Use Of FACTS Devices Research Articles

Application of static thyristor compensators to increase the reliability of distribution networks

Currently, the use of FACTS devices for voltage regulation and optimal control of electric power system modes is widely used. Controlled FACTS devices, based on power electronics, allow obtaining the desired characteristic of not only power transmission, but also a dedicated part of the electrical system. The paper presents the results of a study of the operating modes of a real distribution network, taking into account the installation of a static thyristor compensator (STC), in order to increase its operating reliability. The efficiency of distribution networks in and the area of existence of modes significantly depend on the installation location and the law of power control of compensating devices. To solve this problem, a systems approach based on graph theory methods is proposed. The conditions for stabilizing nodal voltages to reduce total active power losses in the electrical network are studied. The ranges of change in the required powers with the corresponding STC control laws are determined to ensure a minimum of total power loss in the network

Optimized Multi Agent System for Stability Enhancement of Inter Connected Power System

Due to the rising use of renewable energy sources and the use of contemporary power electronic equipment, power system stability has become a major challenge in current power systems. Controlling the power system characteristics can increase the stability of the power system. The traditional techniques for improving power system stability, such as the use of FACTS devices, are costly and may not be effective in handling the dynamic changes of the power system. As a result, by optimizing the power system parameters, an optimization-based multi-agent system can improve the stability of the power system. The Grey Wolf Optimizer based Multi Agent System (GWO-MAS) is proposed in this paper to improve power system stability. The control agents of Distributed Generations (DGs) are optimized using GWO algorithm based on the deviations in frequencies of DGs. Particle Swarm Optimization based Multi Agent System (PSO-MAS) and Conventional Multi Agent System performance are compared with the suggested technique's implementation on IEEE 30 bus system and testing in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The outcomes showed that the suggested approach is successfully improving the stability of an interconnected power system.

Optimized FACTS Devices for Power System Enhancement: Applications and Solving Methods

The use of FACTS devices in power systems has become increasingly popular in recent years, as they offer a number of benefits, including improved voltage profile, reduced power losses, and increased system reliability and safety. However, determining the optimal type, location, and size of FACTS devices can be a challenging optimization problem, as it involves mixed integer, nonlinear, and nonconvex constraints. To address this issue, researchers have applied various optimization techniques to determine the optimal configuration of FACTS devices in power systems. The paper provides an in-depth and comprehensive review of the various optimization techniques that have been used in published works in this field. The review classifies the optimization techniques into four main groups: classical optimization techniques, metaheuristic methods, analytic methods, and mixed or hybrid methods. Classical optimization techniques are conventional optimization approaches that are widely used in optimization problems. Metaheuristic methods are stochastic search algorithms that can be effective for nonconvex constraints. Analytic methods involve sensitivity analysis and gradient-based optimization techniques. Mixed or hybrid methods combine different optimization techniques to improve the solution quality. The paper also provides a performance comparison of these different optimization techniques, which can be useful in selecting an appropriate method for a specific problem. Finally, the paper offers some advice for future research in this field, such as developing new optimization techniques that can handle the complexity of the optimization problem and incorporating uncertainties into the optimization model. Overall, the paper provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of power systems optimization, as it summarizes the various optimization techniques that have been used to solve the FACTS optimization problem and provides insights into their performance and applicability.

A study of UPQC: emerging mitigation techniques for the impact of recent power quality issues

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to help the researchers, public, industries and government to realize the tremendous trends to improve the power quality of both sources and load side.Design/methodology/approachThe work carried out in the Facts device and power quality issues.FindingsMaintaining the quality of electric power is always a challenging task. The effect of power electronics devices leads to improper power quality. The use of FACTS devices is preferably the best approach to treat power-quality-related problems. Usually, all FACTS devices are constructed to operate on the side of either the source side or the load.Originality/valueThis paper explores a broad comprehensive study of various types of power quality problems and classification of FACTS devices with its recent developments. Furthermore unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is particularly reviewed to highlight the advantages over other compensating devices. An exhaustive study of literature has been carried out and most significant concepts are presented

Simulation modeling of the power supply system of the coal mine excavation area with facts devices

The introduction of technologies for active-adaptive control of the operating modes of the power supply systems of coal mines can contribute to an increase in the energy efficiency of coal mining. High-response FACTS devices of the second generation can be used for dynamic reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and limitation of current and voltage harmonic components in conditions of sharply variable electrical loads of mining machines at a breakage face. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of FACTS devices in the power supply systems of coal mines can be performed using simulation methods.This article discusses the main approaches to the development of a simulation model of a power supply system of a coal mine, mining equipment and FACTS devices. The main results of modeling the joint operation of mining machines are shown. Conclusions about the effectiveness of the use of FACTS devices in the extraction area of a coal mine are made.

Enhancement of Power Transfer Capacity and Transmission Efficiency using SSSC

The power demand is increasing globally at a higher rate than the possible increase in the generation. The increased demand requierements put additional burdon on the existing transmission lines and sometimes burdoned beyond their power carrying capacities. Increase in power demand either due modernization of power system, industrialization leads to congestion problem and abruptly affects the stable and reliable operation of power system. Redesign and reconstruction of power system according to load requirements everytime is not an economical and viable solution. Other possible solution to the problem is use of FACTS devices. The use of FACTS devices the problems like increase in load demand, high losses in transmission line and dip in receiving end voltage can be eliminated or easily tackeled. In this paper, Static Synchronous Series Compensator as one of FACTS device has been used for improvement of voltage profile of different buses and power carrying capacity of the transmission lines. The main objective of this paper is to make a comparative investigation between compensated and uncompensated power system in terms of enhancement of power carrying capacity with low losses and improvement of voltage profiles of buses in the transmission network. The performance of uncompensated power system has been compared with compensated power system with the use of MATLAB/ Simulink software.

Application of FACTS Devices in Power Supply Systems of Coal Mines

In this article, the authors discuss the use of FACTS devices in coal mine power systems. The problems of reactive power compensation and the disadvantages of regulatory and technical documentation regarding the use of modern reactive power compensation devices are considered. The main types of FACTS devices that can be used in coal mines are identified. The scientific publications in the field of application of FACTS devices in power supply systems of industrial enterprises are analyzed. The cost indicators of FACTS devices are considered and conclusions are drawn on the theoretical technical and economic efficiency of using FACTS devices in mine conditions.

Use of FACTS Devices for Improvement of Voltage Profile in Power System

Use of FACTS Devices for Improvement of Voltage Profile in Power System

Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator based Optimal Reallocation of Generators for Contingency Management

Privatization of the power industry has made proper utilization of the available resources a compulsory requirement. Optimal power flow (OPF) is an ideal solution to the problem. At the same time, stable operation of the power systems in both normal and contingency condition is of vital importance. Use of FACTS devices is a good method to stop further contingencies in the power system. In this paper, a combined index based strategy for the optimal placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and optimal tuning of generators using Krill Herd Algorithm has been proposed for contingency management. The contingency analysis has been done using a new method, namely, rapid contingency ranking technique (RCRT). The TCSC has been placed on the basis of an index which is a combination of Line Utilization Factor (LUF) and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI). A multi-objective function has been chosen for tuning the generators. The multi-objective function includes voltage deviation, active power generation cost and transmission line loss. The proposed method has been tested and implemented on an IEEE 30 bus system.
 Privatization of the power industry has made proper utilization of the available resources a compulsory requirement. Optimal power flow (OPF) is an ideal solution to the problem. At the same time, stable operation of the power systems in both normal and contingency condition is of vital importance. Use of FACTS devices is a good method to stop further contingencies in the power system. In this paper, a combined index based strategy for the optimal placement of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and optimal tuning of generators using Krill Herd Algorithm has been proposed for contingency management. The contingency analysis has been done using a new method, namely, rapid contingency ranking technique (RCRT). The TCSC has been placed on the basis of an index which is a combination of Line Utilization Factor (LUF) and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI). A multi objective function has been chosen for tuning the generators. The multi-objective function includes voltage deviation, active power generation cost and transmission line loss. The proposed method has been tested and implemented on an IEEE 30 bus system.

Load Curtailment Sensitivity Indices Through Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller

The optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the key tasks to be performed in the complicated operation and planning of a power system. Directing the power in such a way that the lightly loaded branches are loaded to reduce the system load curtailment is an option which can be achieved by making use of FACTS devices. This paper proposes a set of load curtailment sensitivity indices for optimal placement of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in power system network. An OPF formulation considering the minimization of load curtailment requirement as an objective has been developed in this paper to study the impact of optimal placement of UPFC. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been tested on IEEE-14 bus test system. The obtained results have been presented in terms of change in system load curtailment with respect to changes in UPFC controller parameters for the best location. The optimal location of UPFC in a line has been decided based on the calculated sensitivity indices. Conclusion is made on different results to see the benefit of UPFC in power system.

Available transfer capability enhancement with FACTS using Cat Swarm Optimization

Abstract Determination and enhancement of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) are important issues in deregulated operation of power systems. This paper investigates the use of FACTS devices, such as SVC and TCSC, to maximize power transfer transactions during normal and contingency situations. ATC is computed using Continuation Power Flow (CPF) method considering both the thermal limits and voltage profile. Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) is used as an optimization tool to determine the location and controlling parameters of SVC and TCSC. The suggested methodology is tested on IEEE 14-bus system and also on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system for normal and different contingency cases.

Adaptive distance protection setting in presence of mid-point STATCOM using synchronized measurement

Abstract EHV and HV transmission lines are used widely to transfer power from power generating area to large load centers. Nowadays compensating devices which uses modern power electronic devices are mostly used to improve the power transfer capability of transmission lines. Use of FACTS devices in transmission lines affect protection system very drastically. In this paper, the issues related with distance protection of transmission lines with STATCOM connected at mid-point are addressed. To mitigate the problems associated with distance protection, a novel algorithm based on synchronized measurement for adaptive relay setting is proposed. The power system is modeled in EMTDC/PSCAD software with frequency dependent model of transmission line. The results obtained for the new adaptive setting scheme are accurate, robust and superior in comparison with those obtained from existing distance protection schemes for transmission line with STATCOM.

Coordinated Design of Output Feedback PSS and UPFC Controllers for Enhancing Dynamic Stability of Power System

This paper presents a new method for Coordination of UPFC controllers. UPFC is one of the most important FACTS devices which have many applications include damping low-frequency oscillations, transient stability enhancement, active power and reactive power integrated control. Designing the appreciate controller for these devices has a major role in enhancing the stability and damping the oscillations. Using the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is one of the most important methods for damping low-frequency oscillation which is economically efficient. In recent years, with the development of power electronics, the use of FACTS devices is one of the main strategies for damping low-frequency oscillations. Designing appropriate controllers for these devices has a major role in enhancing the stability and oscillation damping. In this study a new method based on output feedback is proposed for Designing UPFC controller. In this method input of the system expressed in terms of available outputs, so with the right choice of the output feedback gain of the target the system, it become stable. The output feedback gain are designed and compared for various UPFC and PSS controllers.

Solving Optimal Power Flow Using Modified Bacterial Foraging Algorithm Considering FACTS Devices

In this paper, a new Modified Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (MBFA) method is developed to incorporate FACTS devices in optimal power flow (OPF) problem. This method can provide an enhanced economic solution with the use of controllable FACTS devices. Two types of FACTS devices, thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSC) and Static VAR Compensator (SVC) are considered in this method. The basic bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) is an evolutionary optimization technique inspired by the foraging behavior of the E. coli bacteria. The strategy of the OPF problem is decomposed in two sub-problems, the first sub-problem related to active power planning to minimize the fuel cost function, and the second sub-problem designed to make corrections to the voltage deviation and reactive power violation based in an efficient reactive power planning of multi Static VAR Compensator (SVC). The specified power flow control constraints due to the use of FACTS devices are included in the OPF problem. The proposed method decomposes the solution of such modified OPF problem into two sub problems’ iteration. The first sub problem is a power flow control problem and the second sub problem is a modified Bacterial foraging algorithm (MBFA) OPF problem. The two sub problems are solved iteratively until convergence. Case studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Enhancement of ATC with FACTS devices using Real-code Genetic Algorithm

Determination and enhancement of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) are important issues in deregulated operation of power systems. This paper investigates the use of FACTs devices, like SVC and TCSC, to maximize power transfer transactions during normal and contingency situations. ATC is computed using Continuation Power Flow (CPF) method considering both thermal limits and voltage profile. Real-code Genetic Algorithm (RGA) is used as an optimization tool to determine the location and controlling parameters of SVC and TCSC. The suggested methodology is tested on IEEE 14-bus system and also on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system for normal and different contingency cases.

Placement of FACTS devices for minimisation of voltage sag induced financial losses in Indian distribution systems

Voltage sags and supply interruptions cause major economic loss due to loss of production or data; there is also a loss of market, client trust, comfort, etc. This incites consumers to implement mitigation device for their systems. Many solutions exist to minimise financial losses caused due to voltage sag, varying from modification within the industrial process itself to restructuring the supplying grid. In many cases, the only possibility to minimise financial losses is to install mitigation devices between the grid and the sensitive process. Use of FACTS devices has generally provided efficient solution to voltage sag problems in industry. This paper, therefore proposes a simple methodology for the placement of FACTS devices in distribution systems to reduce voltage sag induced financial losses. Two types of FACTS devices, D-STATCOM and SVC have been considered for the analysis. Case studies based on a real Indian distribution system are used to illustrate the modelling method, and the effectiveness of these devices for voltage sag mitigation.