Use Of Electronic Databases Research Articles

Using a meta-ethnographic approach to explore the role of interprofessional education in inclusion health for health and care staff

PurposeThis article aims to present a systematic review and synthesis of evidence on the experiences, role and use of IPE in IH fields by using a meta-ethnographic approach including key concepts, reciprocal and refutational translation and lines of argument. Inclusion health (IH) practice suggests that the needs of excluded groups are more effectively addressed through collaborative working. Interprofessional education (IPE) occurs when two or more professions engage in shared practice and learning, resulting in improved collaboration and quality of care. Studies on IPE to train staff in fields relating to IH exist, but without a settled consensus on the best approaches/activities to foster inclusive practice.Design/methodology/approachThis synthesis is underpinned by a meta-ethnographic approach. It provides explicit stages of data collection and interpretation, while providing space to engage with emerging themes and concepts iteratively (reflecting on author experiences) and inductively (reasoning and interpretation). This study made use of electronic databases and journals for English language peer reviewed articles between 2000 and 2020. Of the 2217 articles, 19 papers were included. The lead author and reviewer completed the review process and a second reviewer reviewed 10% at each stage. The quality was assessed using a modified CASP checklist. Iterative analysis involved PPI and staff stakeholders.FindingsA total of 16 concepts embedded in 19 papers provide insight into the nature of IPE in IH (IH) for staff. It was found that IPE in IH covers a broad group of practitioners and is a complex activity involving individual and organisation readiness, practical and pedagogical factors, influenced by setting, method, curriculum, lived experience, reflection and a learner-driven approach. Barriers to design, implementation and translation into practice were also found to exist.Practical implicationsMost studies used a combination of core learning and group work. Educational modes include mentoring or coaching, reflective practice, immersive learning and people lived experience of exclusion involved in or facilitation thematically centred in trauma-informed informed care, cultural competence, communities of practice and service learning. The aim of these methods was to promote collaboration through identifying shared experiences, problems and tensions and critical reflection of services and organisations. Such transformative learning is reported to challenge stigma, discrimination and misinformation and promote collective empowerment to address social injustice through human connection. Effective models of IPE re-instated the therapeutic relationship and alliances between patients and staff.Social implicationsThis review also calls for the development of health and care workers’ professionalism in relation to their own reflexivity, establishing anti-racist curricula, challenge stigma and ensuring clinicians are aware of and able to negotiate tension and difference identified within the consultation and between themselves. Apart from developing generalist skills, this analysis suggests that IPE in IH may be able to challenge stigma and discrimination towards IH groups by destabilising existing norms and siloed working with the aim of achieving robust interprofessional practice.Originality/valueIPE in IH is a complex activity affected by individual and organisation readiness, setting, experiential, practical and pedagogical factors. Models of teaching are focused on re-instating the therapeutic relationship. There are no systematic reviews in this field and previously there was no settled consensus on the best approaches and learning activities to foster inclusive and collaborative practice.

Diagnostic Performance of Artificial Intelligence-Based Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis in Pediatric Radiology: A Systematic Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) is an important research area in radiology. However, only two narrative reviews about general uses of AI in pediatric radiology and AI-based CAD in pediatric chest imaging have been published yet. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the AI-based CAD applications in pediatric radiology, their diagnostic performances and methods for their performance evaluation. A literature search with the use of electronic databases was conducted on 11 January 2023. Twenty-three articles that met the selection criteria were included. This review shows that the AI-based CAD could be applied in pediatric brain, respiratory, musculoskeletal, urologic and cardiac imaging, and especially for pneumonia detection. Most of the studies (93.3%, 14/15; 77.8%, 14/18; 73.3%, 11/15; 80.0%, 8/10; 66.6%, 2/3; 84.2%, 16/19; 80.0%, 8/10) reported model performances of at least 0.83 (area under receiver operating characteristic curve), 0.84 (sensitivity), 0.80 (specificity), 0.89 (positive predictive value), 0.63 (negative predictive value), 0.87 (accuracy), and 0.82 (F1 score), respectively. However, a range of methodological weaknesses (especially a lack of model external validation) are found in the included studies. In the future, more AI-based CAD studies in pediatric radiology with robust methodology should be conducted for convincing clinical centers to adopt CAD and realizing its benefits in a wider context.

Ways to Improve the Quality of Life of the Population as a Factor of Human Potential with Limited Financial Resources of the State

The subject of the study is individual elements of the financial mechanism of social support of the population. The purpose of the work is to establish ways to improve the quality of life of the population as a factor of human potential. The non-identity of the concepts of the level and quality of life of the population is revealed by bringing the indices of their measurement. The indicators of the quality of life assessment, including the human development index and its components, are considered. The role of the quality of life assessment indicator in inter-budgetary relations is demonstrated. The necessity of taking into account the improvement of the human development index and the birth rate in order to allocate additional transfers of funds to the regions that have achieved an improvement in these indicators is substantiated. Low-cost measures to increase the life expectancy of the population are highlighted. First of all, it is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle by changing the taxation of food; more active use of electronic databases of the population to assess the quality of treatment; the impact of lifestyle on its duration. The modern education system is critically comprehended. Alternative less costly and more effective educational models are proposed to improve the quality of human potential. In order to improve the living standards of the poor part of the population, it is proposed to pay more attention at the state and regional levels to family enterprises that do not use the labor of employees, with the provision of tax and registration benefits to them. The expediency of the development of natural forms of assistance to the most disadvantaged segments of the population in return for the allocation of sums of money is proved. The conclusion is made about the need to reform the modern high-cost system of stimulating fertility and its reorientation to large families (with three or more children).

Structure, functions, performance and gaps of event-based surveillance (EBS) in Sudan, 2021: a cross-sectional review

BackgroundEvent-based surveillance (EBS) is an essential component of Early Warning Alert and Response (EWAR) as per the International Health Regulations (IHR), 2005. EBS was established in Sudan in 2016 as a complementary system for Indicator-based surveillance (IBS). This review will provide an overview of the current EBS structure, functions and performance in Sudan and identify the gaps and ways forward. MethodsThe review followed the WHO/EMRO guidelines and tools. Structured discussions, observation and review of records and guidelines were done at national and state levels. Community volunteers were interviewed through phone calls. Directors of Health Emergency and Epidemic Control, surveillance officers and focal persons for EBS at the state level were also interviewed. SPSS software was used to perform descriptive statistical analysis for quantitative data, while qualitative data was analysed manually using thematic analysis, paying particular attention to the health system level allowing for an exploration of how and why experiences differ across levels. Written and verbal consents were obtained from all participants as appropriate.ResultsSudan has a functioning EBS; however, there is an underestimation of its contribution and importance at the national and states levels. The link between the national level and states is ad hoc or is driven by the need for reports. While community event-based surveillance (CEBS) is functioning, EBS from health facilities and from non-health sectors is not currently active. The integration of EBS into overall surveillance was not addressed, and the pathway from detection to action is not clear. The use of electronic databases and platforms is generally limited. Factors that would improve performance include training, presence of a trained focal person at state level, and regular follow-up from the national level. Factors such as staff turnover, income in relation to expenses and not having a high academic qualification (Diploma or MSc) were noticed as inhibiting factors.ConclusionThe review recommended revisiting the surveillance structure at national and state levels to put EBS as an essential component and to update guidelines and standard operation procedures SOPs to foster the integration between EBS components and the overall surveillance system. The need for strengthening the link with states, capacity building and re-addressing the training modalities was highlighted.

Artificial Intelligence for Radiation Dose Optimization in Pediatric Radiology: A Systematic Review.

Radiation dose optimization is particularly important in pediatric radiology, as children are more susceptible to potential harmful effects of ionizing radiation. However, only one narrative review about artificial intelligence (AI) for dose optimization in pediatric computed tomography (CT) has been published yet. The purpose of this systematic review is to answer the question “What are the AI techniques and architectures introduced in pediatric radiology for dose optimization, their specific application areas, and performances?” Literature search with use of electronic databases was conducted on 3 June 2022. Sixteen articles that met selection criteria were included. The included studies showed deep convolutional neural network (CNN) was the most common AI technique and architecture used for dose optimization in pediatric radiology. All but three included studies evaluated AI performance in dose optimization of abdomen, chest, head, neck, and pelvis CT; CT angiography; and dual-energy CT through deep learning image reconstruction. Most studies demonstrated that AI could reduce radiation dose by 36–70% without losing diagnostic information. Despite the dominance of commercially available AI models based on deep CNN with promising outcomes, homegrown models could provide comparable performances. Future exploration of AI value for dose optimization in pediatric radiology is necessary due to small sample sizes and narrow scopes (only three modalities, CT, positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and mobile radiography, and not all examination types covered) of existing studies.

Students’ awareness on the use of digital library in tertiary institutions in Ekiti state for sustainable development

The study examined the awareness of students and use of e-library in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State. Descriptive design of the survey was employed. The population comprised all 100 level and 200 level students in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State while the sample consisted of 150 students drawn from three tertiary institutions in Ekiti State using proportionate sampling techniques. A self-constructed questionnaire titled “Students’ awareness and use of e-library” was used to collect relevant data for the study. The instrument was validated by experienced library expert. A reliability co-efficient of 0.75 was obtained through test re-test method. Data collected were analysed using frequency count and simple percentage. The study revealed that students in tertiary institutions were aware of e-library but with low patronage on the use of electronic database. The major source of awareness of electronic library among the students are through friends and sensitization. The finding revealed that students use youtube page more than online database and e-journal, e-book and google. Based on the findings, the students should be encouraged to use e-library. Emphasis must be made in the class during the lecture on the use of e-library.

"Am I Not Allowed to be Comfortable?" The Doubled Edged Sword of Benzodiazepine Prescriptions in Older Adults

<h3>Introduction</h3> The treatment of anxiety, panic, depression, and insomnia symptoms in late life pose many challenges. The use of benzodiazepines for these symptoms offers often rapid relief in some domains but clearly poses risks. Second only to opioids, benzodiazepine prescriptions have become a major focus of public health concern and scrutiny. The use of electronic data base reporting and FDA warnings regarding abuse potential and withdrawal have lead to a movement to both deprescribe and not initiate benzodiazepine treatment in older adults. It is clear that concerns regarding side effects of falls, fractures, acute and chronic confusional states, abuse potential and drug-drug interactions are of great concern to clinicians. Patients often cite concerns regarding tapering of these agents including fear of relapse of anxiety and panic and a wish to maintain feelings of comfort with what is percieved as a stable medication regime in their advanced years of life. A challenge to clinicians is to work with aging patients over a treatment plan which balances medication safety with the therapuetic benefits of these agents. Management of older adults who have been treated chronically, often for many decades, with benzodiazepines poses a significant challenge. Many community providers no longer want to care for these patients and as a result, they present to hospital based clinics with stigma and disappointment over prior treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> Cases were identified from the patient population at Mount Sinai Beth Israel, an urban medical center serving a multicultural and socioeconomically diverse population. Mount Sinai Beth Israel has been serving the popultaion of Manhattan since 1889 and provides comprehensive behavioral health care services. Patients were identified from those who presented to the ambulatory care geriatric psychiatry service with care needs that included chronic benzodiazepine use. <h3>Results</h3> Case presentations: Ms. A: A 69 year old woman with history of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Dysthymia whopresented for treatment after her long-term provider could no longer see her. Medication regime includes Citalopram 40mg once daily, Clonazepam 2.5mg daily in divided doses, Gabapentin 400mg daily in divided doses and Zolpidem 10mg at bedtime. The patient presents with complaints of nervousness and anxiety which impair her function. She is resistive toward any changes in her regime and also she is reluctant to engage in psychotherapy. Ms. B: A 69 year old woman has been enrolled in the clinic for many years. She has a history of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder in sustained remission and Opioid Use Disorder in remission on Methadone 45mg daily. The patient has been treated with Mirtazapine 60mg at bedtime, Clonazepam 1mg three times daily and Gabapentin 200mg at bedtime. Her course has been complicated by her goal of ending her Opioid Treatment Program and undergoing a taper of her Methadone dose over time. She presents with many complaints of anxiety, abdominal pain and GI upset. While she is able to describe a history of significant childhood trauma and abuse, engaging in truama focused care has been a challenge and her visits focus on dose increases in current medications. Ms. C: A 70 year old woman with a history of Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder has been stable for many years. He current medication regime incldues Venlafaxine 100mg daily, Gabapentin 100mg daily and Clonazepam 0.75mg daily in divided doses. The patient is very devoted to her medication regime, with specific times of the day when she takes her pills and how she divides the Clonazepam doses. She explains that she is very satisifed with this regime, has tolerated reduction from a higher does of Clonazepam in the past and feels does not want to risk any relapse at present. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The risk potential of benzodiazepines is exponentially higher in geriatric patients compared to younger adults. This does not imply that these medications should always be discontinued among those who have been treated chronically. It is clear that despite Beers Criteria inclusion and FDA warnings, patients and providers both have difficulties making long term treatment plans regarding individual risk verus benefit decisions. A finding from our hospital-based clinic population includes an increasing number of patients who enter treatment after prior providers have refused to continue prescribing controlled substances. This fracture in a prior relationship creates greater challenges in fostering the therapuetic alliance necessary to gain trust, offer adjuntive therapies and adequately discuss medication risks and benefits. Finding the best balance for the patient in mitigating risk while maintaining quality of life requires individual assessment and shared treatment goals. We want to reduce polypharmacy, maintain patient comfort and safety with a focus on harm reduction. <h3>This research was funded by</h3> Mount Sinai Beth Israel Department of Psychiatry

СПОСІБ ДЕПАРТМЕНІЗАЦІЇ ЕЛЕКТРОННОЇ КАРТИ ПРИ ЗОВНІШНЬОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ РОЗХОДЖЕННЯ СУДЕН В ЗОНІ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ СУРС

Hazards to navigation create conditions for emergency situations, even when modern navigation devices are used. Now there are a few protocols of connection between ships, which are equipped with modern intellectual devices. Modern protocols of connection between ships are calculated by artificial intelligence. Using artificial intelligence allow seafarers achieve high level of navigation safety. Ship’s remote-control needs upgrading to achieve new level of safe maneuvering. Only creating new algorithms of system checking, which are used by external operators can improve navigation safety throughout The World Ocean. Integrated method of task’s complex solution is offered by using early determination of emergency factors in course of vessels’ passing under external control in VTS area. This paper is aimed at the development of a method of safe and gradual transition to autonomous shipping in the future through the use of electronic database of dangerous parameters of ship proximity through their model situational integration into modern ship information systems of electronic charts of VTS operators. Remote control of marine facilities in the future cannot go into the stage of safe implementation without the development of an algorithm for the gradual implementation of the control system by external operators. The transition to unmanned shipping requires the establishment of checkpoints to monitor the reciprocal movement of such facilities. Therefore, it is very important to ensure a safe transition period with the operation of remote control of the external operator of the ship's traffic control systems with local direct control of the ship by her crew. The use by qualified operators of vessel traffic control systems of the method of departmentization of the electronic chart to regional orthogonal zones on the basis of areas of unacceptable convergence parameters is just one of such innovative steps in ensuring the functioning of checkpoints. In the future, this method may become a part of the main operating system of intelligent protocol of communication for remote external control of vessels.

Systematic review on the current Public Health Challenges for Dengue Transmission Control and Prevention in the Philippines

The dengue virus is a flavivirus endemic in over 100 countries, in which Southeast Asian countries are greatly affected due to the evident lack in public health intervention and laboratory resources. In 2019, the Philippines was able to observe a sudden increase in dengue cases, declaring a state of epidemic. The government then proposed several measures to address the sudden rise of dengue, which showed a significant decrease in dengue deaths during the first half of 2020, but dengue still remains a cause of concern given the uncertainty of possible future epidemics. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines using journals and articles published between Jan 1, 2015 and Dec 31, 2020 from Science direct, PubMed, HERDIN, Western Pacific Surveillance and Response (WPSAR), and Taylor and Francis Journal under the search strings “Dengue in the Philippines'' and “Dengue prevention and control in the Philippines”. The risk of bias was assessed using phase 2 and 3 of the ROBIS tool. A total of 19 articles identifying factors that influence public health interventions were included. Vector elimination and control (e.g., 4s strategy) through community participation has been the main focus of the current dengue prevention programs in the country, but these programs are presented with limitations. Various challenges and recommendations from different literatures were identified, but all consistently show the need for accurate identification and representation of dengue prevalence and burden to avoid higher overall healthcare costs, better involvement of the government and healthcare providers in information dissemination, advocacies with emphasis on behavioral change programs, and further research and development of a cost-effective, efficient, and less complex diagnostic method. It was therefore concluded that understanding the prevention and control of dengue in the Philippines would involve an elaborate public health investigation and review of several different factors aside from its viral mechanisms and pathogenesis, and that several aspects originating from individual behavior and practices of people up until coordination of LGUs, communities, and National-level agencies including coordinated budget allocations must all be aligned to efficiently lessen the prevalence of dengue. Research limitations encountered included the exclusive use of electronic databases and free/accessible published articles that inhibited the review’s capability to include “grey literature”, as well as the inability to have a registered protocol due to time constraints. An expansion in the criteria, databases used, and type of literature, along with the further exploring of each individual factor identified is recommended for future research.

An Assessment of the Use of Electronic Databases by Academic Staff, Bowen University, Nigeria

The study assessed the use of electronic databases by academic staff of Bowen University, Nigeria. Descriptive analysis including percentage and frequency count was used to analyze the data. From the total population of 500 academic staff, a sample of 75 was taken using the simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection in this study. The questionnaire used was a closed ended or structured questionnaire divided into two sections. Section A captures the respondents’ bio-data while section B contained the structured items to achieve the research objectives. Five research questions were developed and answered by the study. The results show that majority of academic staff were aware of available e-databases, use it to improve teaching delivery and research output. Challenges encountered include inadequate time and an overwhelming workload. The study concludes by recommending a drastic reduction in workload, increasing bandwidth, hotspots and entrenching customer-friendly policies in the library.

An Assessment of the Use of Electronic Databases by Academic Staff, Bowen University, Nigeria

The study assessed the use of electronic databases by academic staff of Bowen University, Nigeria. Descriptive analysis including percentage and frequency count was used to analyze the data. From the total population of 500 academic staff, a sample of 75 was taken using the simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection in this study. The questionnaire used was a closed ended or structured questionnaire divided into two sections. Section A captures the respondents’ bio-data while section B contained the structured items to achieve the research objectives. Five research questions were developed and answered by the study. The results show that majority of academic staff were aware of available e-databases, use it to improve teaching delivery and research output. Challenges encountered include inadequate time and an overwhelming workload. The study concludes by recommending a drastic reduction in workload, increasing bandwidth, hotspots and entrenching customer-friendly policies in the library.

Digital Literacy Skills and Use of Electronic Databases by Postgraduate Students: A Case Study

Digital Literacy Skills and Use of Electronic Databases by Postgraduate Students: A Case Study

Evidence-Based Medicine Approaches of Students in a Medical School

Aim: To define knowledge and attitudes of Cumhuriyet University Medical School (CUMS) students about Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and to determine opinions about the 1-week EBM education given to fourth-year students. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study on third, fourth, and fifth-year students of CUMS. The 1-week EBM education given in 4th-year is an internship, they can take theoretically and practice lectures. The data collection tool used in research has questioned descriptive features of students, knowledge and attitudes about EBM, and their views on the internship. Results: 165 students volunteered to participate. The most common answers for investigation research question; for 3rd-year students' was general web sites, for 4th-year students' and 5th-year students' was electronic EBM database. While 3rd-year students valued to easy access for searching data, reliability was important for 4th and 5th-year students. The frequency of students' use of electronic databases (p&amp;lt;0.001), the rate of know the keyword as “good” (p=0.021), Medline usage frequency (p=0.003) and mean scores obtained from the pyramid of evidence (p&amp;lt;0.001) have differed significantly between students' years. There was a significant difference between students' English levels and electronic EBM database selection (p=0.034). Students', have upper-intermediate and upper English levels, 72.7%(8) chose the Electronic EBM database source to investigate. The most difficult parts for students when reading an article are their English insufficiency, statistics, and academic language. Students’ opinions about the EBM course; 77.2%(88) found that the course was beneficial, 7.0%(8) said course were not helpful, and 15.8%(18) were undecided. Conclusion: Improving students' English levels could increase their frequency of EBM database usage. It was observed knowledge and attitude of EBM were quite low in 3rd-year students, and general knowledge and attitude of 4th-year students, have received just new internship, were better than the other years. These findings show us that internship is beneficial.

PECULIARITIES OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CASES ASSOCIATED WITH ARSONS

The article discusses some of the features of the investigation of criminal cases involving arson. Recommendations are given for the officers of the investigative-operational groups when planning further actions at the initial stage of the investigation of arson. The questions about the influence on the detection rate of the promptness of arrival to the place of the fire of the investigator (interrogator), about the features of collecting information at the place of the fire are touched upon. Obtaining information on the basis of special knowledge, allowing to formulate a search plan for the alleged offender and his criminological personality portrait. With the development of new technologies, for the efficiency of obtaining information from a specialist (expert) in the investigation of arson, it is necessary to use the technology of immersive telepresence (video presence). This allows for a better inspection of the crime scene in the absence of an expert (specialist) directly on the spot. The use of electronic databases and the use of modern means of communication also contribute to solving crimes related to arson hot on the trail.

Early Amniotomy After Cervical Ripening for Induction of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective Data Timing of artificial rupture of membranes (ie, amniotomy) in induction of labor is controversial, because it has been associated not only with shorter labors, but also with fetal nonreassuring testing, at times necessitating cesarean delivery. The aim of this systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials was to evaluate the effectiveness of early amniotomy vs late amniotomy or spontaneous rupture of membranes after cervical ripening. Study The search was conducted with the use of electronic databases from inception of each database through February 2019. Review of articles included the abstracts of all references that were retrieved from the search. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Selection criteria included randomized clinical trials that compared early amniotomy vs control (ie, late amniotomy or spontaneous rupture of membranes) after cervical ripening with either Foley catheter or prostaglandins at any dose. The primary outcome was the incidence of cesarean delivery. The summary measures were reported as summary relative risk with 95% of confidence interval with the use of the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. Results Four trials that included 1273 women who underwent cervical ripening with either Foley catheter or prostaglandins and then were assigned randomly to either early amniotomy, late amniotomy, or spontaneous rupture of membranes (control subjects) were included in the review. Women who were assigned randomly to early amniotomy had a similar risk of cesarean delivery (31.1% vs 30.9%; relative risk, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.56) compared with control subjects and had a shorter interval from induction to delivery of approximately 5 hours (mean difference, –4.95 hours; 95% confidence interval, –8.12 to –1.78). Spontaneous vaginal delivery was also reduced in the early amniotomy group, but only 1 of the included trials reported this outcome (67.5% vs 69.1%; relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.93). No between-group differences were reported in the other obstetrics or perinatal outcomes. Conclusion After cervical ripening, routine early amniotomy does not increase the risk of cesarean delivery and reduces the interval from induction to delivery.

Occipital Encephalocele: Cause, Incidence, Neuroimaging and Surgical Management.

AimsTo review and present the current knowledge of incidence, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the occipital encephalocele.BackgroundEncephalocele (E) is a defect of the neural tube that refers to congenital malformations featured by skull defect and dura with extracranial spread of intracranial structures. Occipital encephalocele (OE) are the most common form of this congenital disorder and are manifested as a swelling of different sizes over the occipital bone in the midline. Proper diagnosis and treatment is highly important in the management of this congenital malformation of brain.ObjectiveTo review and present the current knowledge of incidence, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the occipital encephaloceleMethodsWe conducted a search of case reports or case-series of patients by the use of electronic databases: Pub Med, Medline, Index Medicus, Scorpus. The key words were: encephalocele, occipital encephalocele, neural tube defect, congenital malformation. The search was updated to December 31, 2018. Papers published in English were the only source of information.ResultsOccipital encephalocelle are more frequent in females than in males. The incidence is between 1 in 3000 to 1 in 10,000 live births; approximately 90% of them involve the midline. Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice in diagnosis and surgery is the best option for the treatment of OE. Overall morbidity and mortality is still high in spite of advenced surgical management, but have been significantly improved in recent years thanks to sophisticated high-resolution imaging, adequate and proper surgical treatment and decent post-operative care.ConclusionOccipital encephalocele is the most common form of encephalocele. The diagnosis is mostly based by the use of neuroimaging techniques. Operation is the best option for treatment. Overall morbidity and mortality is still high, but have been significantly improved in recent years thanks to sophisticated high-resolution imaging, adequate and proper surgical treatment and decent post-operative care.

Use of Apps to Promote Childhood Vaccination: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

BackgroundThe decline in the uptake of routine childhood vaccinations has resulted in outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination apps can be used as a tool to promote immunization through the provision of reminders, dissemination of information, peer support, and feedback.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to systematically review the evidence on the use of apps to support childhood vaccination uptake, information storage, and record sharing.MethodsWe will identify relevant papers by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase by Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). We will review the reference lists of those studies that we include to identify relevant additional papers not initially identified using our search strategy. In addition to the use of electronic databases, we will search for grey literature on the topic. The search strategy will include only terms relating to or describing the intervention, which is app use. As almost all titles and abstracts are in English, 100% of these will be reviewed, but retrieval will be confined to papers written in the English language. We will record the search outcome on a specifically designed record sheet. Two reviewers will select observational and intervention studies, appraise the quality of the studies, and extract the relevant data. All studies will involve the use of apps relating to child vaccinations. The primary outcome is the uptake of vaccinations. Secondary outcomes are as follows: (1) use of app for sharing of information and providing vaccination reminders and (2) use of app for storage of vaccination information; knowledge and decision making by parents regarding vaccination (ie, risks and benefits of vaccination); costs and cost-effectiveness of vaccination apps; use of the app and measures of usability (eg, usefulness, acceptability, and experiences of different users: parents and health care professionals); use of technical standards for development of the app; and adverse events (eg, data leaks and misinformation). We will exclude studies that do not study an app. We anticipate a limited scope for meta-analysis and will provide a narrative overview of findings and tabular summaries of extracted data.ResultsThis project was funded by the Sir David Cooksey Fellowship in Healthcare Translation at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. We will submit the full systematic review for publication in the Journal of Medical Internet Research.ConclusionsThis review will follow, where possible, the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Review and Dissemination methodologies for conducting systematic reviews. We will report our findings based on guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The review results will be used to inform the development of a vaccination app.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/16929

Adverse drug reactions caused by drug–drug interactions in cardiovascular disease patients: introduction of a simple prediction tool using electronic screening database items

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) drugs have been frequently implicated in adverse drug reaction (ADR)-related hospitalizations. Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are common preventable cause of ADRs, but the impact of DDIs in the CVD population has not been investigated. Hence, the primary aim of the study was to identify DDIs associated with ADRs in CVD patients at hospital admission. The second aim was to develop a simple tool to identify high-risk patients for DDI-related adverse events.Methods: An observational study was conducted on the Cardiology Ward of University Clinical Hospital Center. Data were obtained from medical charts. A clinical panel identified DDIs implicated in ADRs, using LexiInteract database and Drug Interaction Probability Scale. Statistics were performed using PASW 22 (SPSS Inc.).Results: DDIs contributed to hospital admission with a total prevalence of 9.69%. DDI-related ADRs affected mainly cardiac function (heart rate or rhythm, 41.07%); bleeding and effect on blood pressure were equally distributed (17.86%). Non-cardiovascular ADRs were found in 23.21% of DDIs. After admission, 73% of the identified DDIs led to changes in prescription. Prediction ability of calculated DDI adverse event probability scores was rated as good (AUC = 0.80, p < .001).Conclusions: CVD patients are highly exposed to adverse DDIs; about one in ten patients hospitalized with CVD might have a DDI contributing to the hospitalization. Given the high prevalence of CVD, DDI-related harm might be a significant burden worldwide. Identification of patients with high DDI adverse event risk might ease the recognition of DDI-related harm and improve the use of electronic databases in clinical practice.

Pattern of internet use by iranian nursing students. Facilitators and barriers

Objective. To evaluate the pattern of internet use and factors that facilitate or dissuade its use among nursing students from a university in Urmia, Iran.Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 162 nursing students selected through simple random sampling.Results. The findings indicated that 49.1% of the students used the internet from 15 to 60 min per day. The principal use of the internet was to search for scientific content in the Web. Factors that facilitated internet use were "ease of use" and "Access to experts to solve problems and answer questions", while the dissuasive factors were "lack of concentration", "cost of internet services", and preference for information provided by professors or available directly in textbooks. Internet use by the students was related with the use of this tool in classroom activities and with English fluency.Conclusion. Students have an internet use pattern aimed at self-study that should be strengthened with knowledge of English, assignments online, familiarization with the use of electronic databases, and other strategies to motivate them to use this technology with greater frequency.

Use of Electronic Databases by Market Research Professional in Bengaluru, Karnataka: A Case Study

The aim of this study is to examine the awareness, accessibility and use of e-databases at Market research organizations because huge money is invested for the subscription, growth, and management of e-databases. The main aim is to determine the awareness of e-databases; and to find out their extent of use, level of satisfaction, problems, and instructions/help in accessing of e-databases.