ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ПРЕЦИЗІЙНОГО ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА

Abstract

One of the urgent tasks of modern agricultural production is the problem of further development of agricultural produc-tion on an innovative platform. This will increase labor productivity, save resources, reduce costs, reduce production costs, increase production efficiency and ensure food security of Ukraine, which is one of the largest producers and exporters of wheat, corn, and barley in the world. One of such technologies that can ensure high profitability of agricultural production is the precision farming system.The concept of precision farming is based on the spatial heterogeneity of soil characteristics (relief, soil-forming rocks, snow cover, influence of ground and rainwater, diversity of vegetation cover, the impact of wildlife and human activities, etc.) within one field followed by differential compensation of these differences within one field.One of the key elements of the introduction of precision farming technologies is a differentiated approach to conducting all agricultural operations in the field. At the same time, savings of fuels and lubricants, consumption of seed material, ferti-lizers, plant protection products, water, the machine and tractor park of the enterprise is more effectively used, and the impact of agriculture on the natural environment is mitigated.The purpose of the research is the technology of precision farming in general, and variable rate seeding (Variable Rate Seeding, VRS) in particular, which allow you to correctly and precisely regulate the rate of sowing agricultural crops, applying fertilizers, plant protection products, irrigation in accordance with the properties of the soil, relief, meteorological conditions and a number of other factors. This allows to optimize the use of agricultural resources for each section of the field and improve plant productivity based on data on soil structure, pH, nutrient elements and yield maps.