Use Of Endogenous Resources Research Articles

ESTRATÉGIAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE ECOSSISTEMAS DE EMPREENDEDORISMO E INOVAÇÃO: FRAMEWORK CONCEITUAL A PARTIR DE CASOS PORTUGUESES

In this exploratory study with a qualitative approach, the process and strategies for the formation of entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems were analyzed in territories of low demographic density, starting from the projects: Vale do Tejo Technology Park, Living Lab Beira da Cova and Habitat of Business Innovation in the Strategic Sectors, respectively, in Abrantes, Fundão and Penela (Portugal). Interviews were carried out with nine social actors linked to the projects and the content analysis technique was used with support from the NVivo software. Based on empirical analysis and literature review, a conceptual framework was developed for the formation of entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems, where the following strategies were outlined: (i) urban rehabilitation programs, (ii) fostering the culture of hospitality; (iii) increased use of endogenous resources, (iv) quality of life, (v) qualification of human resources and (vi) support for entrepreneurship and innovation. It is noteworthy that the proposed framework can contribute to the guidance of public policies and the development of entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems in low-density territories.

Financial Condition of Local Government in Poland vs StructuralReforms of Municipal Government in Scandinavian States

The authors have undertaken an analysis of the phenomenon of debt of local government units in Poland. It is a dynamic phenomenon, which affects vast majority of municipalities and districts. A barrier to debt expansion has been established in the form of the Individual Debt Index (IOI), which has been in place since 2014 and its new elements entered into force on 1 January 2020. The structure of the index is intended to allow regional accounting chambers (RIO) to control the process and prevent its progression. The authors indicate, however, that the main problem for local self-government units is insufficient own income, which forces them to increase the pool of funds transferred from the central budget to self-governments in the form of grants and subventions and to look for various forms of loans for their activities. Using the experience of the Scandinavian countries, the authors propose to start territorial and resource consolidation reforms of small local government units – municipalities and districts. The aim is to facilitate better use of endogenous resources of territorial self-government units and use of economies of scale related to local economy and social resources. This should result, as in Scandinavia, in the development of public entrepreneurship, higher social efficiency and effectiveness, and stabilisation of the income of individual units. After more than 20 years of operation, small local government units in Poland have become structurally and functionally obsolete and do not guarantee modern development of local communities.

Strategy for the Development of Tourism as a Tool for Planning at a Local Level: the Example of Karlino Commune (West Pomeranian Voivodeship)

The study aims to analyse the correlation between planning tourism development at the local level and the development of the space that is being planned. Another goal is to determine the role of the local authorities (of the Karlino commune – gmina) in the implementation of strategic activities and the integration of various local beneficiaries around such activities. Further it will analyse how elaborating and implementing tourism development strategies may contribute to the local tourism economy and indicates the role and place of strategic planning in the process of creating and developing the tourist potential of a commune with particular emphasis on Karlino. The paper also discusses the tourism policy of Karlino’s local government as well as the strategic goals to be implemented and indicates its tourism development directions. The following research methods have been applied: expert method, observation method (using the inventory technique, physical inventory of the elements of the analysed space and actions taken), monographic method, document research, diagnostic survey analysis (using the survey technique of institutions from the examined area: Karlino commune, the communes of the Białogard powiat, the municipalities of the Association of Towns and Communes in the Parsęta Valley), and a critical literature review. The case of Karlino commune and its strategic activities in the field of tourism indicates that planning constitutes one of the most effective tools for local development. Such activity particularly shows that the commune can and wants to direct its socio-economic development based on optional (rather than obligatory) activities focused around the strategic use of endogenous resources. The paper indicates strategic action directions based on an inventory of such available endogenous resources. It shows how the local tourism economy may benefit from a tourism development strategy.

Mushroom Fungus Production (Pleurotus Ostreatus) in Residue Agroindustrial (Maguey Bagasse) in Villa Sola de Vega as an Alternative for Local Development

This project proposes the use of bagasse for the production of mushroom fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus), as a source of substrate in order to take advantage of the waste generated in the production of mezcal. It took place in Villa Sola de Veja, Oaxaca. Mushroom fungus is considered to be a nutritional supplement with a high nutrition value. For the production was considered the bagasse of Maguey, because in this community there is production of mezcal and waste is not used. This activity contributes to the generation of employment, the use of endogenous resources. The project was carried out in two phases; In the first, the methodology of Dr. Roberto Hernández Sampieri was applied, the second was selected the substrate of Maguey bagasse, pasteurisation of the substrate, sowing, incubation of the mycelium, irrigation, harvesting and commercialization of mushroom fungus. Under these circumstances, 93 kilograms in three cuts were obtained for two months, at a price of $100.00 per kilogram. For which an investment of $2,721.26 was required, with production costs $4,587.00, generating sales of $9,300.00, recovering the investment in the first production period, in such a way that the profits correspond to $1,991.74. As a conclusion we have to continue the project EM a second period the profits increases to $4,713.00, since only the costs of production will be covered, in this way there is an economic, social and environmental equilibrium that improves the living conditions of families and the environment.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS WITH DIVERSIFIED NATURAL POTENTIAL

The article assesses the natural conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, which is the basic determinant of the multifunctional development of a given territory. Achieving the objective formulated in this way, the answers to the following questions were sought: how do natural conditions, especially those considered valuable in terms of nature, affect the development of entrepreneurship – the dynamics and the structure of enterprises; do they favour diversification of economic entities and multifunctional development; how does the development of entrepreneurship translate into the use of endogenous resources of a given territory, into social processes (migration, unemployment, average wages)? The research (2012-2017) covered the region of Podkarpacie, with particular emphasis on counties with the highest and lowest share of natural value areas. The delimitation of counties was performed with the use of the complete linkage method, which allows one to distinguish subsets characterized by high internal similarity due to the adopted features. The research showed that natural values did not constitute an asset for the multifunctional development of these areas. This concerns both the development of the SME sector (the dynamics of the sector is lower than in the whole region and the compared group of counties) and the use of environmental values for the development of organic production - a clear decrease in the number of farms and the area of organic crops. The consequence of this is limited use of endogenous potential – high unemployment and high migration. This demonstrates the low effectiveness of cohesion policy and carries a high risk of depopulation of these areas, with all the complexity of such a process.

A Case Study of Local Community Development and Citizen Participation in Cuba: A Comprehensive Neighbourhood Transformation Approach

The comprehensive neighbourhood transformation approach of planning in the Havana Historian's Office is a case study of local community development in the capital of Cuba. The study is justified by its relevance and timeliness of the issues found in community development and its implications in people and place wellbeing, especially in the most disadvantaged sectors of Cuban society. It seeks to analyse the improvement of life conditions in achieving social inclusion, citizen participation in community. A theoretical analysis of community development and local development within a community capital approach is provided. The experiences of the comprehensive neighbourhood transformation workshops constitute an important contribution to the local/community development process. The use of endogenous resources for managing human, social, political, natural and cultural capital ensures sustainable community development and innovative methodologies for community planning.

The geoportal as strategy for sustainable development

Ecuador is committed to venturing into the local development model based on the adequate use of endogenous resources and human potential in the community scenario; but the lack of reliable information associated with the inventory and availability of these resources in the localities does not favor the integrated participation of local actors in the planning and management of social development. The work shows what is related to the design and proposal of a geoportal for sustainable development in the province of Manabi, Ecuador, based on a geographic information system that provides georeferenced data on inventories of indigenous resources and information related to technological variables that can be applied for its use. The multilayer technical design of the geoweb is exposed, which includes a map server capable of performing the georeferenced data service depending on the user's interest. The concept of development and its evolution up to the present moment is analyzed, exposing the development strategy received by the government in recent years and where an important space is foreseen for the realization of sustainable local development policies. The relevance of geographic information systems and geoweb is analyzed and some examples related to the proposed geoportal are exposed.

Rural development policy and local governance: Implementing the Leader axis in South-eastern Peloponnese-Greece

The new model of agricultural policy in Europe, applied through the Rural Development Programmes (RDPs), has been considered most appropriate for the case of Greece, given the structural problems of this country’s farm sector (including the high proportion of mountainous, less favoured areas in its territory) and the need for mild forms of local development, which will ensure maximum use of endogenous resources. An integral part of the rural development policy of the CAP is a decentralized type of governance, based on a ‘bottom-up’ approach and implemented through the LEADER programs. Within this context, regional and local actors, state, private or representing civil society organizations are assigned a substantial role in designing and implementing RDPs in their localities through the creation of horizontal or vertical synergies. Though the LEADER philosophy can be instrumental in the successful application of RDPs in Greek rural regions, it has been rather little researched and investigated. This paper aims at filling this gap in the literature by examining the possibilities of introducing the bottom up approach in the governance of rural regions in Greece, where the old-type ‘sectoral’ (vs. the holitistic development) approach continues to dominate agricultural policy and where local decisions have traditionally (and certainly in the last 30 years or so) been controlled and directed by the central state. A crucial question is can the LEADER type of governance help in the regeneration of the country-side promoting internal cohesion in Greece? The issues discussed in the paper assume further significance in view of the current financial and economic crisis, and the wave of return migration to rural areas it has led to, which assigns rural regions a substantial role in the overall development process.

”Slow City” as a Local Development Model

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The goal of the article is to characterize the “slow city” model, its assumptions, conditions and effects of its implementation in Polish conditions. It also aims to present intelligent solutions in using own resources of small cities. Materials and methods: The article was based on the study and synthesis of Polish and foreign literature and a review of strategic documents of Polish cities belonging to Cittaslow. Results: The article fills the existing gap in the area of contemporary strategies for the development of small towns. It describes the “slow city” model, on the basis of which small cities belonging to the Cittaslow city network are developing. Intelligent solutions in the use of endogenous own resources of small cities are also presented. Conclusions: The analysis carried out made it possible to state that the “slow city” model is useful in the development of small towns. It guarantees optimal and intelligent use of endogenous resources of a small town. However, the review of the strategic documents of the cities of “slow city” shows that these cities affect, like most small cities, negative socio-economic phenomena.

Portugal's Minho–Lima Region as a Tourist Destination: Tourism Operators' Attitudes towards its Management and Promotion

The success of tourism development depends on the capacity of a region's tourism agents to establish and sustain networks, involving both private-sector companies and the public sector. Creating an attractive destination able to compete with others that are better positioned and consolidated requires cooperative behaviour among the various agents involved. This behaviour will facilitate both external and internal competition, which in turn will assure better product quality, continuous product renewal, a strong offer of unique experiences and the efficient use of endogenous resources. In this paper, the authors discuss the results of a survey of restaurant owners and of interviews conducted with the main institutional agents concerned with tourism promotion and the economic development of the Minho–Lima region. Such an approach, the authors argue, can be valuable in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the area in question with regard to future tourism development. The authors work from the premise that the commitment of tourism agents constitutes a precondition for the success of the strategy to be defined. This is especially applicable to Minho–Lima, which to date has suffered from an absence of commitment and coordination on the part of those agents.

IWRM concept for the Cuvelai Basin in northern Namibia

This paper presents main findings of a feasibility study for a joint transdisciplinary project to strengthen the implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Cuvelai Basin, northern Namibia. The region is characterised by seasonal alterations of droughts and heavy rainfall, mostly saline groundwater and a lack of permanent rivers. Difficult local conditions pose a great challenge for water supply against the background of high population density. Currently, most drinking water of the area is withdrawn from the Kunene River at the Angolan border and transported through a canal and pipeline scheme. However, it is expected that this infrastructure will be put at risk due to increasing water demand on both the Namibian and Angolan side. By integrating social-ecological as well as technical aspects IWRM may be instrumental in mitigating these problems. The aim to identify alternative water sources and create a multi-resource mix will be approached by strengthening the use of endogenous resources alongside with demand-oriented water and land management. Technologies considered have to be adapted to the local situation, not only concerning technological constraints but also concerning social and ecological factors. Furthermore, the implementation of technology must be integrated into the institutional and administrative processes of resource management as well as into the social, economic and ecological conditions of water use. Taking these conditions into account, actions and measures require clear and efficient organisation, implementation and participatory structures. They also call for a combined approach from natural, engineering and social sciences leading to a transdisciplinary research and development process. This paper aims to identify the design and conceptualisation of an IWRM which is adapted to the specific regional conditions.

Sustainable use of endogenous touristic resources of rural areas: two portuguese case studies

Resumen es: La evidencia empirica muestra que el turismo puede mostrarse como una contribucion real al desarrollo regional y, en el caso de territorios remotos y ec...