risk.

Development of Circular Economy in Agriculture in Hanoi, Vietnam

The introduction of circular economy principles into closed production systems is essential to address current socio-economic and ecological challenges efficiently. This approach not only saves costs, creates job opportunities, and fosters economic growth but also promotes the sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture. Transitioning to a circular economy model in agriculture contributes to achieving sustainable development goals. In Hanoi, Vietnam, sustainable agriculture development focuses on integrating natural processes and biological resources to enhance productivity while preserving the environment. Challenges persist in shifting from conventional to organic farming methods due to certification complexities and infrastructure limitations. Despite these hurdles, organic farming adoption is increasing, positively impacting agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The gradual expansion of certified organic agriculture in Hanoi indicates promising strides toward environmental conservation and economic development through a closed-loop agricultural system.

A novel hybrid model combined with ensemble embedded feature selection method for estimating reference evapotranspiration in the North China Plain

The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key parameter in achieving sustainable use of agricultural water resources. To accurately acquire ETo under limited conditions, this study combined the northern goshawk optimization algorithm (NGO) with the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model to propose a novel NGO-XGBoost model. The performance of this model was evaluated using meteorological data from 30 stations in the North China Plain and compared with XGBoost, random forest (RF), and k nearest neighbor (KNN) models. An ensemble embedded feature selection (EEFS) method combined with the results from RF, XGBoost, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and categorical boosting (CatBoost) models is used to obtain the importance of meteorological factors in estimating ETo, and thereby determine the optimal combination of inputs to the model. The results indicated that by using the top 3, 4, and 5 important factors as input combinations, all models achieved high ETo estimation accuracy. It is worth noting that there were significant spatial differences in the estimation precisions of the four models, but the NGO-XGBoost model exhibited consistently high estimation precisions, with global performance indicator (GPI) rankings of 1st, and the range of coefficient of determination (R2), nash efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean bias error (MBE) were 0.920–0.998, 0.902–0.998, 0.078–0.623 mm d−1, 0.058–0.430 mm d−1, and −0.254–0.062 mm d−1, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy of the NGO-XGBoost model in estimating ETo varied across different seasons, which was more significantly affected by humidity and wind speed in winter. When the target station data was insufficient, the NGO-XGBoost model was trained by using the historical data from neighboring stations and still maintained a high precision. Overall, this study recommends a reliable method for estimating ETo, which provides a reference for accurately calculating ETo in the North China Plain in the absence of meteorological data.

Research on precise phenotype identification and growth prediction of lettuce based on deep learning

In recent years, precision agriculture, driven by scientific monitoring, precise management, and efficient use of agricultural resources, has become the direction for future agricultural development. The precise identification and assessment of phenotypes, which serve as external representations of a crop's growth, development, and genetic characteristics, are crucial for the realization of precision agriculture. Applications surrounding phenotypic indices also provide significant technical support for optimizing crop cultivation management and advancing smart agriculture, contributing to the efficient and high-quality development of precision agriculture.This paper focuses on lettuce and employs common nutritional stress conditions during growth as experimental settings. By collecting RGB images throughout the lettuce's complete growth cycle, we developed a deep learning-based computational model to tackle key issues in the lettuce's growth and precisely identify and assess phenotypic indices. We discovered that some phenotypic indices, including custom ones defined in this study, are representative of the lettuce's growth status. By dynamically monitoring the changes in phenotypic traits during growth, we quantitatively analyzed the accumulation and evolution of phenotypic indices across different growth stages. On this basis, a predictive model for lettuce growth and development was trained.The model incorporates MSE, SSIM, and perceptual loss, significantly enhancing the predictive accuracy of the lettuce growth images and phenotypic indices. The model trained with the reconstructed loss function outperforms the original model, with the SSIM and PSNR improving by 1.33% and 10.32%, respectively. The model also demonstrates high accuracy in predicting lettuce phenotypic indices, with an average error less than 0.55% for geometric indices and less than 1.7% for color and texture indices. Ultimately, it achieves intelligent monitoring and management throughout the lettuce's life cycle, providing technical support for high-quality and efficient lettuce production.

Study on topsoil chemical characteristics in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province for agricultural development

Researching some chemical characteristics of topsoil in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province to serve the management, planning, and reasonable use of agricultural land resources is very necessary, especially for identifying areas for growing specialty crops to convert crop purposes and improving local people’s lives. Result analysis of pHsoil, organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), major elements and trace elements from 49 topsoil samples taken at depths from 0÷20 cm on different formations in Bao Thang district, Lao Cai province shows that topsoil in Bao Thang district has pH in the slightly acidic to neutral soil group, OM and OC in moderate concentrations. The chemical composition of soil samples shows a relationship with bedrock. The geochemical characteristics of topsoils are high Fe2O3, poor to rich K2O and rich P2O5. Some trace elements in the topsoil of different fomations have lower or equivalent concentrations with those in the world’s soil and are consistent with the safety threshold of National technical regulation on soil quality (QCVN 03:2023/BTNMT), except Cr and Zn. This issue needs to be paid attention to during cultivation and agricultural production.

CONDITIONS OF CHANGES IN THE REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN POLAND

Aim: The study aimed to identify regional specialization and changes in competitiveness in the field of animal production in Poland. Methods: The analysis covered statistical data of the Central Statistical Office from 2010–2021 on a national scale and in individual voivodeships. The study used a comparative analysis of animal production in regional terms. In order to determine the specialization of the region and to analyze changes in competitiveness over time, the classic method of Shift-Share Analysis (SSA) was used. Results: Major changes are taking place in Poland in the stock of farm animals and the production of animals for slaughter. In the years 2010–2021, the pig stock decreased drastically, and the stock of cattle, especially for fattening and poultry, increased. Changes in livestock stock contributed to an increase in beef cattle and poultry production and a decrease in the production of live pigs. Conclusions: There is specialization in Poland, and the concentration of production of the most important livestock species in individual voivodeships is increasing. Specialization and concentration processes allow for more effective use of farm resources and greater competitiveness of regions. However, the accelerating concentration of production may threaten the sustainable development of agriculture and negatively affect the natural environment. Therefore, further research on the impact of specialization and concentration of animal production on food security and the natural environment is recommended.

Re-measurement and influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency under the ‘dual carbon’ target in China

Given that agriculture is both a carbon source and sink, the sustainability goals of carbon peaking and neutrality place high demands on the green and low-carbon agricultural development in China, and the exploration of a realistic path for a sustainable agricultural development is urgently needed. Under the above ‘dual carbon’ target, this study focused on the key issue of how to improve China's agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) and constructed an innovative AEE indicator system that can reflect carbon constraint and coordinated agricultural economic development, resource use and ecological environment. The super-efficient slack-based measured Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) method, which considers undesirable outputs, was applied to re-measure the AEE of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2001 to 2020, and its spatial and temporal evolution was analysed in conjunction with kernel density estimation. The Tobit regression model was used to explore various influencing factors by region. The results show that the AEE re-measurements, which take into account the 'dual carbon' requirement, are significantly better than the traditional AEE. From 2001 to 2020, China had an overall V-shaped fluctuation curve AEE, with a small decline and several inter-annual fluctuations, and exhibited a large potential to rise. China's AEE showed a spatially uneven regional development at different stages of distribution and evident multi-polar differentiation. Inter-provincial differences were observed in China's AEE, and the vicious circle of low-level green and low-carbon agricultural development was difficult to break. Urbanisation had a significant positive effect on national and eastern AEE but a significant negative effect on central AEE. The agricultural carbon offset rate had a significant effect on AEE nationally and in the three regions. Thus, the introduction of ‘dual carbon’ target effectively drove the development of AEE. Agricultural industry structure inhibited the improvement of AEE nationally and in the western region. Agricultural economic development hindered the national AEE improvement but promoted that of the central region, where China showed an environment Kuznets curve. Hopefully, this study can provide data support and theoretical reference for the green and low-carbon agricultural development and help achieve the ‘dual carbon’ target.

Farmers’ Knowledge and Perceptions in the Production of Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) for Enhanced Food Security in Kenya

Local knowledge and perceptions regarding the value of edible insects among smallholder farmers are critical to introducing such enterprises and designing effective insect productivity-enhancing interventions. However, limited studies have been done in Kenya regarding insects as agricultural enterprises, specifically in the Kilifi region. A survey was carried out among 207 smallholder farmers of coconut palm in Kilifi North and South sub-counties to assess their knowledge and perceptions about Oryctes rhinoceros as a farm enterprise. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire triangulated by key informant interviews from the Department of Agriculture, Nuts and Oil Crop Directorate, and farmer group leaders. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square test were the major analyses. Results showed farmers had adequate knowledge and positive perceptions regarding the beetle and its useful larval stage, represented by the mean of 0.97 and 3.44, respectively. The age, education level, prior exposure to training on edible insect farming, religion, and years of coconut farming of the farmers are associated with the levels of knowledge and perceived values of the Oryctes rhinoceros farming. Considering the positive knowledge levels and perceptions among Kilifi farmers, rather than focusing on general awareness creation, there is a need to enhance the access to and use of agricultural training resources to learn the importance of agricultural innovations as a tool for food insecurity alleviation through intensive processes. The extension systems need to incorporate the concepts of edible insects. This will render an innovation sustainable and useful for economically disadvantaged people. Further studies should be done among livestock feed traders and even food and feed processors to enable effective commercialisation interventions

Reducing environmental exposure to PPPs in super-high density olive orchards using UAV sprayers.

The increasing demand for optimizing the use of agricultural resources will require the adoption of cutting-edge technologies and precision farming management. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sprayers seem promising due to their potential to perform precision or spot spraying, particularly in woody crop environments where total surface spraying is unnecessary. However, incorporating this technology is limited by the lack of scientific knowledge about the environmental risks associated with UAV sprayers and the strict legal framework. Nonetheless, these spraying systems' characteristic downwash airflow and the limited swath width can potentially mitigate drift in hedgerow crops. During our study we performed comparative studies aimed to compare the airborne drift, soil, and crop depositions between a conventional orchard sprayer and a UAV sprayer in a commercial superhigh-density orchard in the South Iberian Peninsula in 2022. Our findings reveal that, in superhigh-density olive orchards, the UAV sprayer presents a substantial reduction in airborne drift, while soil depositions showed no significant differences compared to those of a conventional terrestrial orchard sprayer. Crop depositions were significantly lower when utilizing the UAV sprayer. These results suggest that introducing UAV spraying technology in Mediterranean agricultural systems, under specific scenarios, can effectively reduce the environmental impact of crop spraying and encourage the responsible use of plant protection products (PPPs).

A promising model of natural-economic diversity in the Carpathian-Podillia region in Ukraine in the context of national and regional interests


 
 
 A promising model of natural-economic diversity in the Carpathian-Podillia region in the context of national and regional interest is based on rational use of agricultural, water economy, recreation tourism, forest land, and human settlement resources. The foundation of the model was a rational, historically formed use of nature and natural resources, which are essential for the optimal functioning of the Carpathian-Podillia region in Ukraine. In the article, besides the traditional types of nature use, we analyzed new creative kinds – recreation tourism, human settlement, nature protection and others, which are currently oriented at sustaining the ecological balance in the region in order to promote optimal living and work conditions for the people. In the system of state management of the processes of nature use in Ukraine, the dominating tendency is strengthening of the regional territorial link of management, which obviously is related to ecological issues. Over the recent decades, the national spend on environmental protection has increased. The state has improved the regulations of nature use by establishing methods to identify and reverse processes of environmental pollution, as well as regulation of the mechanism of ecological expertise. The national environmental policy has attained a vector towards a sustainable nature use. One of its moving forces is legal responsibility for nature use, adoption of a number of laws of environmental protection and creation of respective institutions of state-administrative management. The expenditure on combating environmental pollution approached 2% of Ukraine’s GDP. Important components in the structure of state ecological regulation are state and foreign investments. The main capital investments in environmental protection and rational use of natural resources are car- ried out for the following spheres: rational use of water, land, forest, fishery resources; protection of atmosphere air. The greatest share of material support goes to water, land, and mineral resources.
 
 

ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПРЕЦИЗІЙНОГО ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА

One of the urgent tasks of modern agricultural production is the problem of further development of agricultural produc-tion on an innovative platform. This will increase labor productivity, save resources, reduce costs, reduce production costs, increase production efficiency and ensure food security of Ukraine, which is one of the largest producers and exporters of wheat, corn, and barley in the world. One of such technologies that can ensure high profitability of agricultural production is the precision farming system.The concept of precision farming is based on the spatial heterogeneity of soil characteristics (relief, soil-forming rocks, snow cover, influence of ground and rainwater, diversity of vegetation cover, the impact of wildlife and human activities, etc.) within one field followed by differential compensation of these differences within one field.One of the key elements of the introduction of precision farming technologies is a differentiated approach to conducting all agricultural operations in the field. At the same time, savings of fuels and lubricants, consumption of seed material, ferti-lizers, plant protection products, water, the machine and tractor park of the enterprise is more effectively used, and the impact of agriculture on the natural environment is mitigated.The purpose of the research is the technology of precision farming in general, and variable rate seeding (Variable Rate Seeding, VRS) in particular, which allow you to correctly and precisely regulate the rate of sowing agricultural crops, applying fertilizers, plant protection products, irrigation in accordance with the properties of the soil, relief, meteorological conditions and a number of other factors. This allows to optimize the use of agricultural resources for each section of the field and improve plant productivity based on data on soil structure, pH, nutrient elements and yield maps.

Ensuring Environmental Friendliness As the Main Tendency In the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex

The article discusses the possibilities of improving the manageability of agricultural production through the rational use of available land and other agricultural resources, which will increase the environmental friendliness and sustainability of agriculture in the long term. At the same time, state regulation measures should be aimed at increasing the efficiency of the rural economy, improving the quality of life of the rural population, preserving the environment, in particular soil fertility for future generations. The problem of the sustainable development and environmental friendliness of the agricultural sector are analyzed; the need to improve the state socio-economic policy and modern agrarian legislation is emphasized; the problems of ensuring the sustainability of agriculture at the state and regional levels are highlighted; the need to create an effective model for the use of natural resources in order to form sustainable relationships within the national economy; ensuring economic and food security of the country.

Advancing Sustainable Agriculture through Resource Efficiency

Efficiency in technology, distributive effectiveness, and environmental effectiveness all have the potential to be included in the general concept of "resource use efficiency in agriculture." An effective farmer distributes his resources, including labourers, water, and land, appropriately in the best possible way to enhance his revenue while minimising expenses over time. Multiple research studies, however, demonstrate that farmers frequently make inadequate use of their resources. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of various farming practices and technologies, highlighting their impact on agricultural efficiency and resource use. Also, this review investigates the incorporation of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) into agriculture, emphasising the significance of environmental and economic factors in achieving sustainable agricultural productivity. With a focus on the ASEAN region and specific case studies, it assesses how carbon emissions, deforestation, renewable energy, and biodiversity affect farming efficiencies. The paper underscores the value of biodiversity, including underutilized and neglected species, and the potential of IoT and associated technologies to enhance agricultural operations. Moreover, it discusses about how resource optimization models can be used to increase agricultural yields and address environmental issues. A fundamental necessity for strategic management of water resources and joint utilization of water resources to support sustainable agriculture is also emphasized in the evaluation.