Use Of Emoji Research Articles

Employment of Emoji in social awareness advertising campaigns

The emoticons “the emoji” are considered a form of visual, non-verbal communication that emerged recently with the development of online communications and social media apps. Emojis are small shapes and icons that express feelings that are transmitted and circulated faster than writing. They are the closest description of the person’s emotional state and mood, and they have also evolved to include animal shapes, tools, country flags, and others. Emojis have become of great communication importance, especially for the contemporary generation, which prompted advertising brands, interested in keeping pace with the modern age in communicating with the audiences, as an innovative method that includes fun, entertainment and persuasion in the context of the technological, communication and expressive changes of the era, especially since consumers are exposed to many advertisements every day, so it takes more effort to attract attention. This research discussing about these emojis, their definition, their history, how to employ them in the field of advertising for many brands, and the possibility of using them in community awareness campaigns, especially on social media. The methodology based on a theoretical study and then analysis of several models of Egyptian awareness campaigns, and conducting practical experience using the emoji as a new innovative idea for the same campaign and measures its effectiveness. The research found that emojis include a great deal of simple, innovative and modern, which contributes to its effectiveness and gives a modern impression about the advertiser or the brand. The use of emoji in societal issues also provides a lot of phrases, tips and instructions with familiar symbols that contribute to delivering the message in a modern, innovative and fast way

Attitudes, Emotions, and the Use of Emoji in Social Networking Apps by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

Attitudes, Emotions, and the Use of Emoji in Social Networking Apps by Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

How do consumers use emoji in a food‐related context? Insights for the design and interpretation of emoji questionnaires

AbstractThe present research contributed to the growing body of research regarding the use of emoji in sensory and consumer research by filling an acknowledged knowledge gap. Its specific aim was to explore the meaning of emoji in a food‐related context. The empirical approach involved 357 consumers who were tasked with writing a social media post or text message relating to a situation involving eating/drinking which was to be centered around a specific emoji. A total of 21 facial emoji were included in the research. As expected, emoji were used to convey different meanings, including degree of liking/disliking, emotional associations, gestures and expressions. The emoji were also used as part of messages describing negative and positive disconfirmation of expectations, which points to the importance of measuring expectations in a food‐related context. Two emoji were identified as unsuitable for future research due to their nonconsensual meaning ( and ).Practical ApplicationsEmoji have significant potential as a research tool, stretching beyond cross‐cultural research or studies involving children, to general applications in food‐related consumer research. This is further enhanced by their versatility which includes use in emotion questionnaires, open‐ended questions and web‐scraped content. The present research provides recommendations for the design of emoji questionnaires, as well as insights on emoji meanings in a food‐related context. Results also highlight the relevance of negative and positive disconfirmation of expectations in shaping emotional associations with eating/drinking experiences, and, as such, serve as a reminder to include these important determinants of consumer behavior in future emotion‐focused research.

The Use of Emoji in International Communication: A Cultural Bridge for Businesses or a Potential Pitfall

There is a new form of communication entering the international business world and the legal environment. It is the Emoji. It has been embraced across the globe by millennials. There are 26 million US persons entering the business community this year alone for whom the emoji is an essential communications tool. That number is matched in multiples by other countries. We must anticipate and incorporate this new mode and method of communication into our international legal structure, or we will ultimately make our legal system less effective in the global business community driving a communications wedge between our society and the rest of the world.

The Emoji Linguistic Functions on Facebook Interactions among Undergraduate Students at Jadara University in Jordan

This study has made use of a mixed mode design where two instruments are employed namely a corpus based tool and a questionnaire. For three months, the researchers have observed Raseef Jadara Facebook website in order to explore the use of emoji in posts and comments. The results showed that five functions were emerged from the data collected, emotive, conative, phatic, poetic, referential and metalingual. Descriptive statistics were used in conducting a questionnaire in order to show the differences between male and female students in using emoji. The results showed that females prefer using emoji in their chatting or messaging. The researchers suggest further studies to be carried out on the language functions of emoji in other social media platforms Furthermore. It is recommended for other studies to be directed into investigating all language functions.

Emoji ve Sözsüz İletişim: Sosyal Ağ Siteleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Bu çalışmada, emojilere odaklanarak sözsüz iletişim olgusu araştırılmıştır. Araştırmacı temel olarak araştırma topluluğunun hangi sosyal ağ sitelerini daha sık kullandığını belirlemek için beş sosyal ağ sitesini (SNS) - (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat ve Twitter ) incelemiştir. Bununla birlikte, çalışmada emoji kullanımındaki cinsiyet eşitsizliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada bu amaca ulaşmak için nicel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kişilerarası iletişim teorisi araştırmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, araştırma topluluğunun önemli bir kısmının (%48.93) WhatsApp emojilerinin en sık kullanılan emojiler olduğunu ve bunu Facebook’un emojilerinin takip ettiğini düşündüğünü göstermektedir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda kadınların ve erkeklerin emojileri eşit olarak kullandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların %50,35’ini temsil eden 71 erkek ve %49,65’ini temsil eden 70 kadın katılımcı; iletişim amacıyla, eşit derecede emoji kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışma emojilerin, internet kullanıcılarının bilgisayar aracılı, özellikle sözel olmayan iletişimde uzmanlıklarını sergiledikleri kanallar olduğu sonucuna varmıştır; bununla birlikte bu araştırma alanında daha fazla bilimsel araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir. The study explored the phenomenon of nonverbal communication with its focus on emoji. Basically, the researcher examined five social networking sites (SNS) - (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter) in order to ascertain which of the SNS the research population uses emoji more often. Furthermore, the researcher explored the gender disparity in the use of emoji. The study employed the quantitative research method to achieve this end, precisely the survey technique. The hyperpersonal communication theory underpins and guides the research. Findings from the study indicate that a considerable number of the research population (48.93%) considers WhatsApp’s emojis as the most often used, followed by Facebook. Analysis of data further revealed that both genders- male and female use emoji evenly. The male, 71 respondents representing 50.35% use emoji and 70 respondents; that is, 49.65% of the female equally use emoji for communication purposes. The study concludes that emojis are conduit pipes through which Internet users display their expertise in the manoeuvering of computer-mediated communication, specifically nonverbal communication; hence, researchers indicate that this calls for further scholarly investigation in this research domain.

Функционирование графических объектов в новогодних пожеланиях (по материалам Владивостокского дерева желаний - 2020)

The paper aims to identify specificity of the graphic objects functioning in the Russian-language New Year messages. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author introduces linguistic material gathered in Vladivostok in 2020 into scientific circulation and traces evolution of natural written speech under the influence of Internet communication: active use of emoji, which serve to accentuate meaningful text fragments. The article describes types of graphic objects, identifies frequency of their usage in New Year messages, establishes correlation of graphic objects and exclamation marks and shows that choice of graphic objects is pragmatically conditioned. The conclusion is made that active use of graphic objects indicates changes in natural written speech.

Emoji in open‐ended questions: A novel use in product research with consumers

AbstractThe aim of this work was to explore the inclusion of emoji in open‐ended descriptions in food‐related consumer research. A total of 119 consumers evaluated six samples of chocolates of different flavors using an open‐ended question with the option of including emoji if desired. A list of 39 emoji were available to include in the responses. The great majority of the participants used emoji to describe at least one of the chocolate samples. Although up to 12 emoji were used in product descriptions, the great majority of responses included one or two emoji. Emoji were mainly used to emphasize information that was also expressed in the text, but in 20% of the responses that included emoji at least part of the meaning was conveyed exclusively by emoji. Furthermore, emoji were used to convey a wide range of meanings, from hedonic reactions to the product to emotional and conceptual associations.Practical ApplicationsThis research presents a new methodological variant of open‐ended questions, in which participants are given the option to include emoji in their product descriptions. Results showed that consumers indeed use emoji in their responses to convey a wide range of meanings, which suggests that this alternative is probably regarded as “natural” and could enhance consumer engagement during product evaluation. Hence, the use of emoji in open‐ended questions seems to be a good methodological alternative.

An Analysis of Whatsapp Emoji in Business Interactions between a Malaysian SME and the Turkish Counterparts

Social media usage such as Twitter, Whatsapp, and Instagram are widely used by individuals around the globe. Entrepreneurs are among those who use social media as their platforms in selling and marketing their items. Particularly in WhatsApp communication, there are various functions of emoji in social networking that offer various messaging features. The purposes of this study were to identify the usage of emoji in WhatsApp business interactions and to types of emoji employed among Malaysian Small and Medium enterprises (SME) and his Turkish counterparts. This study used Content Analysis to make interpretations about the emoji found in conversational messages between the entrepreneurs in their business interactions. The findings revealed that the Malaysian participant was more technology savvy when it came to the use of emoji compared to his Turkish business counterparts. Thus, the WhatsApp emoji provides a non-verbal communication and other functions in business interaction. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the use of emoji should be encouraged among entrepreneurs and customers to create a cheerful and customer-friendly atmosphere. Additionally, WhatsApp features should be used by both businesses and consumers to promote business processes and help readers understand the meaning of their communications.

FEATURES OF THE USE OF EMODIA IN THE STUDY OF HUMANITARIAN DISCIPLINES AT THE EXAMPLE OF HISTORY

This article deals with the potential to use emoji in the studying process. The purpose of the article is a determination of the potential for use of emoji in the educational process as a partial substitute of the traditional text. There were used the following methods to solve the desired goal: the analysis of the scientific works regarding the matters under the inquiry, synthesis of ideas; generalization of the own pedagogical experience; method for description of the interactive forms of teaching during seminars and lessons in secondary school. The author of this article created the algorithm to use emoji in the history classes at school and university. According to the results of poll among pupils and students emoji is more popular in secondary school. During the classes emoji can be used in various ways: partial emoji translation of the text; emoji testing; quest; using emoji in literary Internet projects. Using emoji has methodical, psychological and technical advantages such as the decrease of the volume of the educational material; the increase of the emotional interest of pupils and students; the development of the logical and associative thinking; conducting classes by dint of smartphones and messengers; distance learning. Using emoji in the studying process engages not only innovation technologies, but also higher nervous system of person, the language of symbolic logic.

Tweet with a smile: The selection and use of emoji on Twitter in the Netherlands and England

Emoji, colourful pictographs showing faces, creatures and objects, have seen a surge in popularity and number in recent years. This exploratory study strives to answer the following question: how and why are emoji used on Twitter in the Netherlands and England? By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, we identified three important factors explaining emoji usage: the individual’s purpose on Twitter, the perceived functionality of emoji and the individual’s selection criteria for emoji. Overall, emoji play an important role in online communication and their use is more complex than their light-hearted appearance may suggest.

Emoji Helps! A Multi-modal Siamese Architecture for Tweet User Verification

In the current paper, we have proposed a new multi-modal authorship verification approach for social media texts. Authorship verification is a task of verifying whether an unknown text is written by a suspect or not. Use of social media like Facebook and Twitter is increasing day by day because of digitization. People have grown accustomed to regularly post or tweet about their everyday life, memorable incidences, random thoughts, opinions, and much more. Emojis are widely used in these tweets and posts. The writing style of a user can differ from others, since word choices, sentence structures, usage of punctuation symbols, and use of emoji can be different. We have applied a multi-modal Siamese-based framework for automatic extraction of features from the given texts and emojis. After the extraction of features, the extracted features are applied to a neural network–based architecture for binary classification. A multi-modal Twitter-based dataset is created for evaluating the performance of the proposed framework. We obtained an average accuracy of 61.56% with 78.08%, 61.50%, and 58.32% precision, recall, and f-measure values, respectively.

Use and Interpretation of Emoji in Electronic-Mediated Communication: A Survey

Among the pictorial representations that have succeeded in electronic-mediated communication (EMC), the rise of emoji is of special interest, as they have widely spread around the world. This article reports on the results of a survey conducted among students and staff of a large Spanish university (63% women) on the use of emoticons and emoji and their interpretation. Results confirm the preference for emoji over emoticons. The responses also disclosed emerging norms on the use and functions of these pictographs in EMC: Emoji are considered more “expressive” than emoticons, and messages without these cues are judged as “rude.” Regarding the interpretation of emoji, the survey shows that it heavily relies on preexisting iconography, even if new visual conventions are developing.

94 Can Emojis Assess Patients’ Mood and Emotion in the Emergency Department? An Emoji-Based Study

As health care progress and aligns with our technologically advanced society, the need to modernize health care and patient relations arises. The use of emoji has rapidly increased worldwide as standard communications adding context and clarity to words. Our objective was to prospectively assess patients’ mood and emotion in the emergency department (ED) throughout their visit. A cohort of 348 ED patients above the age of 18, with an emergency severity index (ESI) between 3-5 was prospectively enrolled. A screen with ten ordered emoji faces ranging from 1 (extremely satisfied, smiling face) to 10 (extremely dissatisfied, angry, red face) was given to each patient upon arrival to the ED. Patients were asked to identify their mood by selecting one mood-determining emoji every 30 minutes after arrival. The change in emojis and the impact of age, sex, education, marital status, ethnicity, race, ESI, length of stay (LOS) and chief complaint were examined to asses the effect they may have had on the patient's first selected emoji, their last, and the change between the two. To analyze our data, various statistical analyses such as time series, Spearman correlation, multiple linear regression, categorical, and nonparametric statistics were used. Only data from patients for whom at least two emoji selection events were recorded in the ED were used. Patient demographics were as follows: age ranging from 18-81 with a mean of 37.6 (+ 15.4 SD), 57.9% female and 58.1% white. Chief complaints of musculoskeleal injury and wound complication(bite, laceration) made up 52% of the surveyed patients. On the emoji scale, mean emoji at admission and discharge were 5.8+2.7 and 5.30+2.8 respectively (p=0.0004; Wilcoxon signed rank test); showing significant improvement in patient mood. Emoji at admission was positively correlated to the discharge emoji(r=0.49, p<0.0000; Spearman Correlation). At admission 26 (7.4%) and 30 (8.6%) patients selected emoji 1 and 10 respectively, while 36 (10.3%) and 32 (9.2%) selected these emoji at discharge. Overall, out of 348 patients, 112 (32.2%) remained at the same level of mood, 104 (29.9%) improved mood, and 88 (25.3%) had worsening mood. The change in emoji was not related to wait time or LOS on emoji selection (p=0.11) or patient age effect (p=0.64). It was however positively related to emoji selection at admission (slope=0.53, p<0.000), meaning one unit increase in the initial emoji, improved the mean emoji by 0.53 points. Mean emoji at admission for male was significantly lower than female (6.2+2.6 v. 5.4+2.6; p=0.006) and slightly higher mood change (slope=0.52, p=0.065). Emoji can be a useful tool in tracking a patient’s mood during the ED visit. We did not observe any effect from wait time or length of stay in the ED on the patients’ emoji selection. These emoji surveys are simple to administer and could impact the overall management and care within the ED.

Cortical processing of human and emoji faces: an ERP analysis

ABSTRACT Social networks have become an effective tool of interaction, frequently replacing face-to-face communication by using non-verbal emotional cues, such as emojis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether human and emoji faces are analogously processed cortically. We recorded P100, N170, and LPP event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to happy, neutral, and angry expressions of human and emoji faces in 30 participants. The results showed that P100 and LPP amplitudes were larger in response to human faces but emoji faces generated larger N170 amplitude. Angry faces elicited significantly larger P100 and LPP amplitudes. The neural time-course of processing human and emoji faces was similar, however, human faces generate greater attentional orientation response, emoji faces increase the structural encoding processes, and human faces elicited greater arousal and attentional engagement. These results suggest that the use of emoji faces in computer-mediated communication produces neural responses that are similar to those that are observed in face-to-face communication.

Emoji as social semiotic resources for meaning-making in discourse: Mapping the functions of the toilet emoji in Cher’s tweets about Donald Trump

Emoji have emerged as a significant feature of modern discourse through the proliferation of social media. Noted for their ability to create meaning across linguistic boundaries, emoji are strongly associated with informal interaction where they serve to build and maintain social bonds. Following in the footsteps of Zappavigna (2011, 2015, 2018) I use a social semiotic approach to analyze how the celebrity, Cher, creates meaning across the strata of discourse and builds affinity with her followers through the use of the toilet emoji in relation to Donald Trump. The approach is successful at elucidating the complex layers of meaning which a single emoji can enact, providing further evidence of the value of the social semiotic approach in the context of global media. The affinity that is created by the toilet emoji can be understood through attitude-ideation couplings, where the coupling is made more 'bondable' to her ambient audience through the system of promotion. The possibility of an emoji enacting both attitude and ideation in a coupling is suggested and implications for how we understand certain semiotic choices discussed.

Emoji and rapport management in Spanish WhatsApp chats

Emoji are a set of pictographs available on several electronic platforms and applications, which are gradually replacing emoticons (sequences of punctuation marks representing facial expressions). Over the last decade, researchers have proposed that emoticons not only convey emotional content in computer-mediated communication, but they may also perform pragmatic functions, such as signaling the illocutionary force of the utterance (Dresner and Herring, 2010), mitigating threatening formulations (Wilson, 1993), or strengthening expressive speech acts (Skovholt et al., 2014). Despite their growing popularity, little pragmatic research to date specifically addresses emoji. The present paper bridges this gap by exploring the functions of emoji in a corpus of WhatsApp chats written in Spanish. Drawing on Spencer-Oatey's (2000, 2005) rapport management framework, the analysis shows that emoji are used across different domains in the corpus: they not only upgrade or downgrade different speech acts (illocutionary domain), as pointed out by previous research, but they also contribute to achieving a successful interaction by signaling closing sections or by helping to negotiate openings (discourse domain), as well as serving as a way to frame playful interactions (stylistic domain). This study also shows that some practices related to the use of emoji may be influenced by Spanish culture.

Are you fluent in sexual emoji?😉: Exploring the use of emoji in romantic and sexual contexts

This research presents an exploratory study of how individuals use emoji, specifically in sexually suggestive contexts. Emoji are small images that depict emotions, concepts, or items that are used in computer-mediated communication in order to add context, emotion, and personality to messages. The dataset consists of 693 participants recruited via online social networks and forums. Results indicate that the use of emoji play a significant role in the sending and receiving of sexually suggestive messages; of individuals who have sent these messages, 51% report that the use of emoji led to the sexually suggestive behaviour and 54% report that emoji appear in their messages sometimes, often, or always. The three most common object emoji last sent and received in a sexually suggestive message are the tongue (👅), the eggplant (🍆), and the sweat droplets (💦), while the three most common face emoji last sent and received in this context are the smirking face (😏), the winking face (😉), and the blowing a kiss face (😘). Additionally, this study demonstrates that extraversion and number of casual sexual partners is significantly related to the use of sexually suggestive emoji, as both extraversion and numbers of casual sexual partners account for 5.9% of the shared variance in the use of sexual emoji. This research provides empirical information that may be used to guide future research into the use of emoji in computer-mediated communication.

To emoji or not to emoji? Examining the influence of emoji on consumer reactions to advertising

In recent years, advertisers have increasingly been using emoji in their promotional communications. However, little is known about how consumers might react to the use of emoji in advertisements. In this paper, we examine the effect of including emoji in advertisements on consumers' purchase intentions. Two empirical investigations (a laboratory experiment and an online study) provide convergent evidence that the presence of emoji leads consumers to experience higher positive affect, which in turn, leads to higher purchase intentions. We also examined the moderating influence of product type (utilitarian vs. hedonic) on the emoji ➔ positive affect ➔ purchase intentions link, finding that emoji are only effective for promoting hedonic products. The findings of our work offer theoretical and managerial implications with respect to why and when emoji are likely to make advertisements more effective.

Valence, arousal and sentiment meanings of 33 facial emoji: Insights for the use of emoji in consumer research

Emoji are increasingly used for emotional expression in computer-mediated communications and represent a relevant source of information for consumer companies about consumer’s food-related attitudes and behaviours. However, given that emoji convey a wide range of meanings an in-depth understanding of how consumers interpret them is necessary to enable their use in food-related consumer research. The purpose of this research was to explore consumers' interpretations of facial emoji. In an online survey with 1084 adults from the USA, an open-ended question was used to uncover meanings associated to 33 common facial emoji (in Apple platform rendition iOS 6.0). Participants also evaluated the emotional valence and arousal of the emoji using Self-Assessment Manikins (SAM). The latter confirmed that facial emoji can span broad ranges of emotional valence and arousal and convey a corresponding range of different emotions. Although emoji conveyed their unique and intended meaning, semantic meanings were multiple and bestowed by associations of varying strength depending on the specific emoji being considered. This emphasised that emoji interpretation and use can be flexible, as also seen in internet resources dedicated to emoji meaning. Implications for food-related consumer research are discussed.